The Koran is the holy book of Muslims. It translates from Arabic as "reading aloud", "edification." Reading the Quran is subject to certain rules - tajwid.
The world of the Quran
The task of the Tajweed is to correctly read the letters of the Arabic alphabet - this is the basis for the correct interpretation of divine revelation. The word "tajwid" is translated as "bringing to perfection", "improvement".
Originally tajwid was created for people who want to learn how to read the Qur'an correctly. To do this, you need to clearly know the places of articulation of letters, their characteristics and other rules. Thanks to Tajvid (the rules of orthoepic reading), it is possible to achieve the correct pronunciation and eliminate the distortion of the semantic meaning.
Muslims treat the reading of the Koran with trepidation, it is like a meeting with Allah for believers. It is important to properly prepare for reading. Better to be alone and practice early in the morning or before bed.
History of the Quran
The Qur'an was revealed in parts. The first revelation to Muhammad was given at the age of 40. For 23 years, the verses continued to be sent down to the Prophet ﷺ. The collected Revelations appeared in 651 - then the canonical text was compiled. The suras are not arranged in chronological order, but have been preserved unchanged.
The language of the Quran is Arabic: it has many verb forms, it is based on a harmonious word formation system. Muslims believe that verses have miraculous powers only when read in Arabic.
If a Muslim does not know Arabic, he can read a translation of the Qur'an or tafsira: this is the name of the interpretation of the holy book. This will allow you to better understand the meaning of the Book. The interpretation of the Holy Quran can also be read in Russian, but it is still recommended to do this only for the purpose of acquaintance. For a deeper understanding, it is important to know Arabic.
Surahs from the Koran
The Quran contains 114 suras. Each (except for the ninth) begins with the words: "In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Merciful." Basmala in Arabic is: بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ. The verses of which the suras are composed, the revelations are called differently: (from 3 to 286). Reading the suras brings many benefits for believers.
Surah Al-Fatiha, consisting of seven verses, opens the Book. In it, praise is given to Allah, and also ask for His mercy and help. Al-Bakyarah is the longest surah with 286 verses. It contains the parable of Musa and Ibrohim. Here we can find information about the unity of Allah and the Day of the Last Judgment.
The Qur'an ends with a short surah Al Nas, consisting of 6 verses. This chapter tells about various tempters, the main struggle with which is the pronunciation of the Name of the Most High.
Sura 112 is small in size, but according to the Prophet ﷺ himself, it occupies one third of the Quran in terms of its importance. This is due to the fact that it has a great meaning: it speaks of the greatness of the Creator.
Quran transcription
Non-native speakers of Arabic can find translation in their native language using transcription. It is found in different languages. This is a good opportunity to study the Qur'an in Arabic, but this method distorts some letters and words. It is recommended that you first listen to the verse in Arabic to learn how to pronounce it more accurately. However, this is often considered unacceptable, since the meaning of the verses can change dramatically when it is transcribed into any language. To read the book in the original, you can use the free online service and get a translation in Arabic.
Great book
The miracles of the Quran, about which a lot has already been said, are truly amazing. Modern knowledge made it possible not only to strengthen the faith, now it became obvious: it was sent down by Allah himself. The words and letters of the Quran are based on a kind of mathematical code that goes beyond human capabilities. It encodes events of the future and natural phenomena.
Much in this sacred book is explained with such precision that one involuntarily comes to the idea of its divine appearance. Then people did not yet possess the knowledge that they have now. For example, the French scientist Jacques Yves Cousteau made the following discovery: the waters of the Mediterranean and Red Seas do not mix. This fact was also described in the Quran, what was the surprise of Jean Yves Cousteau when he found out about this.
For Muslims, names are chosen from the Koran. The names of 25 prophets of Allah and the name of Muhammad's companion ﷺ - Zeid were mentioned here. The only female name is Maryam, and a surah is even named after her.
