A man of amazing biography. Head of a partisan sabotage detachment in Poland, participant civil war in Spain, vice-rector for economic affairs of the Agricultural Institute, Soviet intelligence officer in China, head of the Belarusian partisan detachment during the Great Patriotic War. Having lost both hands, he did not lose heart and headed in 1945 a collective farm in Belarus, who was the first in the USSR to receive a net profit of one million rubles.

He was born 120 years ago - January 30, 1895 in the village of Myshkovichi(now it is the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region) in a peasant family. In 1915-1918 he served in the tsarist army as a non-commissioned officer, commander of a sapper platoon. Participated in the First World War.

In June 1918, on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee, the party created partisan detachment, who acted against the occupying German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919, he worked in the Bobruisk Cheka, then graduated from the command staff courses.

In November 1918, after the defeat of Germany in the First World War, German units began to withdraw from the territories of the former Russian Empire occupied by them. The Soviet Western Army, whose task was to organize control, including over the territory of Belarus, on November 17, 1918, followed the Germans and entered Minsk on December 10.

Meanwhile, the Poles on the territory of Lithuania and Belarus created the so-called Eastern Frontier Defense Committee(KZVO) with combat units formed from former soldiers of the Polish corps, and turned to the Polish government for help. By decree of the Polish leader ("interim head of state") Jozef Pilsudski of December 7, 1918, the KZVO units were declared an integral part of the Polish Army under the general command of the general Vladislav Veitka... On December 19, the Polish government ordered its troops to occupy Vilna. This is how it began Soviet-Polish war of 1919-1921.

It resulted in the fact that Western Belarus and Western Ukraine went to Poland, and the territory of Lithuania was divided between Poland and the newly created independent Lithuanian state. Vilnia also went to Poland.

After the war and imprisonment in March 1921, the intelligence department of the headquarters of the Red Army began to create and transfer to the territory of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus detachments for organizing mass armed resistance Polish authorities. It was assumed that these armed detachments would become the nucleus of the nationwide partisan movement in the occupied Belarusian and Ukrainian lands, which in the future would lead to their liberation and reunification with the USSR. This activity was called “ active intelligence". At the same time, it should be noted that the activities of the Intelligence Agency for active intelligence were so carefully covert that even the organs of the OGPU did not know about it.

Partisan, but in fact - sabotage movement on the territory of Western Belarus began in the summer of 1921. Some of the commanders of such sabotage detachments were Kirill Orlovsky and Stanislav Vaupshasov... Here is what information about the actions of these two units is given in the book. A. I. Kalpakidi and D.P. Prokhorova « Empire of the GRU. Essays on the history of Russian military intelligence»:

« In May 1922, a police station was destroyed in the area of ​​Belovezhskaya Pushcha;

From June 15 to August 6, 1922, 9 military operations were carried out on the territory of the Grodno and Ilytsky counties, during which the partisans destroyed three landowners' estates, burned the palace of Prince Drutsky-Lyubyatsky, blew up two steam locomotives on a narrow-gauge railway belonging to a French company, and a railway bridge , destroyed the railway line on the Lida - Vilnia line for a long distance. At the same time, 10 Polish lancers were killed in one of the battles;

In 1923, the partisan movement intensified:

on the night of May 19-20, 1923, 30 partisans defeated the police station and the volost council in Chuchevichi of the Luninets district;

On August 27, a similar operation was carried out in the town of Telekhany, Kossovsky district. In this case, two policemen and a voit (headman) were killed;

From April to November 1924, the partisans conducted 80 major military operations. The most famous of them is in the city of Stolbtsy, where on the night of August 3-4, 54 militants led by Stanislav Vaupshasov defeated the garrison and the railway station, and at the same time the headman, the district police department, the city police station, seized the prison and released the head of the military organization of the Communist Party Poland Stanislav Skulsky (Mertens) and the head of the Communist Party of Western Belarus Pavel Korchik, which, in fact, was the goal of this daring operation. At the same time, 8 police officers were killed and three were wounded.

On September 24, 1924, 17 partisans from the Orlovsky and Vaupshasov detachments, having organized an ambush in the Parokhonsk-Lovcha section along the Brest-Luninets railway line, attacked the train. As a result, they seized the voivode Polesie Dovnarovich. Showing humanism, they did not shoot him, but whipped him with a whip, after which he was forced to resign. The partisans also seized the post office and disarmed the soldiers and officers traveling on the train ... ".

The actions of Orlovsky and Vaupshasov worried the Polish leadership so much that it announced a large reward for their search and arrest (the order includes Mukha-Mikhalsky- one of the pseudonyms used by Orlovsky and Vaupshasov).

« Polish Voivodeship Presidium

Pan the elder (with his own hand) in Stolin.

On the basis of the proposal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed 10 billion marks for the capture of the bandit Mukhi-Mikhalskiy and at the same time promised a reward of up to 5 billion marks to the one who would give the relevant information to the police and help to arrest the said bandit. ”

In 1925 the Soviet leadership instructed the partisan detachments to stop “ partisan methods of struggle and concentrate all efforts on organizing mass work among the peasants". In June 1925, the insurgent detachments were disbanded, some of the militants moved to the BSSR, while the other remained in Poland, moving to live in districts far from their native places.

Later, from 1925 to 1930, Orlovsky studied at the Markhlevsky Communist University of National Minorities of the West. This institution trained political workers from representatives of the nationalities of the West of the USSR on the basis of the Lithuanian-Jewish-Latvian, German, Polish, Romanian higher party schools.

The vast experience gained during his work as a saboteur in Poland, Orlovsky used in the future - from 1930 to 1936 he worked at a special department of the NKVD of the BSSR for the selection and training of Krasnopartisan personnel for wartime.

In 1936, at his own request, Orlovsky worked for construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of the construction site.

And a year later, in 1937, he went help Republicans in Spain where he acted under a pseudonym Streak(from striker - firing pin in the trigger of small arms).

Here is one of it reports:

« Top secret.

The only instance

I report that on May 30, 1937, I, with a group of 10 Spaniards and one Russian [Stepan Grushko] crossed the front line and went deep into the rear of the Nazis for sabotage work.

From May 30 to July 20, 1937, with the aforementioned group, I passed 750 km behind enemy lines and only once, on July 15, the group was discovered by the enemy, which I will write about below.

During the specified time, the following work was carried out with the group:

On the night of June 2 to 3, 1937, an enemy freight train was blown up near Mount Captain on the Sevilla-Badajas railway line.

At night, more precisely, at 10 o'clock in the evening, on June 11, 1937, I blew up a passenger train on the Sevilla - Casaglia de la Sierra railway line, not far from El Pedros.

Over the course of 33 days, my group and I walked through three provinces for 500 km, where we met dozens of rather vulnerable spots for the enemy, which were quite capable for me and the group to strike the enemy from the rear. For example, 30 kilometers south of the city of Seville, there are three water delivery vehicles that cost 11 million pesetas; they irrigate thousands of hectares of rice fields and are guarded by three civilian fascists.

