People socialize all the time when they are not alone even if they are keeping silence. This non-verbal communication is possible because we use body language, unconsciously accept it and respond to it.

Body language is an important part of any interaction, so every person should develop an ability to read other people signals and interpret them so as to be aware of their unconscious feelings and emotions.

Body language isn`t always just one movement. Very often it is more than one, but you can be assured that if your non-verbal signals are out of kilter with your spoken message, the people listening to you will feel uncomfortable, or may not believe, or may not be interested, etc.

Here is a list of some body-language habits and their interpretations:
- running fingers through the hair - a person is unsure, frustrated or angry;
- sitting back with both hands behind the head - he knows it all;
- tight-lipped with both hands on hips - aggressive;
- rubbing the earlobe - a person is nervous or doubtful;
- legs crossed, arms tightly folded - your counterpart is annoyed or defensive;
- hair-twisting - nervous;
- stroking the chin - he is deep in thoughts;
- foot tapping, fist clenched - your opposite number is dominant and aggressive.

Surely, this is not the whole list of habits which can be observed in day-to-day life. Moreover, I do believe that some of these interpretations are generalized and only partly try as every person is unique and his gestures and body language should be interpreted in a particular situation. I`m personally keen on twisting my hair, thus I can`t say that I`m always nervous. On the contrary, I`m an extremely self-confident person.

However, we shouldn`t underestimate the importance of our body language as it can tell us more, than words can do.

Перевод:

Люди постоянно общаются, даже когда они молчат. Эта невербальная коммуникация возможна благодаря тому, что мы используем язык тела, бессознательно воспринимаем его и отвечаем.

Язык тела - важная часть любого взаимодействия между людьми, поэтому им следует развивать умение "читать и распознавать" сигналы других людей, чтобы знать, какие подсознательные чувства и эмоции испытывают их собеседники.

Язык тела это не одно движение. Чаще всего это ряд каких-то действий. Но вы должны знать, что если ваши невербальные сигналы не соответствуют вашим вербальным сигналам, то т, кто вас слушает, могут почувствовать себя некомфортно, перестанут вам верить или вообще прекратят вас слушать.

Вот список основных жестов и их интерпретация:

1. гладит себя по волосам - человек неуверен, испуган или зол;
2. сидит, откинувшись на спинку стула, обе руки за головой - он знает все, что вы говорите;
3. губы поджаты, обе руки на поясе - он агрессивен;
4. теребит мочку уха - человек нервничает или в замешательстве;
5. ноги скрещены, руки сложены на груди - ваш собеседник раздражен или защищает себя;
6. крутит прядь волос - нервничает;
7. подпирает подбородок - размышляет;
8. постукивает ногой, сжимает кулак - ваш партнер хочет доминировать или он агрессивен.

Конечно, это не полный список жестов языка тела, которые можно наблюдать в повседневной жизни. Кроме того, я считаю, что толкование некоторых жестов обобщено и верно только частично, так как каждый человек уникален и его язык тела следует интерпретировать в зависимости от конкретной ситуации. Лично я обожаю играть с прядкой волос, но не могу сказать, что я постоянно нервничаю. Наоборот, я очень уверенный в себе человек.

Тем не менее, нам не следует недооценивать важность языка жестов, так как он может показать нам намного больше, чем расскажут просто слова.

Лёвина Карина

Body Language Essay, Research Paper

In most areas around the world, English and Latin are known as the universal languages. There is one language that most people forget, body language. Most body gestures are understandable to people all over the world. For example, most people realize that when a person has their arms crossed they are not very open to what another person has to say. Body language itself is great to analyze as a correspondent of written/spoken language because the roots of a gesture are often much more apparent than the roots for a word. Because body language involves physicality, interaction and communication can occur on a much more basic and primitive level as a means of communication.

All of us are trained in the use of speech, to communicate what we mean in a way that other people will understand. As we are trained to use speech to communicate we also are taught how to position our bodies to express what we are feeling. As children learn from their parents how to speak, they also observe the gestures that their parents use when saying certain words. Communication through body language is in this way somewhat of an unconscious learned behavior. A person’s external body language speaks amplitudes. Your subconscious mind records everything it sees and experiences, including body language and the words it hears, then analyzes their consistency and spits out true gut feelings. That is why you can usually rely on your gut feelings.By observing somebody’s posture, eye movements, and breathing you can gain information about what she/he is doing in her/his mind. You can get the same information by listening to the qualities of her/his tone of voice.