Muslims use suras and verses from the Koran as a prayer. He is the only shrine of Islam and all the rituals of Islam are built on the basis of this great book. The Prophet ﷺ said that reading suras would help in various life situations. Uttering the sura "ad-Duh" can relieve fear of the Day of Judgment, and the sura "al-Fatiha" will help in difficulties.
The Qur'an is filled with divine meaning, it contains the highest revelation of Allah. In the Holy Book you can find answers to many questions, you just have to think about words and letters. Every Muslim must read the Qur'an, without his knowledge it is impossible to perform namaz - an obligatory form of worship of the believer.
All praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds!
The Quran is a holy book sent to us by Allah through the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Therefore, you need to treat it with trepidation and reverence. There are external and internal rules of conduct when reading the Koran. External is the purity of the reader, the environment around and the behavior itself when reading.Internal - this is the mood of a person when reading, the state of his soul.
External rules for reading the Quran:
It is imperative to be in a state of ritual purity. "Truly, this is the noble Qur'an, found in the Kept Scripture, only the purified ones touch it."(Surah al-Waqia 77-79). That is, it is strictly forbidden for men and women to touch and read the Koran after intimacy before performing ghusl - complete ablution, and for men also after zhanabah (emission). It is also forbidden for women to touch the Quran with their hands during menstruation and postpartum bleeding, but they can recite it by heart if they are afraid to forget what they know from the Quran or as dhikr. If the reader has already done a gusul, then he must do a taharat (small ablution, wudu), that is, only those who purified themselves with taharat can touch the Koran. And the majority of scientists agreed on this. However, if there is ghusl, but no taharata, they can read the Qur'an from memory without touching it. Abu Salam said: “I was told by someone who saw the prophet (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) once read something from the Quran after urinating before touching the water (for ablution).'... (Ahmad 4/237. Hafiz Ibn Hajar called this hadith authentic. See Nataij al-Afkar 1/213), another confirmation: Imam al-Nawawi said: “ Muslims are unanimous that it is permissible to read the Qur'an in the absence of little ablution, although it is better to have ablution for this. Imam al-Haramain and al-Ghazali said: "We do not say that reading the Qur'an without a little ablution is condemned, since it is reliably known from the Prophet (PBUH) that he read the Quran in the absence of a little ablution!"”(See al-Majmoo 2/82). As for translations of the Quran or the electronic version on a computer or mobile, you can read and listen to the Quran without ablution. It’s better to have ghusl out of respect for the words of Allah.
It is advisable to brush your teeth with miswak. (Miswak are sticks used for brushing teeth made of "Persian Salvador" or arak wood). As the Prophet Muhammad said (PBUH): “Truly your mouths are the ways of the Qur'an, so cleanse it with miswak."(Suyuti, Fathul Kabir: 1/293).
The next thing is clothing. The clothes of the one who reads the Koran must comply with the Sharia requirements. You need to dress like during prayer, observing the awrah (for men, a part from the navel to the knees is closed, for women everything is closed except for the face and hands), and of course the clothes must be clean.
It is necessary to sit with respect, with voodoo (taharat) facing the qibla. Although it is not forbidden in any direction. Take your time in reading, read with tartil (constellation) and tajweed. That is, you need to read with reverence and respect, observing the rules of pronunciation and reading.
Try to cry, and even force yourself. The Quran says: “They prostrate themselves, chins touching the ground and sobbing. And this increases their humility "... (Surah Al-Isra 109). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “ The Qur'an was sent down with sorrow, and you cry when you read it. If you can't cry, at least pretend to cry". People asked one Alim: “Why do we not cry while reading the Koran like the Sahaba wept (gladdened Lahu ankhum)?” He replied: “Yes, simply because when the Sahaba read about the inhabitants of Hell, they were afraid that they were among them and wept, and we always think that this is someone is there, but not us. And when the companions of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu "alayhi wa sallam) read in the Koran about the inhabitants of paradise, they said: how far we were before them and after we cried, and when we read about the people of paradise we already imagine ourselves among them."