I insisted on the destruction of these machines, but the majority of the group's personnel both from this and other similar operations refused, and therefore from July 2 to July 7 I carried out a cleaning of the group's personnel, more precisely, the removal from further campaigns with my group of 7 people - self-seekers, simulators and cowards - and replacing them with more disciplined and staunch partisans from a detachment located in the mountains, 50 km north-west of Seville, in order to revive and activate the group in combat relations. I did this, and on July 7, with 8 Spaniards and 1 Russian man, I moved east.

On July 10, on the road from Seville to Badajas ... I decided to ambush the enemy's vehicles in order to destroy his manpower and transport, but when I began to discuss this operation with the people of my group 3-4 hours before its implementation, then here three Spaniards refused to participate in this case. At 8 o'clock in the evening we, 7 people, went out onto the mentioned road: we killed 17 people of the Nazis, 2 people wounded and destroyed 2 trucks and one car. Then they themselves retreated to the mountains. It was a truly heroic operation. Not far from Seville, in the afternoon with a small group of my fighters, a blow was struck to the Nazis. I must say that the operation of the Thompson light machine gun had a striking effect on the enemy and that two days later at night, crossing the same road, we had to wait for the car for two hours in order to once again let the enemy feel that he was far from doing well in the rear. ...

So at night the movement of vehicles on this road is significantly suspended. In addition, my operation served as a signal for action by those 3,000 partisans who have been sitting not far from this place for 10 months and doing nothing.

Me and my assistant Stepan Grushko planned to carry out three more operations, namely:

1) blow up another train;

2) blow up the power lines that supply electricity to all cities in the province of Seville, thereby depriving a dozen cities of electric lighting for 2-3 days;

3) to remove the landowner, who on June 4 transmitted information to the fascists that his shepherd had noticed us, a partisan, in some place.

conclusions... Whoever reads this short report might think that I made a heroic campaign with the group, spent a lot of energy with incredible tension of the nerves, that as soon as I (Strick) could withstand a broken spine, rheumatism in the joints of the legs and at the age of 43 overcome this path and all its difficulties? Yes, the difficulties, the loss of energy and the tension of the nerves are incredibly great. Along the mountains, rocks, cliffs dotted with stones with thorny bushes and thorny grass, exclusively at night, we have covered 750 km, often without food and water. Particularly difficult were those hours and days for me, as the leader of the group, when most of the Spaniards refused to carry out the operations planned and developed by me (after all, they were afraid), when they were too trusting of all the Spaniards who met on the road, telling them our way and our goals, which at any time could lead to the defeat of the group, and when some of them often fell asleep at the post.

I overcame all this thanks to unlimited hatred for the enemies of the people - the Nazis, and love for my work, for my profession. But if I made this campaign with more combat-ready partisans, then the result of our work would be many times better ...

The leadership of the interbrigade called this raid "unparalleled", however Orlovsky himself was unhappy with the result, believing that the effect would have been incomparably great if it were not for the cowardice and slovenliness of the Spaniards. After the campaign, a categorical order was issued by the corps command not to give Orlovsky any more, who “ distinguished by exceptional personal courage», Similar assignments to avoid unnecessary risk. Orlovsky was appointed advisor to the Madrid international reconnaissance and sabotage detachment... Nevertheless, he took the groups out on raids twice more. During one of the last clashes with the Francoists, Kirill Prokofievich received severe spinal contusion from the close burst of a grenade.

In November 1938, Orlovsky returned to the USSR. For courage and heroism shown in battles with the Spanish fascists, Kirill Prokofievich was awarded the highest award of the USSR - Order of Lenin, which was handed over directly to the hospital. The doctors, meanwhile, delivered their verdict. He was harsh - to commission, he was not suitable for work in the special services.

By the way, Orlovsky spent a whole week in Madrid in the same Gaylord hotel with Hemingway and talked to him. He became the prototype of Robert Jordan in the story Hemingway « For whom the Bell Tolls».

Employees of the personnel department of the NKVD helped with employment, and Orlovsky was sent as deputy rector for economic affairs Orenburg (then Chkalovsky) Agricultural Institute where he not only did his job, but also contrived to learn by attending classes. Orlovsky's unbending will brought him back into action a year later.

Information about his stay in Orenburg is sketchy. Professor G. M. Vdovin remembering him, he noted: “ I have never met a better vice-rector for economic affairs. He was a man of his word who always fulfills his duties.».

In March 1941, under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Orlovsky leaves for Alma-Ata for organizing the base of our agency in China- a big war with Japan was expected, and Kirill Prokofievich's experience was very helpful. Having organized work at the base, Orlovsky with a special assignment leaves for Xinjiang (China); he is there saves a Soviet resident, having kidnapped him literally from under the nose of the Chinese counterintelligence. The resident was taken to the USSR in a bale of cotton wool.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War "Kirill" (this is how Kirill Prokofievich began to pass in the operational correspondence) met in Xinjiang. Having recently returned from the crucible of the Spanish war and plunged into a quiet, measured life, "Cyril" felt uncomfortable and uncomfortable in Xinjiang. His soul was torn to his native Belarus, captured by the enemy (on the sixth day of the war, the Nazis captured Minsk). And therefore it is not surprising that contradictions began to arise between him and the Mirabeau resident on this basis. In conversations with Mirabeau, Kirill repeatedly said: I'm a guerrilla fighter, not an operative».

Already on August 31, 1941, "Mirabeau" reported to Moscow "Victor" (the head of the 1st Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR P. N. Fitin):

"Kirill" asks to send him to the rear of the Nazis to fight. Knows well the area of ​​Brest, Baranovichi, Pinsk. Before leaving for Xinjiang, "Cyril" left in Marseilles (this is how Alma-Ata is named in the document) a report on his work in these areas. If Kirill's request is satisfied, then I ask you to register a person who speaks Kazakh in his place.

On September 7, 1941, the following answer was received from Moscow from "Victor": "If necessary, we will use" Kirill "at another job. Now he must work in a military manner in the area entrusted to him. "

But "Kirill" did not calm down on this. On December 8, 1941, he directly addressed a letter to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR L. P. Beria:

"Pavel"

From the manager of the Geological Administration in Xinjiang Orlovsky

STATEMENT

I ask for your order to send me to the rear of the German fascist troops for the Red partisan and sabotage work, where I can bring incomparably more benefit in defending the socialist Fatherland than being here in economic work, since in the Red partisan and sabotage work I have experience not only in the rear German occupiers in 1919 and in the rear of the White Poles from 1920 to 1925, but also in the deep rear of the fascist troops in Spain in 1937.

For seven years of work, I had to illegally cross the front lines and state borders dozens of times and carry out dozens of sabotage military operations, smash the enemy, destroy his communications and instill panic. In September 1941, I wrote such a statement to Comrade Fitin, but I received the following answer through Comrade Shibaev: “We have received your statement. We mean, we will call if necessary. "

I think that the need for this work is now more than ever, and that if you send me, then I will give all my thoughts, feelings, heart and, as before, smash the sworn enemy of humanity, the German fascists and destroy the fascist evil spirits that burst into our Soviet land.

