v compound sentence parsing (CSP)
Parsing plan:
2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one, draw up a BSC diagram.
- by the type of a complex sentence - compound (SSP);
- indicate with what compositional union simple sentences are connected as part of a complex;
1 [You are many years late], but 2 [I’m glad for you, after all] (A. Akhmatova)
Offer schema:
The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex, consists of two simple sentences, connected by the compositional union NO with the meaning of opposition; a comma is placed before the conjunction no.
v complex sentence parsing (CPP)
Parsing plan:
1. Underline the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) and indicate how they are expressed (what part of speech).
2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one, draw up an SPP diagram.
3. Describe the proposal:
- by the purpose of the statement - narrative, motivating, interrogative;
- by intonation - exclamation, non-exclamation;
- by the number of bases - complex;
- by the type of complex sentences - complex subordinate (SPP);
- indicate the number of simple sentences in the complex;
- indicate which union or union word connects simple sentences as part of a complex;
- view clause clause- explanatory, attributive, adverbial (with subspecies);
- explain the placement of punctuation marks.
An example of how to parse a simple sentence:
1 [The boys looked after the truck], 2 (until it drove over the intersection).
Offer schema: 
The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex, consists of two simple sentences, the first simple is the main one; simple sentences as part of a complex are connected by the union word POSA, this is an SPP with a subordinate adverbial measure and degree. There is a comma between the first and second simple sentences.
v parsing a complex unionless sentence (BSP)
Parsing plan:
1. Underline the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) and indicate how they are expressed (what part of speech).
2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one, draw up a BSP diagram.
3. Describe the proposal:
- by the purpose of the statement - narrative, motivating, interrogative;
- by intonation - exclamation, non-exclamation;
- by the number of bases - complex;
- by the type of complex sentences - non-union (BSP);
- indicate the number of simple sentences in the complex;
- indicate a means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one - semantic or intonational connection;
- explain the placement of punctuation marks.
An example of how to parse a simple sentence:
Our conversation began with backbiting: I began to sort out our acquaintances who were present and absent.
Offer schema: 
The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union, consists of two simple sentences, interconnected in meaning; a colon is used in the sentence, since the second part of the BSP indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.
Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct analysis in the Russian literary language.
Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in the school course allows identify the sentence structure, to characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.
In contact with
What the parsing shows
There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional and syntactic. The latter is understood as analysis or analysis syntactic units with paramount highlighting the grammatical basis... The analysis is performed according to the approved algorithm of actions: underline the members + characterize them + draw a diagram.
Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what the parsing of a sentence is. They talk about analysis as analysis by composition. This is incorrect, since only individual lexemes are parsed according to their composition. As for the bunch of words expressing a complete thought, then in elementary school the process is referred to as analysis of the proposal by members. At the same time, in middle and high school, it takes on a deeper meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that the analysis of the composition proposal in the Russian language class is not performed.
The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, indicating an object or object, and the predicate - to actions taken first... To make the speech clearer, and the statement complete, the main members are complemented by minor ones, which have a set of features.
Secondary members of the proposal allow you to reveal a holistic picture of the events taking place. Their purpose is to clarify describe the actions of the main predecessors.
The next step is to parse the proposal for. This refers to how its members are expressed. Each one has several options, you must choose the correct one by asking the question:
- despicable - noun, local;
- tale. - Ch., Cr. adj., n .;
- def. - adj., Local, number;
- add. - noun, local;
- st. - adverb, noun with a preposition.
In view of the above, a more or less clear idea of what is the parsing of a sentence emerges. In short, it is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.
Characteristics of syntactic units
You need to know the criteria that a token possesses in order to carry out a detailed description. The characterization of a sentence in the text assumes a certain algorithm.
Determine the view:
- by the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
- by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamation or non-exclamation.
We find the grammatical basis.
We tell sequentially about each member of the sentence, the means of their expression.
We describe the structure of the syntactic unit. For a simple sentence:
- by composition: one-part (definite-lich., undefined-lich., generalized-personal, impersonal, naming) or two-part;
- by prevalence: widespread or non-widespread;
- completeness: complete or incomplete.