Pay tribute to the verses on mercy and punishment as mentioned above. That is, if in some sura it is written about the Day of Judgment or hellfire, who reads the Koran, he must realize the importance of what was written and be afraid with all his heart and rejoice when reading the verses, which describe the mercy of Allah Almighty.
Read in a chant, because many hadiths provide instructions for reciting the Qur'an in a chant. One hadith says “ Allah does not heed anything as he hears a prophet with a beautiful voice, who reads the Qur'an aloud in a chant". (Al-Maqdisi, "al-adab ash-shariya", vol. 1, p. 741). The Prophet of Allah (PBUH) said: "Do not treat us one who does not chant the Qur'an." (Abu Dawud).
Internal rules defined by Mashaikhs (Sheikhs)
“To keep in the heart the Greatness of the Quran, which is how sublime words are.
To keep in the heart the Majesty, Sublimity, Power of Allah Ta "ala, whose words are the Quran.
To clear the heart of vaswas (doubts) and fears.
Reflect on the meaning and read with pleasure. Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu "alayhi wa sallam) once spent the night reading the following ayah over and over again:" If You punish them, then they are Your slaves, and if You forgive them, then You are the Great, the Wise. " Meal: 118) One night Hazrat Sa "id ibn Jubair (radiallahu" anhu) recited the following verse until morning: "Separate yourself today, sinners." (Surah Yasin: 59)
Submit your heart to the verse you read. For example, if the verse is about mercy in the language, then the heart should be filled with joy, and if the verse is about punishment, then the heart should tremble.
To make the ear so attentive, as if Allah Ta himself says "ala, and the reader listens to Him. May Allah Ta" ala with His Kindness and Grace give you and me the opportunity to read the Quran with all these rules. "
Adaba in relation to the Holy Qur'an.
The Arabic word “adab” translated into Russian means “ethics”, “correct behavior”, “good attitude”. Adabs are the rules of etiquette for Muslims. In this case, adabs are given in relation to the Qur'an. They also include the above rules.
Do's and don'ts about the Qur'an
You cannot put the Koran on the floor, it is better to put it on a stand or pillow.
Avoid drooling your finger when turning pages.
You cannot throw the Quran when passing it on to another person.
Do not place it on your feet or under your head or lean on it.
You cannot take the Koran or any texts that contain verses from the Koran to the toilet. It is also impossible to recite the verses of the Koran in the toilet.
You cannot eat or drink while reading the Qur'an.
You cannot read the Koran in noisy places, in markets and bazaars, as well as where they have fun and drink alcohol.
You cannot yawn while reading the Quran. Also, if the belching torments. It is best to stop and continue when the yawning or belching has subsided.
You cannot freely retell and translate the Qur'an. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “ Those who interpret the Qur'an according to their own understanding, let them prepare a place for themselves in the fire of Hell.”(At-Tirmidhi, Abu Daud and an-Nasai).
The Quran should not be read for the purpose of obtaining worldly benefits or in order to stand out from other Muslims. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: " After reading from the Koran, ask for the goodness of Allah, ask for Paradise! Do not ask for a reward from worldly (money, property). The times will come when people will read the Koran in order to get closer to people (to solve their worldly problems). "
You cannot talk about worldly things, laugh while reading the Koran.
Desirable actions in relation to the Qur'an
It is considered sunnah to begin reading the Quran by reciting the phrase: “ A'uzu bilyahi mina-shshaitani-rrajim» (I resort to the help of Allah against the machinations of the damned shaitan!) And then « Bismillahi-rrahmani-rrahim ”(In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Merciful).
It is considered sunnah to perform judgment (bowing to the earth) if you have reached the verse with the sign of judging (i.e. bowing to the earth).