8.12.41 Orlovsky.

The facts set out in archival affairs, testify that “Mirabeau” and the intelligence department of the NKGB of Kazakhstan were in no hurry to send “Kirill's” statement to the addressee. Only in February 1942, the intelligence department of the NKGB of Kazakhstan sent to the Center a report from "Kirill" to LP Beria with a request to send him to the rear of the German army, considering it expedient to satisfy this request.

"Kirill", not knowing about the leisurely actions of the intelligence department and not waiting for a response to his letter, on March 17, 1942 writes a statement addressed to the chairman of the State Defense Committee of the USSR Joseph Stalin... This time the actions of "Mirabeau" and the intelligence department of the NKGB of Kazakhstan were instantaneous.

Unfortunately, this letter is not in the archives. By all appearances, the employees of the special services did not dare to make a copy of the document addressed to Stalin personally. The content of the report can only be judged by the cipher "Mirabeau" sent from Kulzha on the same day to the Center at the address "Victor" and "Alexandrov". “Mirabeau” reported that on March 17, 1942, “Kirill” submitted a letter addressed to JV Stalin, in which he noted his opportunities to work behind German lines in the regions of Belarus (knowledge of the language, customs, the presence of old connections among the population), asked send him deep into the rear for guerrilla and sabotage work, believing that this activity can bring more benefits. On the Mirabeau telegram there was a resolution: “ Comrade Miroshin, urgently send an application for appointment, send a copy with our detailed information to Comrade Sudoplatov».

On March 29, 1942, the long-awaited reply came from the Center. “Victor” reported that “Kirill” was returning to Moscow, and asked to arrange for his family in Alma-Ata.

He began to command the partisan special detachment "Falcons", which operated in the Baranovichi region of the Byelorussian SSR. The detachment successfully carried out a number of operations to destroy industrial facilities and military echelons of the enemy. The actions of the people's avengers met with warm support from the population of the temporarily occupied areas, so the ranks of the partisans were constantly replenished, and in 1943 the detachment of K.P. Orlovsky consisted of more than 350 fighters.

On February 17, 1943, skillfully organizing an ambush, the soldiers of the "Falcons" detachment destroyed the General Commissioner of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich French, Gebitskommissar of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Stuhr and Obergruppenfuehrer of the SS troops Ferdinand the Bloat capturing important documents and weapons. In this battle, Orlovsky was seriously wounded, having lost his right arm on the shoulder, and on the left - 4 fingers, but did not stop leading the operation until he led the detachment to a safe place.

This is how Kirill Orlovsky himself describes what happened next:

« I was badly injured. I don’t know why I didn’t bleed. Apparently, the snow, saturated with blood, became like a bandage. There is no doctor in our unit. They had to take me to a neighboring squad. The doctor thought that without anesthesia I could not survive the operation. I said: "Let's go without anesthesia." The doctor replied, "I don't have a saw." They found a saw for him. Locksaw hacksaw. She was sharpened, cleaned with emery, boiled in boiling water.

They decided to do the operation in the open air - it is dark in the dugout. They drove stakes into the snow, put skis on them. But I did not have to lie on this surgical table for long.

The Nazis organized a raid. They threw me into a sleigh, pelted me with fur coats and took me thirty kilometers. I waited for the fight to end. Then the doctor finished the operation, and before that he had no time - he was for the second number from the machine gun.

You see how much I endured, but in order to live, I had to endure it.

Three months later I got up. The partisans did not let me become a cripple. I again commanded my detachment. And, apparently, we beat the enemy quite well. In the fall, I was summoned to Moscow. I went to my house and stopped in front of the door. The wife and children were outside the door. I knocked on the door with my foot, because there was nothing to call me ... ".

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943 for courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kirill Prokopovich Oryol was awarded the title Hero Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 1720).

Thus, due to severe physical injuries - he had only one finger left from both hands - Kirill Prokofievich could no longer fight. It would seem that all that remained was to quietly live out their days; the welfare of his state would provide materially. But he was a man of a different nature. On July 6, 1944, when the war was still going on and Belarus was not completely liberated, he wrote a letter to Stalin asking him to appoint him chairman of the collective farm "Red Partisan" in his native village in the Mogilev region. Here is the letter with minor abbreviations:

« Moscow, the Kremlin, to comrade Stalin

From the Hero of the Soviet Union

security lieutenant colonel

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich

Statement.

Dear Comrade Stalin!

Let me hold your attention for a few minutes, express your thoughts, feelings and aspirations to you.

From 1918 to 1943, I was fortunate enough to work in the rear of the enemies of the USSR for 8 years as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border more than 70 times, carry out government assignments, destroy hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union as in the military, and in peacetime, for which the government of the USSR awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. I have no party penalties.

On the night of February 17, 1943, undercover intelligence brought me information that on 17 / I-43, Wilhelm Kube (General Commissioner of Belarus), Friedrich Fons (Commissioner of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.

At that time, I had only 12 of my soldiers, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. In the daytime, in an open area, on the road, it was quite risky to attack the enemy, but it was not in my nature to miss a large fascist reptile, and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage coats to the road, put a chain and disguised them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to drive.

For twelve hours my comrades and I had to lie in the snow pits and wait patiently ...

At six o'clock in the evening, an enemy transport appeared from behind the hill, and when the carts caught up with our chain, our automatic machine-gun fire was opened at my signal, as a result of which Friedrich Föns, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.

My comrades calmly took away all the fascist weapons and documents, took off their best clothes and in an organized way went into the forest, to their base.

There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and contused, as a result of which my right arm was amputated along the shoulder, 4 fingers on the left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. In the same place, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I physically recovered and in August 1943 I was called to Moscow by a radiogram.

Thanks to the People's Commissar for State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I am living very well financially. Morally - bad.

The party of Lenin-Stalin raised me to work hard for the good of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything to the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?

To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I paid possible attention to work on agricultural literature.

From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, I thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.

My stay at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the USSR government issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in commodity terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then in my homeland, in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirovsky district, Mogilev region, in the collective farm "Krasny Partizan", by 1950 I would have achieved the following indicators :

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms per each, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the percentage of fat content of milk.

2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.

3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 receive at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70-80 centners.

4. By the efforts of the collective farmers and at their expense, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of well-maintained, cultural settlement among fruit and ornamental trees;

5. Artesian wells - 6 pieces ...

I must say that the gross income of the Krasny Partizan collective farm of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.

Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.

Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, house number 10 a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46 ".

Stalin granted Orlovsky's request. Orlovsky rented out his Moscow apartment to the state and left for his village. January 1945 he was elected chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet"(this is how the "Red Partisan" was called) of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region.

This is how Orlovsky himself recalls the beginning of his career:

« Children, old people, several invalids gathered around the burnt houses ... On the horizon, shaggy tails of smoke are visible - the fires in the liberated Bobruisk have not yet been extinguished. The Belarusian land lies in ruins and ashes, nothing has survived in Myshkovichi from the former collective farm ...