The style you use when speaking is as important as the words you choose to use. When someone has a very sarcastic tone of voice the speaker is often unpleasant about the topic that they are talking about. When a person’s tone of voice is sarcastic, their body language is often sarcastic. For example, when they are saying the sarcastic statement the speaker may roll their eyes. Most people are unconscious of their body language, but it speaks volumes about what they’re really thinking. Everyone uses body language to communicate, whether they are aware of it or not.

Body language is either positive or negative. Some examples of positive body language are relaxed posture, good eye contact, nodding agreement, smiling or adding humor, and gesturing warmly. Negative body language includes a tense body, having you arms folded in front of you, having a hand on your face, fidgeting, placing your arms behind head, leaning back, yawning, exhibiting impatience or distraction, leaning away, and displaying negative facial expressions. When a person is analyzing their body language they should try to appear open and warm, confident, trustworthy, and relaxed. When two people in a conversation exhibit these characteristics, a conversation is sure to go smooth and be successful.

Through life experience we have learned that people often lie with words. White lies are told numerous times in one day by a person. However, facial expressions and other body language tend to be more honest. When a person’s words and body movements are consistent, we feel more comfortable and confident that what that person is saying to us is true. When a person’s facial expression differs from their words, your experience tells you to believe the person’s body language, not the words. Everyone is aware that your body doesn’t know how to tell a lie. Body language, unlike spoken language is indefinite; so you have to be careful about how you interpret it. A certain movement or facial expression may be quite meaningful, or it may mean nothing at all. Therefore, it would not be wise to accuse someone of lying to you just because one of their gestures suggested that they were uncomfortable and lying.

It is impossible for a person to not communicate. No matter what you do, or don’t do, you still declare your emotional state. Each of us reveals our emotional state with non-verbal signals. During courting, and later in a romantic relationship, knowing what the other person is feeling helps you behave appropriately. But, to know what that person is experiencing, you must attack the environment with your eyes, ears, and yes, your inintuition. In relations miscommunication is often the cause of most of the arguments, that includes misunderstanding someone’s body language. For example, a person may get upset with their significant other simply for the look they have on their face when they say something, if something was said sarcastically, or if one person yawned in the middle of a conversation.

If you think about it everything that you think of as communication is actually body language: tone of voice, clearing our throats, rolling our eyes, touching our nose - everything except the words we say. Your eye contact, or lack of eye contact, communicates. Your pauses communicate. Your facial expressions communicate. Your crossed legs communicate. Your posture communicates. Your open hands communicate. Your aroma communicates. In particular, your appearance communicates; hair style, type of eye glasses, accessories, tattoos, and your overall choice of attire. Once again, everything about you is part of your personal communication.

Our bodies can be just as expressive as our tongues. In fact, they’re usually a good deal, clearer, as a physical gesture or reaction will inevitably expose precisely what our spoken words seek to evade. It is essential, then, for people whose work involves frequent interfacing with others, to become fluent in the communication source of body language. Body language reflects accurately one’s emotional and mental state. Non verbal signs are very effective. They have a critical influence on the communicational processes, on the impression one creates, the manner in which she/he is treated by others and her/his performance. Understanding the messages conveyed through the body is of significant importance in order to improve communication skills, to improve one’s personal and professional targets and to increase personal effectiveness in inter-personal contacts.

As we know, nonverbal communication is the way that you use interchangeable sets of

visual, vocal, and invisible communication systems to convey and interpret meaning. There are

many categories that are included in nonverbal communication: “paralanguage, or vocalics;

posture, movement; objects, or artifacts; space, or proxemices; time; and the five senses

(Zeuschner 80).” Vocalicsis when you use volume, tone, rate, pitch, and quality of your voice to

give magnitude and meaning to our words. Proxemics means using space to communicate.

Artifacts are those objects – clothing, jewelry, etc.- taht relay a message about you. Movement

includes your posture, walking style, gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Time, also known as chronemics, can communicate attitudes or status. Lastly, there are the five sense

feeling, touching, smelling, seeing, and hearing, all of which express information to you from

Lastly, there are the five sense feeling, touching, smelling, seeing, and hearing, all of which express information to you from others (Zeuschner 80). These components combine together to make up the basic parts of nonverbal communication. When you use these components together they make your communication skills clearer and you relay better messages to others. There have been estimates made about the impact of nonverbal communication on the total communication process. It is said that body language ranges from 65 to 93 percent of communication (Zeuschner 81). Actions that you use to illustrate non-verbal communication are displayed in these six functions of nonverbal communication behaviors:

(1) Substitutuing

(4) contradicting

(5) Managing impressions

(6) Establishing relationships.