At the end of the reading of the Qur'an, even if the entire Qur'an has not been read in full, but only a part, it is necessary to say dua: “ Sadakallahul-'azim wa balyaga rasuluhul-karim. Allahumma-nfa'mina bihi wa barik liana fihi wal-hamdu lillahi rabbil 'alamina wa astagfirullahal-hayyal-kayyum ". ("The Truth was told by the Great Allah and the noble Prophet brought it to the people. O Allah, give us benefit and grace from reading the Qur'an. All praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and I turn to You with a request for forgiveness of sins, oh, forever Alive and remaining forever!")
It is considered sunnah after reading the Quran to read dua. Anyone. Allah accepts such a prayer and answers it.
The Koran should be kept above other books and not put other books on it.
« When the Qur'an is being read, listen to it and remain silent - perhaps they will have mercy on you."(Surah al-Araf 204).
It is advisable to repeat those verses of the Koran that affected you. Once the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu "alayhi wa sallam), who knows the entire Koran, spent the whole night repeating the same verse:“ If You punish them, then they are Your servants, and if You forgive them, then You - Great, Wise! "(Sura al-Ma'ida (Meal): 118)
It is advisable to read the Quran at the time indicated by Allah: “ Perform namaz from noon until darkness falls and recite the Qur'an at dawn. Indeed, at dawn, the Qur'an is read in front of witnesses. ”(Surah al-Isra: 78) Because at the dawn angels are replaced: those who were with you at night are replaced by the angels of the morning. The return shift takes place in the late afternoon, after the afternoon prayer `Asr. And they also witness the reading of the Qur'an.
Read the Qur'an slowly, pausing between verses. Reflect, if you know the meanings of the verses, or read in parallel the translation of the meanings of the Quran. It is not recommended to read the Quran quickly. It is narrated that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “ The one who read it in less than three days did not understand the Koran. ". (Tirizi, Kuran: 13; Abu Dawud, Ramadan: 8-9; Ibni Majah, Ikamat: 178; Darimi, Salat: 173; Ahmad bin Hanbal: 2/164, 165, 189, 193, 195) That is, he who did not read he will be able to think about the verses, he will not be able to understand, since he will monitor the speed of reading.
It is correct to read the letters, because for each letter of the Quran there is a tenfold reward. " If someone reads one letter from the Quran, one reward is written to him, and then this reward is increased ten times."(At-Tirmizi).
Even if the reading of the Koran turns out badly, do not throw it away, but continue further, for the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “ Connoisseurs of the Koran will be next to the saints, the most worthy angels. And those who find it difficult to read the Qur'an, but still reads it, will receive a double reward ”... (Al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daud, at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasai). But this does not mean that one should not learn to pronounce and read the Qur'an correctly.
Do not leave the Qur'an open after reading.
It is allowed, if he sneezed himself, to say "al-hamdu lillah" and if another sneezed - "yarhamukallah". It is also allowed to get up while reading the Koran if an older, respected and well-behaved person has entered.
It is not prohibited to recite the Quran while lying down.
It is not forbidden to read the Koran on the graves, since there are hadiths that speak about the benefits of this reading for the departed: “ You are reading Surah "Yasin" over the departed"(Ahmad, Abu Daud, Hakim).
The provisions of the ethics of reverence for the Holy Quran given here are taken from the books: An-Nawawi. "At-Tibyan"; Az-Zabidi. "Ithaf", Imam al-Qurtubi "Tafsir al-Qurtubi".
In conclusion, a few hadiths about the benefits of reading the Qur'an
The Prophet (PBUH) said: “ The Koran is the intercessor before Allah and justifies the reader before Him, and the one who is guided by it (the Koran), he will lead to Paradise, and the one who is not guided by it, pulls into the fire of hell"(Al-Haytham, at-Tabarani).
« You read the Koran, on the Day of Judgment he will come and become your intercessor "(Muslim).
“Whoever reads ten verses in one night, on this night his name will not be written among the careless people, distracted from Allah."(Hakim).
Reading the Holy Quran brings a Muslim savap (reward on the scales of the fate of a person whoaboutf nsuits him on the Day of Judgment). But it is not enough just to pronounce the letters, which in some places are very different from the Russian language. You must also follow all the rules. Thus, the followers of Islam reproduce the manner of reading that the angel Jabrail ( but.from.).