At the first meeting of collective farmers, there were a lot of conversations about how to start, what to undertake, to what business first of all to stick. The strongest thing that remained in memory was that even then the collective farmers had a vivid expression of a sense of collectivization, a sense of a united family. Along with this feeling was born the belief that soon everything will be fine again. "

Under the leadership of the Oryol collective farm "Rassvet" became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.

In 1958 Orlovsky was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor... For military and labor merits he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals. Was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the third-seventh convocations. In 1956-1961 he was a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee.

Kirill Prokofievich died January 13, 1968... After his death, the collective farm "Dawn" began to be called after him.

Here's what I wrote about him magazine "Krugozor" in 1969.

From the story "Rebellious Heart"

« In the spacious room, in addition to the desk, there are a number of armchairs for about a hundred people. Dawn party meetings and seminars are held here. Here guests are received, and all year round at six in the morning, and during sowing or harvesting even earlier, the collective farm leadership gathers here for a meeting. In this room, all big and small issues are resolved. Yesterday I filed an application - today the answer. They are resolved openly, with the broadest publicity and in compliance with democratic norms.

It's twelve degrees today, the barometer is at "clear." What are the plans, we'll see, - says the chairman Orlovsky. - The first brigade? ..

The work for the day is approved. Kirill Prokofievich bends over the table, reads the statement. Collective farmer Elena Belyavskaya writes that eighty-six rubles were unjustly deprived of her for the missing cucumber seeds.

After reading the statement, Kirill Prokofievich takes off his glasses.

Nine years ago, he says after a pause, Anton Moiseevich Belyavsky died at about the same time. An ordinary old, night watchman. We considered it the simplest and most common while we lived. And when he died, they saw that he had an excellent soul - an excellent soul of a patriot of the Rassvet collective farm. He loved the collective farm with all his heart. It's easy to be called a human, but it's not easy to be human. Anton Belyavsky was like that. I think we should put up a monument to him.

Sobbing was heard in the back rows.

–... And Anton Belyavsky has a widow, Elena. Let's figure out whether she is a fair woman, or whether she was not a couple for Anton, she looks at how to get what is possible from the collective farm. Well, tell me, Elena, what are your grievances?

The old woman got up, wiping away a tear, and spoke:

Semyon zheltyakov brought it to me in the fall and says: "There is a ton here." Ton is so ton, I haven't checked. I cleaned everything, dried it as it should, and handed it over. And suddenly, at the final settlement - eighty-six rubles. This is unfair. I have worked and I work in good faith ...

Collective farm accountant Ivan Fomich asks for the floor. Loudly, mindful of Orlovsky's weak hearing, he gives an accurate reference:

Elena Belyavskaya and her neighbor Elizaveta Tsed received the same amount of cucumbers according to the documents, and donated seeds ... Elena is eighty-six rubles twenty kopecks less than the norm, and Elizaveta - eighty-nine rubles more than the norm. The cucumbers are the same, from the same machine.

Do you understand, comrades, what is the matter? - explains Orlovsky. - We give the elderly collective farmers work they can - they are homeworkers. They gave me seed cucumbers to peel: seed growing is a very profitable business. Well, some people, apparently, want to warm their hands on this. - Kirill Prokofievich turned to the foreman of the garden brigade Semyon Korzun: - Share your experience, how can you rob collective farmers?

They poured it on the eye, I had no selfish thoughts, - the foreman choked with excitement.

Sit down! - Orlovsky turned to those present: - It is clear what is the matter, do I need to explain more?

And if it is clear, my proposal is ... Brigadier Semyon Korzun should be fined for attempting to violate the accounting procedure for material assets, which is a prerequisite for theft. do not charge Elena Belyavskaya.

The hum of approval.

Thank you, Elena! Well done, did not shame the memory of her husband!

Valentin Ponomarev ".

That's how collective farmers themselves remember him:

« It's hard to stay in everyone's memory. The share of the former chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky fell such fame. The old collective farmer Darya Ivanovna, whom I asked about the deceased Orlovsky, said: "We all remember him as yesterday. After all, in everyone's life - he ...".»

However, the history of the collective farm, which grew up on the former ashes, the history of the growth of its people and well-being is known in our country. They know that this is due to the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky.

Thanks to the People's Commissar for State Security Comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I am living very well financially. Morally - bad.
The Lenin-Stalin party brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted all my time to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a thorough look at this business and fell in love with it.
My stay at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the USSR Government issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in commodity terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the percentage of milk fat.
2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July of this year there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. Collective farm forces in 1950 will planted a hundred hectares of orchard in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
1) shed for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) a barn for young livestock No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
8) a power plant, with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) house for kindergarten- 180 sq. m;
16) a barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the forces of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement, drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Krasny Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Along with the organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and loyal to the party of Lenin and Stalin.

Before writing this statement to you and undertaking these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I will do the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be indicative farm for collective farmers in Belarus. Therefore, I am asking for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, about sending me to this job and granting the loan I am asking for.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.
Appendix:
1. Description of the collective farm "Red partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased credit.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, house number 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46 "

(1968-01-13 ) (72 years old) A place of death Affiliation

Russian empire Russian empire
USSR USSR

Years of service Rank

: incorrect or missing image

Commanded

Partisan detachment "Falcons"

Battles / wars Awards and prizes

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky(January 18 (), the village of Myshkovichi (now the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region) - January 13, in the same place) - an employee of the state security agencies of the USSR, one of the leaders of the partisan movement in Belarus. Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Hero of Socialist Labor ().

Biography

Born into a peasant family. Participated in the First World War as a non-commissioned officer.

In 1938 he was dismissed from military service in the state security organs for health reasons.

In 1939-1940 he worked as vice-rector for the economic part of the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied there as a student.

On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of K.P. Orlovsky (12 fighters) on one of the roads of the Baranovichi region attacked the convoy of the General Commissioner of Belarus Wiligelm Kube; as a result of the raid, Hauptcommissar Friedrich Fenz, SS Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed.

Orlovsky's detachment did not suffer losses; Orlovsky himself was seriously wounded. His right arm was amputated along the shoulder, on the left - 3 fingers and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%.

Having lost the ability to do military service in the state security organs due to disability, K.P. Orlovsky wrote a personal letter to I.V. , in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and made a promise to revive it and make it a millionaire collective farm. KP Orlovsky's request was satisfied by the USSR Government. Since January, KP Orlovsky was elected chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region. Under the leadership of the Oryol collective farm "Rassvet" became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.

In 1956-1961 he was a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee.

Memory

Awards

• Medal "Gold Star" No. 1720 (September 20, 1943).
• Medals.

see also

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Notes (edit)

Literature

• Borisov I. Man from the Legend: A Documentary Story / I. Borisov. - Minsk: Mastatskaya Literatura, 1991 .-- 335 p. ISBN 5-340-00231-4.
• Ponomarev, V.G. Rebellious heart / V.G. Ponomarev. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1970 .-- 159 p.
• Flowers I. The Story of Cyril Orlovsky. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1976 .-- 304 p. - 100,000 copies

Links

Heroes of the Country website.