The influence of body language is at least as important as verbal communication. It is always present among conversations and other methods of communicating. One of the many examples of body language would be if a male and a female were at a party together. If both people were at opposite sides of the room but they both wanted to talk, they would find other ways to communicate with each other. The girl may notice the guy looking at her. After she has made eye contact with the guy, she might smile at him to let him know that she wants to talk to him. He would then smile back and the two people would walk towards each other and begin to talk.

Realizing the weaknesses in your nonverbal communication can be the key to becoming a successful communicator. “Self-awareness can be developed simply by getting into the habit of noitoring your behavior and taking note of our posture, movements, and objects (Zeuschner 93).” It is a good idea for someone to get outside opinions from peers and authoritative people on what aspects of your communication could use some improvement. Videotaping yourself in real situations will also expose you to your flaws. Once you have made the steps of improvement to your own nonverbal communication, you may begin to realize and analyze the body language of others whom you are in contact with. If you are more understanding of how you portray your own body movements and the body movements of others your communication with others will result in happier, calmer, and more successful conversations with others. This can be beneficial to you not only in your personal relationships, but also in your business relationships.

One more example of how non-verbal communication can be crucial to your life is in the area of a business interview. If there are two people being interviewed for a job, both containing the same crudential

УлГУ, Ульяновск, Россия
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом. Номинация Люди и общество.

Secrets of Gestures and Body Language

People socialize all the time when they are not alone even if they are keeping silence. This non-verbal communication is possible because we use body language, unconsciously accept it and respond to it.

Body language is an important part of any interaction, so every person should develop an ability to read other people signals and interpret them so as to be aware of their unconscious feelings and emotions.

Body language isn`t always just one movement. Very often it is more than one, but you can be assured that if your non-verbal signals are out of kilter with your spoken message, the people listening to you will feel uncomfortable, or may not believe, or may not be interested, etc.

Here is a list of some body-language habits and their interpretations:

1. running fingers through the hair - a person is unsure, frustrated or angry;
2. sitting back with both hands behind the head - he knows it all;
3. tight-lipped with both hands on hips - aggressive;
4. rubbing the earlobe - a person is nervous or doubtful;
5. legs crossed, arms tightly folded - your counterpart is annoyed or defensive;
6. hair-twisting - nervous;
7. stroking the chin - he is deep in thoughts;
8. foot tapping, fist clenched - your opposite number is dominant and aggressive.

Surely, this is not the whole list of habits which can be observed in day-to-day life. Moreover, I do believe that some of these interpretations are generalized and only partly try as every person is unique and his gestures and body language should be interpreted in a particular situation. I`m personally keen on twisting my hair, thus I can`t say that I`m always nervous. On the contrary, I`m an extremely self-confident person.

However, we shouldn`t underestimate the importance of our body language as it can tell us more, than words can do.

Люди постоянно общаются, даже когда они молчат. Эта невербальная коммуникация возможна благодаря тому, что мы используем язык тела, бессознательно воспринимаем его и отвечаем.

Язык тела - важная часть любого взаимодействия между людьми, поэтому им следует развивать умение "читать и распознавать" сигналы других людей, чтобы знать, какие подсознательные чувства и эмоции испытывают их собеседники.

Язык тела это не одно движение. Чаще всего это ряд каких-то действий. Но вы должны знать, что если ваши невербальные сигналы не соответствуют вашим вербальным сигналам, то т, кто вас слушает, могут почувствовать себя некомфортно, перестанут вам верить или вообще прекратят вас слушать.

Вот список основных жестов и их интерпретация:

1. гладит себя по волосам - человек неуверен, испуган или зол;
2. сидит, откинувшись на спинку стула, обе руки за головой - он знает все, что вы говорите;
3. губы поджаты, обе руки на поясе - он агрессивен;
4. теребит мочку уха - человек нервничает или в замешательстве;
5. ноги скрещены, руки сложены на груди - ваш собеседник раздражен или защищает себя;
6. крутит прядь волос - нервничает;
7. подпирает подбородок - размышляет;
8. постукивает ногой, сжимает кулак - ваш партнер хочет доминировать или он агрессивен.