- what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, treatment, introductory constructions.
Determine to which type is a complex sentence:
- compound sentences (SSP) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a compositional union;
- complex sentences (SPP) - we establish the main, as well as the subordinate word, relying on the question and the peculiarity of the construction (what does the subordinate clause refer to), we determine the type of the latter;
- non-union complex sentence (BSP) - we establish how many simple parts a syntactic unit consists of, having determined the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).
We give the reasoning for what reason we put these are the punctuation marks.
If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.
Parsing a complex sentence is more difficult.
There is more parameters for analysis.
After the complex sentence from the examples has been disassembled into simple parts, we proceed to analyze each of them separately.
Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems with completing the assignment under the number 4.
How to make a diagram
It is not always enough to parse a simple sentence correctly to get an excellent score. The student must also be able to draw up diagrams of the described units.
- Highlight the subject, underlining with one line, and the predicate with two strokes.
- Find minor members, highlighting them according to generally accepted rules.
- Sentences with a turnover or a participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final scheme. The adverbial turnover is highlighted on both sides with vertical lines, and a dot / dotted line is underlined. Participial stands out from both sides with vertical lines, and is underlined by a wavy line.
- The union is not included in the scheme of a compound sentence; it is taken out of the framework of the basis. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate clause. Conjunctions and union words are enclosed in an oval.
Important! Before you draw up a proposal outline, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and an address that is not a member of a syntactic unit is denoted in the scheme by the letter "O" and is separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.
Proposal schema it's easy to compose with direct speech... It is important here to separate one part from the other, i.e. the author's words from direct speech, putting the appropriate punctuation marks between them.
Sample parsing a simple sentence
We write down an example and proceed to the analysis.
I have not seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.
Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:
- "I" - vile, expressed by a lich. places;
- "I have not seen" - a simple ch. skaz., expressed verb. in the form will express. incl. last vr .;
Stage II: Finding out which members of the proposal make up the grammatical basis. Here it will be - "I have not seen", so we are dealing with a simple sentence.
In a specific example, all minor members have joined the predicate:
- did not see (what?) the lake - add., expressed n. in R.P .;
- lake (which one?) is more magnificent - non-conform., opred, expressed adj. in sv. degree;
- more magnificent (what?) Baikal - add., expressed n. in R.P.
Stage III: at the end of the process give general characteristics simple sentence In russian language:
- by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
- for the purpose of the statement - narrative;
- by intonation - non-exclamation, therefore, at the end a punctuation mark is put - a period.
Stage IV: parsing a simple sentence assumes the schema [- =].
More problems are caused by parsing a sentence with an adverbial turnover. See below for examples.
Sample: A grove could be seen beyond the swamp, blazing birches.
Characteristic: narrative, non-excl., Simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate deep. about.
Scheme: [, I deuterich.turn I, = -].
Complicated by homogeneous terms and turns, syntactic units are parsed in a similar way.
Simple adverbial sentences should be objectively assessed. They indicate which member the entire turnover is, then its parts are disassembled into words.
Sample: The moon had just got out from behind the hillock and was illuminating translucent, small, low clouds.
Characteristic: narrative, non-excl., Homogeneous skaz. are connected by a non-repeating conjunction "and", therefore a comma is not put between them, and commas must be put between the definitions, they have a non-union connection, simple, two-part, widespread, complicated by homogeneous skaz. and def.
Scheme: [- = u = O, O, O].
Parsing complex sentences
The home exercise in Russian regularly contains a compulsory task under the number 4. Here there are various examples: SSP, SPP, BSP.
Whenever you parse a complex sentence, start with finding the grammatical basis.
It is necessary to analyze complex sentences based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.
The parsing of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to the general plan, as it were done analysis of the composition proposal, but with an indication of the type of subordination and a combination of these types. Below are examples of complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, clearly demonstrating the analysis.
Sample CPS with Sequential Submission: The kids reported picking the same daisies their grandmother loved.
Characteristics: narrative, non-excl., Complex, allied, its parts are connected by a subordinate connection with consistent subordination, consists of two simple ones.