In this material, we will describe the basic rules of tajwid that allow a Muslim to read the Holy Text without fear of making a gross mistake that distorts the meaning of the Word of Allah.
General classification of letters and sounds
In Arabic, letters (harfs), as well as almost everywhere, denote consonants and vowels. True, the ratio of such letters is unusual - 27 to 1 in favor of consonants. Only the letter "alif" clearly and unambiguously implies a vowel sound. The vowels themselves are designated by means of vowels - harakata. In the Qur'an, they are placed above or below the letters:
ــَــ ("fatha") - denotes the sound "a";
ــِــ ("kasra") - denotes the sound "and";
ــُــ ("damma") - denotes the sound "y".
Also, when reading the Holy Quran, you can often find words with the sign "sukun" (ــــْ), which shows that the consonant letter does not have any accompanying vowel sound.
Due to the fact that the harfs themselves are divided into hard and soft, the range of vowel sounds takes 6 variants familiar to the Turkic and Russian speech: "a", "and", "u", "o", "s", "ү" (soft "y"). In general, consonants initially refer to either soft or hard sounds. For example, ق - hard "kaf", with all vowels it will be read hard, ك - soft "kaf" is always read softly. But there are also cases that do not lend themselves to this pattern. This applies, first of all, to the letter ر ("ra"), which is read firmly with the vowels "damma" and "fatah", but with "kasr" it is read softly.
Basic nravila
Below we will give several rules of Tajweed, concerning the order of lengthening vowel sounds, reading certain letters. They are often found in the Holy Scriptures, although of course the Tajweed is not limited to them. There are many other nuances related to various reading styles, acquaintance with which requires a deeper immersion in the Quranic sciences. Obviously, within the framework of one article, all aspects cannot be covered.
Mudd - elongation rule, which has several varieties:
- Mudd Tabi؛ and. This term can be translated into Russian as "natural lengthening". In a situation when the letters "alif", "yay" or "wow" follow the kharf, above which there is "fatha", "kasra" or "damma", the corresponding sound becomes one digit long (that is, we have "aa "," ui "," uu "). The vowel sound stretches in two digits (1.5 - 2 seconds). Example: بِمَا (bimaa).
- Madd muttasyl("Connected extension"). When in a word after lengthened fathi, kasra or damma there is "hamza" (ء), then the vowel sound must be extended to 4-5 digits. If a stop is planned on this word, then it is necessary to pull the sound up to 6 digits. Example: الْمَلَائِكَةُ (al-malayaya-ikatu).
- Madd Munfasil("Split extension"). The rule is almost the same as the previous one, with the only difference that we are talking about two words, not one. That is, if the natural lengthening occurs at the end of a word, and the next one begins with "hamza" (ء), then the reader must lengthen the vowel sound from 2 to 5 digits. In this case, a more preferable option would be to lengthen up to 4-5 digits. Example: يَا أىُّهَا (yaya ayyuhya).
- Madd lazim(reading with lengthening is mandatory). In order to understand how this rule works, what conditions are characteristic for it, it is necessary to pay attention to such a concept as "sukun". The fact is that the absence of vowel in a consonant letter in Arabic is usually divided into two types. The first is called temporary. That is, in this case, "sukun" is placed in front of the letter only when the reader makes a stop at this word. In the second case, "sukun" is constant, that is, the letter will not be accompanied by any vowel, either in the absence of a pause, or in the event of a pause. The rule madd lyazim ("obligatory lengthening") will correspond to the second variety. In the first case, after the madd tabi "and is followed by a letter with a temporary" sukun ", which appeared in connection with the stop. Then the vowel sound will stretch from 2 to 6 digits if a pause is followed on this word. However, if a person wants to continue reading without stopping , then the lengthening will be usual - madd tabi "and, that is, the vowel sound will need to be pulled only two digits.
