Verb is an independent significant part of speech, denoting an action ( read), condition ( get sick), property ( limp), the ratio ( dress), sign ( whiten).
Indefinite verb (infinitive)
The initial form of a verb is its indefinite form, or infinitive.
The infinitive verb answers the questions what to do? or what to do? and only has persistent signs of transience (read- crossover, sleep- non-trans.), recurrence (wash - wash) and of the kind (solve- nonsov. view, decide- owls. view).
The infinitive can be any member of a sentence: subject ( Learning will always come in handy), predicate ( Begreat storm!), addition ( Everybody asked hersing), the definition ( I got an irresistible desiresleep), circumstance ( I wentwalk).
Transitivity / intransitivity of a verb
Transitivity - the ability of a verb to control a noun with the meaning of an object in V. p. without a preposition ( read books). When negated, the form of the V. p. Changes to the R. p. (Do not read books); To transitional also includes verbs that join the R. n., combining the meaning of the object and quantity ( drink water). Verbs that can manipulate nouns in these forms are called transitive.
TO intransitive the rest of the verbs ( lie), including verbs, which are sometimes called indirectly transitive, - joining a noun with the meaning of an object in V. p. with a preposition or in another case with or without a preposition run a factory), as well as verbs like to want: in construction I want ice cream omitted infinitive: I want to eat ice cream.
Return / irrevocability
Returnable verbs with a word-forming suffix are called - Xia : learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sy ( cook prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence ( to be afraid, proud, lazy, hope, like, laugh, doubt and etc.).
Reflexive verbs can convey the following meanings:
1) the subject's action is directed at himself: wash, comb, tune in, humiliate; these verbs can usually be reconstructed from themselves;
2) actions of several subjects directed at each other, each of which is both a subject and an object of a similar action: make up, meet, kiss;
3) the action is performed by the subject in his own interests: build up(build a house for yourself), fit(pack your things); it is possible to rebuild in a design with for yourself, yourself;
4) the action of the subject, closed in the sphere of his state: worry, rejoice, get angry, have fun; worry;
5) potential active trait of the subject: dog bites(may bite);
6) potential passive object attribute: glass beats(may crash);
7) impersonality - like it, unhealthy, dusk.
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be shy mom.
View as a morphological feature of a verb
View - a constant morphological feature of the verb, generally indicating the nature of the course of action or the distribution of action in time.
All verbs have a specific characteristic - refer to perfect mind (SV) or imperfect mind (NSV).
The SV verbs answer in the infinitive the question what to do? and denote a completed action (read) or an action that has reached a certain limit ( lose weight).
These verbs describe action as fact ( Autumn has come, the leaves have turned yellow and opal and.). Very rarely, mainly in colloquial speech, CB verbs can denote a fact as an example of a repetitive action ( It happens to him: he stops and thinks).
The NSV verbs answer in the infinitive the question what to do? and do not indicate a completed action ( read) action that has reached a certain limit ( lose weight).
The scope of the use of the NSV verbs is wider than the SV verbs: the NSV verbs denote an action as a process ( Late autumn was approaching, the leaves quickly turned yellow and fell off), repeated action ( He sometimes stops and thinks), constant ratio ( Parallel lines do not intersect). In a situation where the fact of an action is indicated, and not the nature of its course, the verb NSV can be used synonymously with the verb SV; Wed: I have already read this book = I have already read this book.
Most of the non-derivative verbs of the Russian language have the characteristic NSV ( read, change, shout). For the formation of SV verbs from them, it is necessary to add the prefix ( read re-read), prefix and suffix ( change s-me-and-t) or the suffix -н-with the value of singularity ( scream scream-well).
There is no change in the species characteristics only in 17 verbs of multidirectional movement when a prefix with a spatial meaning is added to them, for example : fly y-fly.
Two verbs that differ only in specific meaning (completeness of an action, reaching a limit by an action) make up species pair : do - do, read - read.