• .

Guerrilla movement by regions of the USSR Partisan formations Guerrilla operations and raids Leaders and commanders partisan movement (Heroes of the Soviet Union) Partisan lands and zones miscellanea

An excerpt characterizing Orlovsky, Kirill Prokofievich

- Mitinka! And Mitinka! Ride you, Mitinka, to the Moscow region, - he turned to the manager who came to his call, - you jump to the Moscow region and now you will have to dress Maximka to the gardener corvee. Tell them to drag all the greenhouses here and wrap them up with felt. Yes, so that I have two hundred pots here by Friday.
Having given more and more orders, he went out to rest with the countess, but he remembered what was still needed, returned himself, returned the cook and the housekeeper, and again began to order. A light, manly gait was heard in the doorway, the clanking of spurs, and a handsome, ruddy, with a blackening mustache, apparently rested and groomed in a quiet life in Moscow, entered a young count.
- Oh, my brother! My head is spinning, ”said the old man, as if ashamed, smiling in front of his son. - If only you would help! We need more songwriters. I have music, but why should I call the gypsies? Your brothers in the military love it.
“Really, papa, I think Prince Bagration, when he was preparing for the Battle of Shengraben, was less bothering than you do now,” said the son, smiling.
The old count pretended to be angry. - Yes, you interpret, you try!
And the count turned to the cook, who with an intelligent and respectable face, observantly and affectionately looked at the father and son.
- What is the youth then, eh, Theoktist? - he said, - he laughs at our brother old men.
- Well, your Excellency, they only need to eat well, but how to collect and serve everything is none of their business.
- So, so, - the count shouted, and cheerfully grabbing his son by both hands, shouted: - So that's what, I got you! Take a pair of sledges now and go to Bezukhov, and tell him that the count, they say, Ilya Andreevich was sent to ask you for fresh strawberries and pineapples. You can't get it from anyone else. You don't, so you go in, tell the princesses, and from there, that's what, go to Razgulyai - Ipatka the coachman knows - find Ilyushka the gypsy there, that's what Count Orlov danced at that time, remember, in a white Cossackin, and bring him here to me.
- And bring him here with the gypsies? - asked Nikolay laughing. - Oh well!…
At this time, with inaudible steps, with a businesslike, anxious and at the same time Christianly meek air that never left her, Anna Mikhailovna entered the room. Despite the fact that every day Anna Mikhailovna found the count in a dressing gown, every time he was embarrassed in front of her and asked for an apology for his suit.
“Nothing, count, darling,” she said, meekly closing her eyes. “And I’ll go to the Bezukhoy,” she said. - Pierre has arrived, and now we will get everything, Count, from his greenhouses. I needed to see him. He sent me a letter from Boris. Thank God, Borya is now at the headquarters.
The count was delighted that Anna Mikhailovna was taking one part of his orders, and ordered her to lay the little carriage.
- You tell Bezukhov to come. I'll write it down. What is he with his wife? - he asked.
Anna Mikhailovna turned her eyes, and her face expressed deep sorrow ...
“Ah, my friend, he is very unhappy,” she said. “If it’s true what we heard, it’s awful. And did we think when we were so happy about his happiness! And such a tall, heavenly soul, this young Bezukhov! Yes, I feel sorry for him from the bottom of my heart and will try to give him the consolation that will depend on me.
- What is it? - asked both Rostov, senior and junior.
Anna Mikhailovna took a deep breath: “Dolokhov, Marya Ivanovna’s son,” she said in a mysterious whisper, “they say he completely compromised her. He took him out, invited him to his house in St. Petersburg, and now ... She came here, and this one rip her head off after her, ”Anna Mikhailovna said, wanting to express her sympathy to Pierre, but in involuntary intonations and a half smile showing sympathy, rip her head off, like she named Dolokhova. - They say that Pierre himself is completely heartbroken.
- Well, all the same tell him to come to the club - everything will dissipate. The feast will be a mountain.
The next day, March 3, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, 250 members of the English Club and 50 guests were waiting for dinner, the dear guest and hero of the Austrian campaign, Prince Bagration. At first, upon receiving news of the Battle of Austerlitz, Moscow was perplexed. At that time, the Russians were so accustomed to victories that, having received the news of the defeat, some simply did not believe, others were looking for explanations for such a strange event in some unusual reason. In the English club, where everything that was noble, had correct information and weight, in December, when news began to arrive, they did not say anything about the war and about the last battle, as if everyone had agreed to keep silent about it. People who gave direction to conversations, such as: Count Rostopchin, Prince Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky, Valuev, gr. Markov, book. Vyazemsky, did not show up in the club, but gathered at home, in their intimate circles, and Muscovites who spoke from other people's voices (to which Ilya Andreevich Rostov belonged) remained for a short time without a definite judgment about the war and without leaders. Muscovites felt that something was wrong and that it was difficult to discuss these bad news, and therefore it was better to remain silent. But after some time, as the jury left the deliberation room, the aces who gave their opinion in the club appeared, and everything began to speak clearly and definitely. The reasons were found for the incredible, unheard-of and impossible event that the Russians were beaten, and everything became clear, and in all corners of Moscow they spoke the same thing. These reasons were: the betrayal of the Austrians, the bad food of the troops, the betrayal of the Pole Pshebyshevsky and the Frenchman Lanzheron, the inability of Kutuzov, and (they said quietly) the youth and inexperience of the sovereign, who had entrusted himself to bad and insignificant people. But the troops, the Russian troops, everyone said, were extraordinary and performed miracles of courage. Soldiers, officers, generals - they were heroes. But the hero of the heroes was Prince Bagration, who became famous for his Shengraben affair and the retreat from Austerlitz, where he alone led his column undisturbed and fought off twice the strongest enemy all day. The fact that Bagration was chosen as a hero in Moscow was facilitated by the fact that he had no connections in Moscow and was a stranger. In his person, due honor was given to the military, simple, without connections and intrigues, Russian soldier, still associated with the memories of the Italian campaign with the name of Suvorov. In addition, in paying such honors to him, the dislike and disapproval of Kutuzov was best shown.
- If there were no Bagration, il faudrait l "inventer, [we ought to invent it.] - said the joker Shinshin, parodying Voltaire's words. Nobody spoke about Kutuzov, and some whispered him, calling him a court turntable and an old satire. Moscow repeated the words of Prince Dolgorukov: "sculpting, sculpting and stick around", consoled in our defeat by the recollection of previous victories, and Rostopchin repeated the words that French soldiers should be roused to battle with grandiloquent phrases, that one should reason logically with the Germans, convincing them that more dangerous to run than to go forward; but that the Russian soldiers should only be held back and asked: be quiet! New and new stories were heard from all sides about individual examples of courage shown by our soldiers and officers at Austerlitz. , that one loaded 5 cannons. They also talked about Berg, who did not know him, that he, wounded in his right hand, took a sword in his left and went forward. Nothing was said about Bolkonsky, and only But those who knew him closely regretted that he died early, leaving his pregnant wife and eccentric father.