When "sukun" in a word is mandatory and it is followed by the letter of lengthening, then the madd lyazim rule arises, according to which lengthening must necessarily continue for 6 digits. In this case, it is also important to remind that the rule of madd lyazim will apply in the Quranic verses in which one or several letters appear (their meaning is known only to the Almighty). To read them correctly, you need to know the official name of the letters, the spelling of which will perfectly demonstrate compliance with the madd lazim rule. Next, we will list these letters and represent their official name (and, accordingly, how they should be read) through a dash:
س - سِينْ ، ص - صَاضْ ، ع - عَايْنْ ، ك - كَافْ ، ق - قَافْ ، ل - لَامْ ، م - مِيمْ ، ن - نُونْ.
- Madd Lin. This rule of lengthening occurs in words where the letters “wow” and “yay” with “sukun” follow after the letter with “fatah”, followed by another letter. If a pause is made on this word, then the last letter instead of the vowel gets a temporary "sukun". In such a situation, the indicated letters "wow" and "yyay" with "sukun" will last from two to six digits. Example: الصَّيْفْ (al-sayyiyyif).
" Tanwin" and" nun" from" bitch"
"Tanwin" is a sign at the end of a word to indicate that an adjective or noun is in indefinite form. There are three types of "tanvin":
ــًــ "tanvin fathi", literally read as "an", but when pronouncing the final sound "n" is omitted; therefore it is pronounced like an elongated sound "aa".
ــٍــ "tanfin kasra" is literally read as "in" but is usually omitted when pronounced.
ــٌــ "tanwin dummy" is literally "un" but is usually omitted when pronounced.
These are the characteristics of "tanwin" in spoken language. But when it comes to reading the Holy Quran, special rules come into play. We will also consider them in the case when the letter "nun" occurs in the middle or beginning of a word with "sukun" (in fact, "tanwins" represent a situation when the letter "nun" is used with "sukun", but the peculiarities of the spoken Arabic language force to show these two cases are separate).
- Izhar... Clear pronunciation of nun with sukun and tanwin. This occurs when one of the following six letters follows "tanwin" and "nun" with "sukun": ح ، خ ، ه ، ع ، غ ، ء. In this situation, "nun" is read openly, as well as the following letter. Example: كُفُوًا أحَدٌ (kufuan ahad).
- Idgam ma "al-" unne... In this case, "nun" in "tanvin" and "nun" with "sukun" are no longer pronounced, but are absorbed by the following letter, while the sound is pronounced with holding and pronouncing "through the nose". Idgam ma "al-" unne is used for four letters: م ، ن ، ي ، و. Example: مِنْ نَفْسٍ (min-nyafsi).
- Idgam bile "unne... Within the framework of this rule, "nun" with "sukun" or "nun" in "tanwin" are not pronounced, they are replaced by the following letter. But the pronunciation "through the nose" does not happen. This rule applies to two letters: ل ، ر. Example: لَئِنْ لَمْ (lail-lam)
- Iklab... If after "nun" with "sukun" or after "tanvin" there is the letter "bya" ... Example: مِنْ بَعْدِ (mim-byagdi).
- Ikhfa ma "al-" unne... If after "nun" with "sukun" or after "tanvin" there is one of 15 letters of the Arabic alphabet that did not fall into the previous 4 rules, then "nun" is not read clearly, the letter seems to be muffled, but at the same time there is a passage "in nose":
ج، ك، ظ، ط، ذ، د، ز، ض، ،ص ،ث، ق، ش، س، ت، ف.
Example: مِنكَ (minka).
The rules of the letter "mime" with "sukun"
There are fewer of these rules when compared with the previous paragraph - there are only three of them. But they also require close attention, because non-observance will lead to errors in the reading of the Holy Quran and, accordingly, a possible distortion of its meaning. This, in turn, is fraught with the recording of sin in the book of a person's deeds.