In most verbs, the prefix, in addition to the specific meaning, also introduces another additional semantic component: incipient ( sing for-sing), softening ( ache ache), intensity ( beat from beat) and etc.
If we add the suffixes -iva - / - iva-, -va-, -a- to the verb SV, then the verb НСВ is formed from them: reread reread, beat, beat, decide... These suffixes, as a rule, bring only a specific meaning (incomplete action, lack of reaching the limit). When these suffixes are added, species pairs are formed; exceptions are few (see, for example, getting lost is a delusion).
Some verbs have adjectives (formed from a different stem) species pairs: to speak - to say... In some cases, verbs in a pair of species differ externally only by the place of stress ( open - cut).
Usually the species pair is one ( do - do, re-read - re-read), but in some cases one SV verb can have two species pairs formed at both stages of speciation: weaken - o-weaken - weaken-wa-t.
The species pair can be different for different meanings of one verb:
learn (what) - learn,
teach (whom) - teach.
In Russian there is two-species verbs: they acquire the meaning of the species in the context. These are verbs execute, marry, baptize, promise(Yesterday he finally got married - SV. - He got married several times - NSV), the verbs in-to: wire, operate(He was telegraphed weekly about the success of the enterprise - NSV - He decided to wire about his arrival - SV).
In the Russian language there are verbs that do not participate in speciation, since their meaning is alien to the description of the course of an action: they denote not an action, but a fact ( cost, have- NSV) or an instant transition from one state to another (cry out, wake up - SV).
Inclination as a morphological feature of a verb
Mood - a fickle morphological feature of the verb, presented in conjugated forms of the verb and expressing the opposition of the forms of the indicative, imperative and subjunctive moods the relation of action to reality.
Indicative expresses real action in the past, present or future. The verb in the indicative mood changes over tenses ( I write - I wrote - I will write).
Imperative mood (imperative) expresses a motivation for action in the form of a request or order. The verb in the imperative mood does not change over tenses.
Forms of the imperative mood are mainly formed from the stem of the present tense with the suffix -and or without the suffix. The zero ending is an indicator of the singular form, and the ending - those forms the plural form ( run-and-run-and-cut, cut-cut).
Conditional (subjunctive) mood denotes an action that is possible under certain conditions, as well as the condition itself. The conditional mood is formed by joining the shape of the particle coinciding with the past tense: If would he came, we went would to the cinema.
Time as a morphological feature of a verb
Time - a fickle sign of a verb, denoting the time of the action in relation to the moment of speaking about it.
In Russian, the conjugated forms of the verb have three tenses: past, present and future .
Past tense denotes the precedence of an action to the moment of speaking about it. At the same time, the very moment of speech (speech-thinking activity) can be located not only in the present ( I am late.), but also in the past ( I realized I was late.) or future ( He will come again ahead of schedule and will say that I am late.).
When forming the forms of the past tense, the suffix is used - л- ( see - see-l).
Present time only NSV has. It is formally expressed by the personal endings of the verb ( carry-eat, carry-eat, carry-eat, carry-eat, carry-ut).
Present time can denote an action that occurs at the time of speech. Moreover, the very moment of speech can be located not only in the present ( He walks ahead of me.), but also in the past ( He thought he was walking ahead of me) or future ( He will run forward again, but he will think that he is walking only a little ahead of me.).
In addition, the present can mean:
1) constant relationship: Volga flows into the Caspian Sea.
2) repetitive action: He always studies in the library.
3) potential sign: Some dogs bite.
Future denotes an action that will take place after the moment of speech about it ( I'll go to the cinema in the evening / Yesterday morning I thought that I would go to the cinema in the evening, but I couldn't).
The future tense is present in both the NSV verbs and the SV verbs, but it is expressed differently. The NSV verbs have composite future tense : conjugated form of the verb be + infinitive ( I will read), in SV verbs the future tense is expressed by personal endings ( read).
The forms of tense can be used figuratively.