“Nails would be made of these people:
There would be no stronger nails in the world "

Nikolay Tikhonov

A nail is a fastener,
used for fastening parts.

Wikipedia

There are such historical personalities, and Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky undoubtedly deserved this definition with his whole life and not only, and not so much for the feats he performed, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor, but, above all, for that the moral component, according to which it can be compared with the examples of moral staunchness and valor generally recognized by mankind.

Using his example, we will show how important the personal aspect is in process management and how conceptual authority can be realized.

On the conceptual power of ordinary people

The life of people does not proceed randomly, but always in line with certain concepts of the life of society in the continuity of generations. Concepts, representing the algorithms of self-government of society, can be realized by people in some of their fragments, but at the same time they remain outside their awareness as a whole, even in minimal detail. Nevertheless, they objectively exist, since every society is self-governing in some way, and information and moral standards, which together represent the algorithms of social self-government, are also objective.

And since ancient times there have been and are now people who turned out to be:

• able to perceive different concepts in some images,
  to understand each of them in more or less detail,
• to give preference to one of them according to their morally determined arbitrariness,
• to have an impact on their entire totality, possibly putting forward a new concept, thereby changing the further course of life in terms of their morally determined arbitrariness and understanding by the means available to them.

With the ultimate generalization of the concepts, there are only two: either in the mainstream of the formation of humanity on the planet, or in the mainstream of the formation of slavery up to overt Satanism.

Often, due to obsession with some ideas or tradition of religion, the individual considers the formation of humanity on the planet as a utopia, an unrealizable dream, and therefore, before the conscious will of the individual sets before the intellect the task of thinking about “conceptual power: myth or reality?”, Its unconscious levels psyches will block the rethinking of this topic and he will remain with the opinion:

What is conceptual power? - you have to live like everyone else: work, raise children, etc.

How do the notorious "everyone" live? Why do they live like this and not otherwise? Can they live differently and will a different way of life be more beneficial? - these questions either do not arise, or they scare you with the possibility of losing what you already have, without getting anything better in return. But as it shows historical experience, the unwillingness to deal with them in one form or another, due to the historical era, leads to the fact that people are deprived of what they have, receiving in return something even worse, which they begin to fight only when it gains strength instead of suppressing this negative in the embryo or put it in a state of impossibility of implementation, in advance putting forward an alternative concept of the life of society.

According to what we have said, under the term "conceptual power" we mean two mutually related phenomena:

• first, the power of self-government algorithms (concepts) over the life of society and over the life of each of the people who are a member of this society;
• secondly, the intrasocial power of those people who turn out to be able to realize more or less in detail the concepts dominating over society and to exert, according to their morally determined arbitrariness, a consciously expedient impact on the whole set of concepts, eliminating the influence of some and giving power to the algorithms of others, by agreeing with them , first of all, their own behavior and connecting with them the psyche of others.

If a person has certain personal qualities, observation, knowledge and skills, thinks about the relationships in the life of the people around him, who make up society, then as a result, he has the full function of controlling the flow of a certain set of events, the channel of which he himself builds in the direction he has chosen. and in line with which he acts. This complete control function, in turn, turns out to be a component in some encompassing set of the course of events, which either supports it or suppresses it. This encompassing collection of events can also represent a process of management (or self-government) over a full function.

Accordingly, true democracy is possible only in a society where the working majority is conceptually powerful in a sincere desire to stay in the mainstream of the formation of humanity (in other words, Divine Providence), which excludes the possibility of abuse of conceptually powerful egoists and their corporations, which are a degrading minority, in relation to the majority. ...

And we want to tell you about one such person who showed conceptual authority and whose activity in the full management function was built into the encompassing full function management of another manager from God in our country.

About valor, about exploits, about glory ...

But first about the deeds.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - the son of a peasant in the difficult years of the revolution and the civil war, quickly determined his position in life - became an active supporter of the state of workers and peasants and did not turn away from this path any more. Already in June 1918, by the way, in the same year he joined the CPSU (b), on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that operated against the German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he served in the Bobruisk Cheka. In 1920-1925 he led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through the "active intelligence" Intelligence Directorate Red Army. Partisans led by his detachments carried out several dozen military operations, including: three passenger trains were stopped, a railway bridge was blown up, two railway stations, three townships, several landowners' estates were occupied, over 100 gendarmes and landowners were destroyed.

Since 1925 he served in the state security organs. In 1936 - the head of a construction site on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal (that is, an employee of the GULAG). In 1937 - 1938 he performed combat missions during the Spanish Civil War. He headed sabotage and reconnaissance groups, at the head of one of them he made a long 800-kilometer raid on the enemy's rear, which was assessed by the republican command as "unparalleled." During one of the fights with the Francoists, he received a severe concussion of the spine from a close burst of a grenade.

For health reasons, in 1938 he was dismissed from military service in the state security bodies, and in 1939 - 1940 he worked as vice-rector for the economic department of the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied (at the age of 45) there as a student (!).

In July 1940 he was reinstated in the service in the state security organs. Since March 1941, he has been serving in Xinjiang (China) on a special mission, where he is organizing intelligence work under cover.

During the Great Patriotic War, after numerous personal requests in 1942, he was included in the Special Group of the NKVD, and from October 1942 to August 1943 he successfully led a large partisan detachment "Falcons" operating in the Baranovichi region.

On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky (12 fighters) attacked a fascist convoy on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. As a result of the raid, Hauptcommissar Friedrich Fenz, SS Obergruppenfuehrer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Orlovsky's detachment did not suffer losses; Orlovsky himself was seriously wounded. His right arm was amputated along the shoulder, on the left - 4 fingers and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%.

In August 1943 he was recalled to Moscow and sent for passage further service in the NKGB of the Byelorussian SSR.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders.

Having lost the ability to pass full-fledged military service in the state security organs due to disability, Orlovsky sent a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and promised to take him to the front line.

Letter

This statement was labeled "Top Secret", since it contained information about the operational activities of the state security organs, clearly not intended to be ever published, written just three days after Minsk was liberated, when they were still going battles near Slonim, Baranovichi, and in Berlin they discussed plans for a counterstrike from East Prussia in the direction of Grodno - Minsk, tells about the man who wrote it more than whole volumes of books, or we can bring in this short article. We will accompany the text of the letter with inserts explaining the essence of Orlovsky's conceptual authority over the full management function.

Moscow, the Kremlin, to Comrade Stalin.

From the Hero of the Soviet Union
Lieutenant Colonel of State Security

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.

Statement.

Dear Comrade Stalin!

Allow me to hold your attention for a few minutes, express your thoughts, feelings and aspirations to you.

I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant.

Until 1915 he worked and studied in his agriculture, in the village of Myshkovichi.

From 1915 to 1918 he served in the tsarist army as the commander of a sapper platoon.