- Ewha shafaviya... The effect of this rule can be understood without any lengthy explanation when literally translated from the Arabic language: "ihfa" is an implicit (concealment), hidden reading; "shafavia" - lips. That is, the letter "mime" in this case is read with a lengthening of two digits with closed lips. This order begins to operate when after م comes the letter "bya" - ب. Example: هُمْ بَايات (humm-byyat).
- Idgam Shafaviya... If after "mime" with "sukun" comes the letter "mime", above / below which there will be any vowel sign, then in this case the first "mime" with "sukun" goes into the second with vowel. In this case, the sound "m" itself is pronounced with closed lips, stretching in two discharges. Example: لَهُمْ مَا (lahumma).
- Izhar Shafaviya... Clear pronunciation of the letter "m" with "sukun" at the top. This rule applies if م is followed by all the remaining letters of the Arabic alphabet that were not used in the preceding subparagraphs of the "mim" rule with "sukun". Example: الْحَمْدُ (alhamdu).
The rules for reading the Holy Quran are not as complicated as they might seem at first glance. For a Russian-speaking reader who does not know the Arabic language, the very names of the normative units and their translation, carried out from the point of view of compliance with the sciences of philology and linguistics, can be difficult. However, everything is actually much simpler. Tajweed rules take into account the real pronunciation of sounds when they are differently combined with each other. In fact, they make legal what is already characteristic of human speech. Once you start, you will immediately feel the full extent of the moment. This once again confirms the thesis that the religion of Islam is given to people not as a burden, but as a relief.
"The Koran is the intercessor before Allah and justifies the reader before Him, and he will lead the one who is guided by it (the Koran) to Paradise, and the one who is not guided by it, pulls into the fire of hell" (hadith narrated by al-Haytham, at- Tabarani).
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “... read it (the Qur'an), indeed, Allah rewards it for reading it, for each letter - ten rewards, I do not say that for Alif, Lam, Mim - ten rewards, however for Alif - ten, for Lam - ten, for Mim - ten (rewards) ”(Hakim, volume 1, no. 555).
The Quran is the Speech of Allah and the greatest miracle that was given to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Every believer is obliged to be guided by it and know his dignity. It is the reading of the Quran that is the source of abundant grace and helps to find peace of mind. About how important it is to read the Holy Scriptures sent by the Almighty, and what is the benefit, they told at one of the lectures in the Galeevskaya mosque.
Let us remind you that there are certain rules, ethics of reading the Quran.
2. One should take the Qur'an in hand and put it in place after reading, if possible, without turning his back to it.
3. It is forbidden to touch and wear the Qur'an, even the case or the cloth in which it is wrapped, without washing.
4. Those who, according to Sharia, are obliged to wash their bodies completely and a woman, when she is not allowed to perform namaz, is prohibited not only from touching the Koran, but also from reciting it by heart.
6. Putting the Qur'an on the floor is considered a violation of the ethics of worshiping the Qur'an.
8. The Koran must be placed above all other books; you cannot put another book on it.
9. It is forbidden to take with you to the toilet and similar unclean places even a leaflet with a record of the verses of the Koran, as well as read them out loud there.
10. The greater reward for reading the Quran is received by the one who reads it in a mosque or waking up at night.
12. The greatest disrespect for the Qur'an should be considered the actions of those who, without at all grasping the true meaning of its verses, try to interpret them superficially, according to their own understanding, following translations into Russian and other languages. The imprecise transmission of the meaning of the Quran misleads people.
14. Reading the Qur'an in a dormant state is discouraged, as there is a high probability of making mistakes.
17. A reader of the Quran should not say other words during the reading process, unless this is absolutely necessary, you cannot laugh, play with your fingers - you should sit calmly and with respect.