Present time can be used:
1) in the sense of the future:
a) the action is perceived as mandatory and real: Tomorrow I'm going to the dacha;
b) the present of imaginary action: Imagine: you meet him on the street, but he does not notice you;
2) in the meaning of the past (for figurative actualization of events): I walked down the street yesterday and I see ...
Past tense can be used:
1) in the meaning of the future predetermined: Well i went;
2) in the meaning of the present when denied: He was always like this: he saw nothing, heard nothing.
Future can be used figuratively in the meaning of the present: Something I can't find the newspaper.
The face as a morphological feature of the verb. Impersonal verbs
Verbs in the present and future tense indicative and in the imperative mood have a variable morphological sign faces .
The face indicates the manufacturer of the action.
1 person shape indicates that the producer of the action is the speaker (alone or with a group of persons): go go.
2 person shape indicates that the producer of the action is the listener / listeners: go, go, go, go.
3 person shape indicates that the action is carried out by persons not participating in the dialogue, or by objects: go, go, let go / go.
From the point of view of relation to the morphological category of a person, verbs can be divided into personal and impersonal .
Personal Verbs denote actions that have a producer, and can act as predicates of two-part sentences (I sick).
Impersonal Verbs denote an action that does not have a manufacturer ( Dusk), or an action that is thought of as happening against the will of the subject (I unwell). These are states of nature ( It is getting dark), a person (Me chills) or a subjective assessment of the situation ( I want to believe it). Impersonal verbs cannot be predicates of two-part sentences and act as the main member of a one-part impersonal sentence.
In the indicative mood, the morphological sign of a person is expressed by personal endings and, if there is a subject in a sentence, it is a concordant category: personal pronouns I and we require the verb to be put in the form of 1 person, personal pronouns you and you require the verb to be put in 2 person, the rest of the pronouns and all nouns, as well as words that act as a noun, require the use of a verb in the form of a third person.
Conjugation
Conjugation - this is a change in the verb for persons and numbers .
The endings of the present / simple future tense are called personal endings of the verb (since they also transmit the meaning of the person).
Verbs I conjugations have endings - eat, -no, -em, -e, -ut (-yut).
II conjugation verbs have endings - see, -it, -im, -it, -at (-yat).
If the personal endings of the verb are stressed, then the conjugation is determined by the endings. So, the verb sleep refers to the II conjugation ( h-ish), and the verb drink - to the I conjugation ( drink-eat). To the same conjugation are derived from them prefixed verbs with unstressed endings ( drink-eat).
If the endings are unstressed, then the conjugation is determined by the form of the verb infinitive: all verbs in -it are related to the II conjugation, except shave, lay, lean, as well as 11 exceptions: 7 verbs ending in -et ( watch, see, endure, twirl, depend, hate, offend) and 4 verbs in -at ( hear, breathe, drive, hold). The rest of the verbs refer to I conjugation.
In Russian, there are verbs in which some of the personal endings refer to the first conjugation, and some to the second. Such verbs are called multi-conjugate. This want, run, honor and all the verbs formed from the above.
Verb to want has endings of I conjugation in all singular forms. numbers and endings of II conjugation in all plural forms. numbers.
Verb run away has the endings of II conjugation in all forms, except for 3 persons pl. numbers where it has the ending I conjugation.
Verb honor can either be multi-conjugate, or refer to the II conjugation, which depends on the form of the 3rd person of the plural. numbers honor / honor.
In addition, there are verbs, some of the personal endings of which are not represented in either I or II conjugations. Such verbs have a special conjugation. This is to give and all educated from them ( eat, pass), as well as verbs related to origin data ( get bored, create).
Most verbs have all possible face and number forms, but there are also verbs that do not have at all or are usually not used in one form or another. So, for verbs win, find yourself, weird there are no forms of 1 person unit. numbers, for verbs crowd, group, scatter forms of unit are not used. numbers, for verbs foal, crystallize- Forms 1 and 2 faces.