From 1918 to 1925 he worked in the rear of the German occupiers, White Poles and Belolitians as the commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups. At the same time, he fought for four months on the Western Front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich, and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Commanding Course.

From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the peoples of the West.

From 1930 to 1936 he worked in a special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage and partisan personnel in case of a war with the Nazi invaders in Belarus.

1936 worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of a construction site.

The entire 1937 was on a business trip in Spain, where he fought in the rear of the fascist troops as the commander of a sabotage and partisan group.

1939 - 1940 he worked and studied at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute.

1941 was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the deep rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.

Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was fortunate enough to work in the rear of the enemies of the USSR for 8 years as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border more than 70 times, carry out government assignments, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union as in a military , and in peacetime, for which the Government of the USSR awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. I have no party penalties.

On the night of February 17, 1943, intelligence intelligence brought me information that on 17 / II-43 on one of the roads of the Baranovichi region, Wilhelm Kube (General Commissioner of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (Commissioner of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.

At that time, I had only 12 of my soldiers, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. During the day, in an open area, on the road, it was quite risky to attack the enemy, butit was not in my nature to miss a major fascist reptile , and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage coats to the road itself, laid them in a chain and camouflaged them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to pass.

Everyone is responsible for their actions, first of all, before their own conscience. And there are few people who will just as selflessly fulfill their duty to her.

For twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and wait patiently ...

At six o'clock in the evening, an enemy transport appeared from behind the hillock, and when the carts were level with our chain, our machine-gun fire was opened at my signal, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.

My comrades calmly took away all the fascist weapons and documents, took off their best clothes and in an organized way went into the forest, to their base.

There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and contused, as a result of which my right arm was amputated along the shoulder, 4 fingers on the left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. In the same place, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I became physically stronger and in August 1943 I was called to Moscow by a radiogram.

Thanks to the People's Commissar for State Security Comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov .

The party of Lenin-Stalin raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?

Full control function- a hierarchically ordered sequence of actions of different quality, including:

1. Recognition of the environmental factor that causes the need for control in the subject who is faced with it.
2. Formation of a set of characteristics that allows you to recognize this factor in the future.
3. Formation of a vector of management goals in relation to a given factor and the introduction of this vector of goals into the general vector of goals of one's behavior (self-government).
4. Formation of the target function (concept) of management based on the solution of the problem of stability in the sense of predictability of behavior.
5. Organization of a purposeful management structure carrying a targeted management function.
6. Control (observation and correction) over the activities of the structure in the process of management carried out by it.
7. Its elimination in case of uselessness or maintenance in a working condition until the next use.

Items 1 and 7 are always present in the complete control function.

At the same time, the ability to identify environmental factors that cause the need for control, as happened with Orlovsky, is one of the most important human ability to discriminate. The Qur'an reports this ability as follows:

O you who have believed! If you will be careful not to anger God (translation variant: if you revere God), He will give you Discernment and cleanse you of your evil deeds and forgive you. Truly, God is the owner of great mercy! " - 8:29.

As a result of discrimination in a person's consciousness, a certain object, a process is revealed against the background surrounding him (“This” against the background of “Not this”), and his relationship with other objects and processes can be comprehended and repeatedly rethought. If there is no distinction, then the object, the process cannot be identified, appears invisible, as well as non-existent, and the subject, with all the desire, cannot organize control in relation to him.

The emerging need for control is expressed in the disappearance of psychological comfort - the distinguished factor begins to put pressure on the psyche. So Orlovsky described this state of his with the words:

... financially I live very well. Morally - bad .

... did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?

After that, goals are developed in relation to the factor pressing on the psyche.

To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful work.

Along with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted all my time to working on agricultural literature .

From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a thorough look at this business and fell in love with it.

My stay at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

It is also striking that, while working in the authorities, Orlovsky thought not only about his current professional activity, but about the future - what he would and could do “in civilian life”. That is, he developed himself in different directions, not confining himself to one "bread profession".

If the USSR Government issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in commodity terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the percentage of milk fat.
2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 receive no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70-80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will planted an orchard on a hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:

shed for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
barn for young cattle number 2 - 620 sq. m;
barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
granary for 950 tons of grain;
shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
power plant, with it a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
mechanical and carpentry workshop - 320 sq. m;
garage for 7 cars;
petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
bakery - 75 sq. m;
bath - 98 sq. m;
a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
kindergarten house - 180 sq. m;
barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;

By the efforts of the collective farmers and at the expense of the collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement, drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;

artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Krasny Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Along with the organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and loyal to the party of Lenin-Stalin people.

After reading this request letter, any manager may have a question: “Well, okay, but how are you going to achieve all this? "

The point is that probabilistic predetermination the future in general is always exactly 1 (one). The future in general there will always be, but which of its variants will come is not defined. Therefore, one can imagine that 1.0 is on one side of the scales - the probabilistic predetermination of a definitely unknown future in general, then on the other side of the scales there should be a lot of more or less detailed, distinctly distinguishable from one another variants of this future in general, each of which can be chosen as a vector of goals management.

The probability of any of these different variants of the future is always less than the probabilistic predetermination of the future in general, then it is equal to 1 (one).

A life- This is the practice of unambiguous implementation of such multiple probabilistic predetermines, expressing themselves in the accomplished statistics.

Both the mathematical theory of probability and mathematical statistics - being an idealized model of the practice of implementing probabilistic predetermines, either excludes the subjectivity of management from consideration, or includes private statistics of the subjectivity of managers, which describes the process along with other private statistics.

But both so and so, although in different ways, the aspect of managerial capacity a specific person falls out of consideration of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics(which is actively substantiated today by any management decisions). The process of realizing probabilistic predetermines is always concrete.

The management process for its full function has individual originality, since management is conditioned by the personality of the manager.

Statistical methods do not answer the questions: who personally and why falls into one statistics and drops out of another? They do not care who it is: the result and its "weight" in statistics are important, and not personally those who achieved it. In the practice of realizing probabilistic predetermines in control tasks, it is the personality that carries in itself various possibilities or impossibility of implementing this or that event.

Figuratively speaking, in control tasks for the full function:

"Probabilistic predetermination of the event's implementation" = "the mathematical probability of the event's self-fulfillment" * "the personality of a manager as a carrier of certain capabilities."

That is, the likelihood is impersonal, and the probabilistic predetermination always has personal concreteness, personally conditioned originality. And one and the same person can fit into one statistics and probabilistic-statistical models, and fall out of others.

That is why Orlovsky makes a rather long introduction about his previous achievements, describing in detail, among other things, the managerial experience of leading a detachment during individual operations, in order to show his managerial competence and ability to solve non-standard situations in unusual circumstances. If it were just a letter asking for money and promises, then Stalin would hardly have satisfied this request. Although, of course, there was a risk that Orlovsky would not cope with new processes for him. After all, one thing is assurances, and another is the practice of implementation, even if everything is thought and changed many times. After all, there is also a personal aspect, and not only of the manager himself who has undertaken this or that work, but also of his subordinates, who can also sabotage the general activity.