Scheme: [- =], (what = (which = -).
Sample SSP: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.
Characteristic: narrative, non-excl., Complex sentence, has two grammatical bases, union, compound. The union "and" expresses simultaneity. 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous conditions. states.
Conclusion
If you have before your eyes sentences, examples with schemes, then visual memory automatically triggers. It helps well with control dictations and independent ones. Thus, you can learn automatically and parse without error suggestions (if the examples are selected correctly), highlight all the criteria necessary for the analysis.
Parsing plan:
Compound.
The number of parts in a complex, their boundaries (highlight the grammatical bases in simple sentences).
Means of communication between parts (indicate unions and determine the meaning of a complex sentence).
Scheme of the proposal.
Sample parsing:
Was winter but all the last days stood thaw... (I. Bunin).
(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound, consists of two parts, opposition is expressed between the first and second parts, the parts are connected by an adversarial union but.)
Offer schema:
1 but 2.
The order of parsing a complex sentence
Parsing plan:
The type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating).
Type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation).
Complicated.
Main and subordinate parts.
What spreads the subordinate clause.
Than the subordinate part joins.
The location of the subordinate part.
The type of the subordinate part.
Complex sentence schema.
Sample parsing:
When she played down on the piano 1, I am got up and listened 2 ... (A.P. Chekhov)
(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, complex subordinate, consists of two parts. The 2nd part is the main, the 1st is the subordinate clause, the subordinate part spreads the main part and joins it with a union when, the subordinate part is located in front of the main part, the type of the subordinate part is the subordinate tense).
Offer schema:
(union when ...) 1, [...] 2.
clause
Noun verb union of places. Verb. pr. adj. noun
Travelers saw, what they are on the small glade... (Narrative, non-excl., Complex, SPP with explanatory, 1) non-distribution, two-part., Complete. 2) spread., Two-stage., Half a day).
[ ____ ], (what…).
The order of parsing a non-union complex sentence
Parsing plan:
Unionless.
Number of parts (highlight grammatical foundations in simple sentences).
Scheme of the proposal.
The type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating).
Type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation).
Sample parsing:
The song ended 1 - there was the usual applause 2. (I.S. Turgenev)
(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union, consists of two parts, the first part indicates the duration of the action of what is said in the second part, a dash is placed between the parts.)
Offer schema:
Scheme for parsing a sentence:
1. Describe the sentence for the purpose of the statement: declarative, interrogative or motivating.
2. Describe the sentence for emotional coloring: exclamation or non-exclamation.
3. Describe the sentence by the presence of grammatical foundations: simple or complex
If a simple sentence:5. Describe the sentence by the presence of the main members of the sentence: two-part or one-part, indicate which main member of the sentence, if it is one-part (subject or predicate).
6. Describe the proposal for the presence of minor members of the proposal: common or non-common.
7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated by anything (homogeneous terms, address, introductory words) or not complicated.
8. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.
9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.
If a complex sentence:
5. Indicate which connection in the sentence: union or non-union.
6. Indicate what is the means of communication in the sentence: intonation, compositional conjunctions or subordinate conjunctions.
7. Make a conclusion what kind of proposal it is: non-union (BSP), compound (SSP) complex subordinate (SPP).
8. Parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, starting from point 5 of the adjacent column.
9. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.
10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.
An example of parsing a simple sentence:
Oral analysis:
The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis:pupils and female students learn
, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.
Written analysis:
Story., Non-excl., Simple., Two-part., R / opupils and female students learn , widespread, complicated, homogeneous.
An example of parsing a complex sentence:
Oral analysis:
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, union connection, means of communication subordinate unionbecause , complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicatenot asked common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basiswe went with the class, widespread, not complicated.
Written analysis:
Narrative, non-excl., Complex, communication allied., Wed-in communication subordinate unionbecause , SPP.
1st PP: odnosost, with chl - skaz.not asked distribution, not complicated
2nd PP: double-stage, g / owe went with the class, distribution, not complicated
Teacher Mizhiritskaya L.S.