Genus. Number. The relationship of verb categories
Genus a verb is an inflectional morphological characteristic of such verb forms as the past tense singular of the indicative mood, the singular conditional mood, the participial forms. The generic characteristic of the verb serves to reconcile the verb with nouns and pronouns and is an extra-word indicator of their generic characteristics (Boy came- Girl came-a). The neuter gender can also indicate the impersonality of the verb ( Evening-O).
Number - morphological characteristics inherent in all verb forms. The number of the verb serves to reconcile verb forms with a noun or pronoun noun ( Came Human - Came-and people). The plural of a verb in a one-part sentence indicates the ambiguity of the subject (At the door knocking), and the only thing can indicate impersonality (Me chills).
Morphological analysis of the verb
The infinitive form is parsed according to the following plan:
I. Part of speech. Overall value. Initial form (infinitive).
II. Morphological signs. Permanent signs: a) species; b) transitivity; c) repayment; d) conjugation. Irregular signs: a) mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive); b) time (if any); c) number; d) person (if any); e) genus (if any).III. Syntactic role.
Sample morphological analysis of the verb.
- He needs to be warned.
- Don't, - said Balaganov, - let him know another time how to break the convention.
- What kind of convention is this?
- Wait, then I'll tell you. Entered, entered! (I. Ilf and E. Petrov)
I. To warn (what to do?) - vl., Chief. form caution.
II. Permanent signs: transition., Non-return., SV, I sp .;
non-permanent signs: in the form of an infinitive.
III. (What to do?) You need to warn (predicate).
I. Let him know (what is he doing?) - vb., Chief. form to know.
II. Permanent signs: crossover, non-return, NSV, I spr .;
fickle signs: will command. nakl., 3rd person, units. number.
III. (What does it do?) Let the (predicate) know.
I. To violate (what to do?) - also., Chief. form violate
II. Permanent signs: transition., Non-return., NSV, I spr .;
non-permanent signs: in the form of an infinitive
III. (What to do?) Violate (predicate).
I. Wait (what do you do?) - vb., Chief. form wait.
II. Permanent signs: crossover, non-return, CB, I sp .;
inconsistent signs: in led. nakl., 2 persons, pl. number.
III. (Do what?) Wait (predicate).
I. He entered (what did he do?) - also known as chief. login form.
II. Permanent signs: non-transition., Non-return., CB, I sp .;
unstable signs: in seizure. nakl., pr. r., husband. kind, units number.
III. (What did you do?) Entered (predicate).
The infinitive is the initial meaning of the verb. The peculiarity of the infinitive is that it denotes only a pure action, not tied to the person who performs it, does not indicate whether one or more persons perform the action, and also does not give an idea of the time of the action. That is, the infinitive has no definiteness of the past, present or future tense.
This part of speech is also called the "indefinite form of the verb", because it does not characterize any details of the action being performed, revealing only its original meaning. Latin word infintus from which this term originated can be translated as "uncertain".
Indefinite verb form: rules and examples
The infinitive can only answer questions:
- "What to do?";
- "What to do?".
It is impossible, for example, to ask "Doing what?""What is he doing?","What are we doing?""What are they doing?""What you are doing?","What did you do?""What will you do?", since the infinitive is the indefinite form of the verb. The timing and face remain unclear, and no reference is given to the details of what is happening.
Infinitive suffixes
The infinitive ends with word-forming suffixes:
- - to give birth, grow up, die;
- -ch, - to protect, burn, whip;
- - to carry, grow, row.
It can also be supplemented with a postfix. -sia (-sia), by which we can judge which indefinite form of the verb is irreversible and which is reversible:
-s (-sia) - toil, pray, beware.
Infinitive features
An infinitive is a form of a verb that always remains unchanged. It cannot be conjugated, represented in a different tense or person. Infinitives can only have constant verb features that are present in any verbs, regardless of their form. These features include transitivity / intransition, recurrence / irreversibility, and perfection / imperfection.