Конечно, это не полный список жестов языка тела, которые можно наблюдать в повседневной жизни. Кроме того, я считаю, что толкование некоторых жестов обобщено и верно только частично, так как каждый человек уникален и его язык тела следует интерпретировать в зависимости от конкретной ситуации. Лично я обожаю играть с прядкой волос, но не могу сказать, что я постоянно нервничаю. Наоборот, я очень уверенный в себе человек.

Тем не менее, нам не следует недооценивать важность языка жестов, так как он может показать нам намного больше, чем расскажут просто слова.

Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.

When we go for an interview, most of us think carefully about what to wear and what to say but hardly ever about how to act — in other words, what our body language is telling the interviewer.

According to experts, body language accounts for 55% of the effect we have when communicating. Tone of voice accounts for 33% and words just 7% — so what you say matters much less then how you behave.

Employers nowadays are cautious about the fast-talking interviewee but they look increasingly for their signs which will show a person`s character and ability — such as body language. You should always smile when you enter the interview room and when the interview has finished because first and last impressions count.

Moreover, you should also try to maintain eye-contact with the interviewer but not for too long. Once you are sitting down, your hands should generally stay loosely in your lap. Never raise them above shoulder level.

In fact, body language is vital — so, at an interview, take the trouble to get it right.

Язык тела

Язык тела является одной из форм невербальной коммуникации, которая состоит из положения тела, жестов, мимики и движений глаз. Люди отправляют и интерпретируют такие сигналы почти полностью подсознательно.

Когда мы идем на собеседование, большинство из нас тщательно продумывает что надеть и что говорить, но вряд ли мы думаем о том как действовать, — иными словами,

Что наш язык тела может сказать интервьюеру.

По мнению экспертов язык тела составляет 55% от нашей эффективности при общении. Тон голоса составляет 33%, а слова только 7%. Таким образом то, что вы говорите, гораздо менее важно чем то как вы ведете себя.

Работодатели сегодня настороженно относятся к быстро говорящему собеседнику, но они наблюдают более внимательно за знаками, которые покажут характер и способности человека — такие, как язык тела. Вы всегда должны улыбаться, когда вы входите в комнату для интервью, а также когда интервью закончено, так как первое и последнее впечатление особенно важно.

Кроме того, вы также должны стараться поддерживать визуальный контакт с интервьюером, но не слишком долго. Когда вы сидите, ваши руки должны свободно лежать на коленях. Никогда не поднимайте их выше уровня плеч.

На самом деле, язык тела имеет жизненно важное значение — поэтому во время интервью, постарайтесь произвести хорошее впечатление.

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Body language (язык тела (невербальные средства коммуникации, включающие жесты, позы и др. невербальные знаки)) is a broad term for forms of communication using body movements or gestures instead of, or in addition to, sounds, verbal language, or other forms of communication. It forms part of the category of paralanguage, which describes all forms of human communication that are not verbal language.

Paralanguage (параязык (передача информации за счет определенной манеры говорить (напр., при помощи темпа речи, тембра и громкости голоса, тона, его модуляции и др., а также за счет таких невербальных средств, как жесты, мимика и т. п.))), including body language, has been extensively studied in social psychology. In everyday speech and popular psychology, the term is most often applied to body language that is considered involuntary, even though the distinction between voluntary and involuntary body language is often controversial. For example, a smile may be produced either consciously or unconsciously.

Voluntary body language refers to movement, gestures and poses intentionally made by a person (i.e., conscious smiling, hand movements and imitation). It can apply to many types of soundless communication. Generally, movement made with full or partial intention and an understanding of what it communicates can be considered voluntary.

Involuntary body language quite often takes the form of facial expression, and has therefore been suggested as a means to identify the emotions of a person with whom one is communicating.

The relation of body language to animal communication has often been discussed. Human paralanguage may represent a continuation of forms of communication that our non-linguistic ancestors already used, or it may be that it has been changed by co-existing with language. Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences. Blind children will smile and laugh even though they have never seen a smile. Iraneus Eibl-Eibesfeldt claimed that a number of basic elements of body language were universal across cultures and must therefore be fixed action patterns under instinctive control.

Some forms of human body language show continuities with communicative gestures of other apes, though often with changes in meaning. More refined gestures, which vary between cultures (for example the gestures to indicate «yes» and «no»), must be learned or modified through learning, usually by unconscious observation of the environment.

Body language is important in one-on-one communications, and may be even more important in group communications. In group situations, often only one person at a time is speaking, while non-verbal communication is coming from each individual in the group. The larger the group, the more impact body language may have.