18. The persistent sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is to recite dua after completing the reading of the Qur'an. Allah accepts such a prayer and answers it.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “A person who reads the Qur'an in prayer while standing will receive a hundred rewards for each letter; the seated namaz will receive fifty rewards for reading each letter of the Qur'an; one who reads the Qur'an outside of namaz will receive ten rewards for each letter; to the one who listens to the reading of the Koran, desiring to receive a reward, one reward is recorded for each letter; to the one who has finished reading the Quran (in full), Allah will answer the prayer in this world or in the next world "(Daylami." Kanzul umal ", no. 2427).
High position before Allah, intercession on the Day of Judgment, noble disposition and spiritual purity are only a small part of the fruits that the reading of the Quran brings. Studying the Holy Quran is one of the most glorious ways of remembering the Most High. A believer who studies the Qur'an and memorizes it by heart will not only deserve a great reward, but will also fill his heart with the Word of God, to which lies cannot approach either from the front or from the back. A treasury of divine wisdom and a storehouse of knowledge are revealed to him, and he is rewarded with great mercy. But at the same time, a great responsibility falls on him, because neglecting the Koran after Allah has placed it in a person's soul is a great sin.
Ibn Mas'ud said: “Truly, this Quran is a treat from Allah, accept His treat whenever possible. He is the strong rope of Allah, clear light and beneficial healing. He is the protection for the one who adheres to him, and the salvation for the one who follows him. He does not deviate from the truth to be censured, and does not deviate to the side to be corrected. Its miracles do not stop, and it does not decay from frequent repetition ”(hadith narrated by al-Hakim).
Ilmira Gafiyatullina, Kazan
Learning to read the Quran consists of 4 basic rules:
- Study of the alphabet (the alphabet in Arabic is called "Alif wa ba").
- Learning to write.
- Grammar (tajwid).
- Reading.
Right off the bat, you might think it's easy. However, all these stages are divided into several more sub-items. The main point is that you need to learn how to write correctly. Exactly right, not competently! If you do not learn to write, then you cannot move on to teaching grammar and reading.
There are 2 more very important points: first, using this technique you will only learn to read and write in Arabic, but not translate. To fully delve into this language, you can go to an Arab country and gnaw the granite of science there. Second, you need to immediately decide on which Koran you will study, since there are differences in them. Most of the old mentors teach from the Qur'an called Gazan.
But I do not advise doing this, because later it will be difficult to switch to the modern Koran. The font is very different everywhere, but the meaning of the text is the same. Naturally, “Gazan” is easier to learn to read, but it’s better to start learning with a modern font. If you do not quite understand the difference, then look at the picture below, this is how the font in the Quran should look like:
I think that if you want to learn how to read the Qur'an, you have already bought it. Now you can go to the alphabet. At this stage, I advise you to start a notebook and remember the school. All letters separately must be printed in a notebook every 100 times. The Arabic alphabet is not more complicated than the Russian one. Firstly, there are only 28 letters in it, and secondly, there are only 2 vowels: "her" and "alif".
But it can also make it harder to understand the language. Because besides letters, there are also sounds: "un", "u", "i", "a". Moreover, almost all letters (except for "wow", "zey", "rei", "zal", "dal", "alif") at the end, in the middle and at the beginning of the words are spelled differently. Most people also have problems reading from right to left. After all, they read from left to right. The opposite is true in Arabic.
It can also cause inconvenience in the letter. The main thing in it is that the bias in the handwriting is from right to left, and not vice versa. You can get used to it for a long time, but after a while you will bring everything to automatism. Now hr-portal will show you the Arabic alphabet (in yellow frames, the spelling options for letters are highlighted depending on their location in the word):
First, it's important that you write as much as possible. It is necessary to "fill your hand" on this, because now you are building the foundation of your learning. In a month, it is quite possible to learn the alphabet, know spelling options and learn to write. If you are interested, then you will keep within half a month.
Once you have learned the alphabet and learned how to write, you can move on to grammar. It is called Tajweed in Arabic. You can comprehend grammar directly while reading. Only a small nuance - in the Quran, the beginning is not where everyone is used to. The beginning is at the end of the book, but it is better to start with the first chapter of the Qur'an called "Al-Fatiha".
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