Transitional and intransitive infinitives
The transitivity of a verb is determined in accordance with the presence of an additional word of the indefinite form of the verb, denoting an object or phenomenon to which the action is partially transferred. Intransitive verbs consist of a single word that directly denotes an action. The transitional infinitive can include:
- nouns or accusative pronouns without a preposition: make an injection, thread;
- nouns in the genitive case, without a preposition, which express the share of something, or participation: wait for trouble, pour water;
- nouns or pronouns in the genitive case, if the verb has a negative expression: not be able to ignore them.
Thus, these words are part of the verb, filling it with meaning, and without them the essence of the action is lost. Part of the action, in turn, passes on to an object or circumstance, giving it a specific semantic load.
Returnable and non-returnable infinitives
The indefinite form of the verb can also be reflexive and non-reflexive. Irretrievable verbs express an action performed by someone or something in relation to someone and something. Reflexive express an action directed by someone or something towards itself, or mean another other closed interaction or state of an object and have a postfix at the end -sya (sm)... On the -sya the reflexive indefinite form of the verb usually ends. The rule says that reflexive verbs cannot be transitive.
Examples of non-returnable infinitives: put on, lower, peep... Examples of reflexive infinitives: dress, get down, sneak.
As we can see from the above examples, some reflexive verbs can be obtained from non-reflexive ones by simply adding a postfix -sya(as in the case of a couple " lower-lower-lower "). This changes only the direction of action, but the general meaning remains. In rare cases, according to the rules and norms for the use of verbs, it is impossible to use a verb in both its word forms - perfect and imperfect, as, for example, it is unacceptable for "to put on" the reflexive indefinite form of the verb (example " put on, put on "). "Put on" denotes an action performed in relation to an object or person, while "dress" can refer exclusively to the very object performing the action (it can be used in other word forms, but provided that this return value is preserved) ... Despite the fact that such a limited in use infinite form of the verb is rarely found, the rule remains the rule. Also, from some imperfect forms of verbs, we will not be able to compose a perfect one, based on their key meaning, which we can see on the example of the verb "to peep" is not possible peep for yourself. By the same principle, in the Russian language there is no imperfect form of the verb "to sneak" - you cannot " sneak"anything.
Perfect and imperfect infinitives
Infinitives can also be of perfect and imperfect form. The indefinite form of the imperfect verb expresses actions that continue in time and do not have a specific binding - these are, as it were, eternal actions, and without additional indications in the context, it does not give us an idea of the completeness or incompleteness of the action. The question will be pertinent here "What to do?"... Examples:
Perfective infinitives indicate that the action has already been performed, or will certainly be performed, that the result already exists, or will still be (of course, in cases of negation or question, it can have a relatively indefinite coloration). The question will be pertinent here "What to do?"... Examples:
- After reading the note, it should have been burned.
- Thank me for not having to burn this note.
- Were you instructed to burn the note?
Only a small number of dual infinitives contain the Russian language. The indefinite form of the verb, which refers simultaneously to both the perfect form and the imperfect one, can be used this way and that, depending on the environment, without changing its word form. That is, she also answers the question "What to do?", and to the question "What to do?"... Examples:
- An order has been received to execute all traitors in the future. - "What to do?";
- An order was received to execute the traitor. - "What to do?";
- In the village, they used to marry girls quickly. - "What to do?";
- By the fall, Martha managed to marry all her girls. - "What to do?";
- It's hard to tell your heart. - "What to do?"
- How to tell your heart not to love? - "What to do?"
- It is very interesting to explore the caves, but at the same time it is dangerous. - "What to do?"
- Tomorrow we have to explore these caves. - "What to do?"
- You can attack them from any direction while I smash them head-on. - "What to do?"
- You will have to attack them from the right, and I will come in from the flank. - "What to do?"