Before writing this statement to you and taking upon myself these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I will do the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be indicative farm for collective farmers in Belarus. Therefore, I am asking for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, about sending me to this job and granting the loan I am asking for.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.

Appendix:

Description of the collective farm "Krasny partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
The estimate of the purchased credit.

Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.

K.P.'s request Orlovsky was satisfied. The implementation of this small-scale collective farm project fit into the general concept of Stalin's management, fit into his full management function, since it was on such people that he relied in his activities.

It was these people who made the Stalinist Soviet Union the second superpower in the world.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky in January 1945 was elected chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" (the former "Red Partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region, which he headed for 23 years.

Under his leadership, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.

K.P. Orlovsky at the construction of a stable. 1950 year

In 1958 K.P. Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle medal. In general, for military and labor merits, he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals.

The most important thing

Even a simple acquaintance with the biography of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky seems to dot the i's, and every sane person has no doubts that we are facing a Man with a capital letter. And there is also a moral component, which, in our opinion, is the most important for understanding such people "whom we should take as models." After all, it was the morality of this manager that ensured the implementation of a very small possible probability of realizing the future - so that the destroyed collective farm (on the territory of Belarus most affected by the Nazis) would become the first millionaire collective farm among all collective farms in the USSR.

Here is how Kirill Prokofievich himself explained his actions:

The reader of this short report may think that I have made a heroic campaign with the group, spent a lot of energy with incredible tension of the nerves, that as soon as I could withstand a broken spine, rheumatism in the joints of the legs and at the age of 43 I could overcome this path and all his difficulties? Yes, the difficulties, the expenditure of energy and the tension of the nerves are incredibly great ... I overcame all this thanks to unlimited hatred for the enemies of the people, the fascists, and love for my work, for my profession (emphasis added when quoting).

I ask for your order to send me to the rear of the German fascist troops for Red partisan and sabotage work, where I can bring incomparably more benefits in protecting the socialist fatherland ... if you send me, then I will give all my thoughts, feelings, heart and will be just like first, to smash the sworn enemy of humanity, the German fascists ... (emphasized by us when quoting).

... from 1918 to 1943 I was lucky enough to work in the rear of the enemies of the USSR for 8 years(emphasized by us when quoting) as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border more than 70 times, carry out government assignments, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union ...

…financially I live very well. Morally - bad(emphasized by us when citing). The party of Lenin-Stalin raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party? To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work ...

Before writing this statement to you and taking upon myself these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work (highlighted by us when citing), I came to the deep conviction that I will perform the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland. ...

I am certainly not an angel. Probably wrong(it is highlighted by us when quoting), but subjectivism is alien to me and disgusting. I would despise myself for such shameful behavior.

Note that his words correspond to his deeds. And his deeds are highly moral, well-behaved. We will not recall all of his exploits, we will just give one specific example. When there was not enough money for the construction of the school, K.P. Orlovsky took off all his savings - 200 thousand - from his book and invested them in construction.

But what do the dry lines of award sheets and service characteristics say about him, but ordinary people who knew him from work and life:

Lecturer at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute G.M. Udovin:

I have never met a better vice-rector for economic affairs. He was a man of his word, always fulfilling his duties.

Old collective farmer Daria Ivanovna:

We all remember him like yesterday. Indeed, in everyone's life he(emphasized by us when citing).

Conclusion

But now is the time for us to ask - just honestly - ourselves:

And have I done everything to, well, let not in the life of everyone, but at least one person to remain in the memory of a person with a capital letter?

It is precisely for this question and everyone's search for an answer to it conscientiously that we have prepared this material.

Born into a peasant family. Participated in the First World War as a non-commissioned officer.

In June 1918, on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that operated against the German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he worked in the Bobruisk Cheka, then graduated from the command staff courses. In 1920-1925. led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through the "active reconnaissance" of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army. Under his leadership, dozens of military operations were carried out, as a result of which over 100 gendarmes and landowners were killed.

Later he graduated from the Communist University of National Minorities of the West named after Markhlevsky (1930).

In 1925-1937 he worked in the bodies of the GPU (then the NKVD) of Belarus, the head of the GULAG section on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal, the head of the section. In 1937-1938 he performed combat missions during the Spanish Civil War, then worked in the NKVD of the USSR. In 1939-1940 he studied at the Agricultural Institute.

From October 1942 to August 1943 he successfully led a large partisan detachment "Falcons" operating in the Baranovichi region.

On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of K.P. Orlovsky. (12 soldiers) on one of the roads of the Baranovichi region made a daring raid on the convoy of the fascist General Commissioner of Belarus Wiligelm Kube; as a result of the raid, the fascist commissar of three regions of Belarus Friedrich Fens, SS Obergruppenfuehrer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were destroyed. Detachment of Orlovsky K.P. suffered no losses; Orlovsky himself K.P. was wounded and as a result lost both hands and lost 3/4 of his hearing. Orlovsky K.P. continued to lead the detachment until the withdrawal to a safe place.

Hero of the Soviet Union (September 20, 1943). Having lost the ability to personally actively participate in the work of the state security bodies due to disability, Orlovsky K.P. addressed a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and gave a promise to revive it and make it a millionaire collective farm. In the letter Orlovsky K.V. wrote:
Thanks to the People's Commissar for State Security Comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I am living very well financially. Morally - bad.
The Lenin-Stalin party brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted all my time to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a thorough look at this business and fell in love with it.
My stay at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the USSR Government issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in commodity terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the percentage of milk fat.
2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July of this year there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. Collective farm forces in 1950 will planted a hundred hectares of orchard in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
1) shed for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) a barn for young livestock No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
8) a power plant, with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) kindergarten house - 180 sq. m;
16) a barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the forces of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement, drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Krasny Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Along with the organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and loyal to the party of Lenin and Stalin.

Before writing this statement to you and undertaking these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I will do the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be indicative farm for collective farmers in Belarus. Therefore, I am asking for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, about sending me to this job and granting the loan I am asking for.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.
Appendix:
1. Description of the collective farm "Red partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased credit.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, house number 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46 "

Orlovsky K.P.'s request was satisfied by the Government of the USSR. Since January 1945 Orlovsky K.P. was elected chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.

Under the leadership of Orlovsky K.P. The Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.

He died on January 13, 1968. Buried in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirovsky district, Mogilev region, Belarus.

Memory

• It is the prototype for the protagonist of the film "The Chairman" and the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls" by E. Hemingway - Robert Jordan.
• In his homeland, a bronze bust of the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor has been installed and a museum has been opened.
• The streets of the cities of Belarus are named after him - in Mogilev, Bobruisk and Kletsk.
• The collective farm "Rassvet" and the school in Kirovsk are named after him.

Awards

• By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943 for courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kirill Prokofievich Oryol was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 1720).
• By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 18, 1958, Kirill Prokofievich Oryol was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
• Five Orders of Lenin.
• Order of the Red Banner.
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
• Medals.