Conjugation of verbs
The conjugation of verbs reflects their change in accordance with the person and number. Although the infinitives themselves cannot have persons, numbers or gender, and, therefore, cannot be conjugated, they nevertheless serve as a derivational basis for other verbs, therefore they are attributed to any of the two verb groups by the conjugation type - either to I , or to II. Endings of indefinite verbs belonging to the first group: -e, -yu(except for exception verbs). The forms of these verbs endings -u and -yu, -e and -eh, -e and -e, -e and -e, -e and -e... Endings of indefinite verbs belonging to the second group: -and and on -I am(except for exception verbs). When conjugated, the forms of these verbs endings -y and -yu, -you, -it, -im, -it, -at and -yat.
Infinitive function in a sentence
Verbs, as usual, perform the function of a predicate in a sentence. Together with the subjects, they form the grammatical basis of sentences. However, the infinitive, due to its peculiarities of use, can perform completely different functions in a sentence. Therefore, the role of any of the members of the sentence in this case can be played by the indefinite form of the verb. An example of using infinitives as different members of a sentence:
Morphological parsing of the infinitive in a sentence
To carry out the morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence, you need to determine its part of speech, general grammatical meaning, ask it questions, define a word form, indicate constant and non-constant morphological features, as well as its function in the sentence. Since the indefinite form of the verb does not change, the morphological analysis of the infinitive is carried out without indicating non-permanent verbal signs.
What form are verbs in dictionaries? Of course, in the initial or indefinite form, which is otherwise called the infinitive. In this article, you can get acquainted with the morphological features of the infinitive, the methods of its formation. Each rule is illustrated with examples.
What is the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive)
Infinitive- it initial verb form, from which the rest of the verb forms are formed (conjugated verbs, participles, participles). It is in the infinitive that verbs in dictionaries are represented (for example: lie down, rest, work, see, study).
The infinitive is also called the indefinite form of the verb. The rule of the Russian language explains this by the fact that this form calls an action, process or state, regardless of when, by whom and how this action, process or state is carried out.
In a sentence, verbs in the infinitive form can act as part of a compound predicate, predicate and subject, in rare cases, a definition, addition or circumstance.
Morphological signs of the infinitive
The infinitive is an immutable, non-conjugated form of the verb. It has only constant grammatical features of verbs:
TOP-3 articleswho read along with this
April 21, 2017An infinitive is an indefinite or initial form of a verb. It would seem what a simple thing! But this linguistic phenomenon has its own characteristics and even "pitfalls", which will be discussed later in this article.
Brief description of the infinitive in Russian
An indefinite verb is what we see written in a dictionary entry. It has no mood, face, number, time, that is, it is not changed depending on who performs the action, since there is simply no such subject. However, such a verb still has some features - form (perfect or imperfect) and conjugation (first or second). In addition, it is characterized by recurrence or irreversibility, as well as transient or intransitive.
How to understand that a verb is in the infinitive
To determine that a given form of a word denoting an action is in fact an infinitive, you need to ask questions of the indefinite form of the verb. These include: " what to do?"(For example," read "or" talk ") or" what to do?"(For example," give "or" drink "). If the verb answers them, then it is in the initial form.
In addition, there are always suffixes in the infinitive in Russian: -t-, -ty-, -ch-, -th- and -st-... It is worth noting that some linguists claim that these are the endings of indefinite verbs, since this morpheme is subject to change. However, the controversy continues to this day.
What is the indefinite form of the verb used for?
It is the Russian language that is quite rich in various possibilities of using the infinitive. The indefinite form of a verb can be a subject, predicate, definition, addition in a sentence, and also be an integral part of a verb predicate, express an imperative mood or future tense. Next, we will take a closer look at each of the listed cases using examples.
Specific syntactic roles of the verb in the initial form
So, a verb in an indefinite form is a subject if it is characterized in any way. For instance:
- Drawing was the meaning of his life.
- Being a mother is the meaning of Svetlana's life.
In these sentences " draw" and " to be (mother)»Are subject, since they are separate, independent actions.
In addition, a sentence can contain two infinitives, one of which characterizes the other:
- To live is to love.
Then here " live"- subject, and" be in love"- predicate. In this case, it is easy to determine the member of the sentence: the subject goes to the predicate. Also, instead of " means" there can be a dash or the words " this "," is"And the like.
An infinitive can be a definition if it appears in this form, for example:
- He went to bed with a firm resolve to read a book tomorrow..
It turns out that the verb "read" here answers the question "how?" With what decision did he go to bed? Read (book tomorrow). That is, a verb of an indefinite form is a definition if it refers to a noun that means necessity, decision, desire, expression of will, and the like.
An indefinite form of a verb can also be an object, if, for example, it is used in such a phrase:
- Dad asked Lena to pick up a pencil.
That is, the verb "asked" has a full lexical meaning here. Both verbs refer to different people (" asked"- to dad, and" to raise"- to Lena).
The infinitive is a constituent part of the verbal predicate, if used with a verb that denotes the beginning, continuation or completion of an action, that is, it has an auxiliary meaning. For instance:
- The puppy quickly began to fall asleep.
- The teacher continued to teach the lesson.
"Started" and " continued"- these are the verbs, therefore" fall asleep" and " lead " are predicate parts.
The infinitive expresses the imperative mood, if used in a commanding tone. For example, the squad leader may order: “ Be silent!", And the captain of the ship yells:" All hands on deck!»
The initial form of the verb expresses the future tense in sentences like this:
- Yes, Ivan should not be a pilot!
That is, it should contain a certain shade of annoyance or regret.
Common spelling mistakes
In most cases, the indefinite verb is an easy thing to spell, but sometimes people get confused. This happens when the verb is reflexive. The soft sign before the suffix is simply forgotten - Xia-, so it turns out that the verb is in the third person and singular. And sometimes it makes reading comprehension very difficult.
In order to avoid mistakes and correctly write suffixes (or endings of verbs of an indefinite form), you need to mentally ask them questions every time: “h what to do?"Or" h what to do?»If the verb clearly answers exactly to them, it is necessary to put a soft sign. For example, in the last word in the sentence " Petya is going to sleep tonight " a soft sign is put, since Peter going to what to do? Get some sleep.
Thus, the verb of the indefinite form is a rather interesting and important part of the language that can be used in different cases, the main thing is to learn them well.
Instructions
You can define the infinitive by question. Find a verb and ask a question to it. If this is a verb in an indefinite form, then it will answer the question "what to do?", "What to do?" For example, grow, bake, flood, dilute, lie down.
There is always a soft sign at the end of such verbs.
It is difficult to distinguish the infinitive from the personal form if the word is written in transcription. The recording of the finals of these forms coincide: [uch "itza] (learns) - [uch" itza] (learns). In this case, pay attention to the vowel before [-ca] or the context where you can ask the question. If the job is not feasible, then both forms are appropriate.
The indefinite form of the verb is included in the compound nominal predicate. In this case, the sentence contains two heterogeneous verbs. To determine which of them is the infinitive, you need to indicate the grammatical basis. The predicate will have two verbs. The one in which the lexical meaning lies is an infinitive, it needs a soft sign. So, in the sentence "Students will be able to work out additionally" the predicate "will be able to work out". And the indefinite form is "work out."
The indefinite form of the verb can act as minor members of the sentence. It is possible to define it in such cases by following the logic of reasoning. Ask the question of the indirect case from the predicate to the infinitive. If possible, then in this case he is an addition. For example, in the sentence “The coach told us to warm up,” the word “work out” would be an addition (ordered what?). In this case, reason as follows: the action indicated in the verb "ordered" is performed by the coach, and others will perform it. So this is not a predicate, because the sentence is simple.
Circumstances expressed by the indefinite form of the verb most often answer the questions "for what purpose?", "For what reason?" In the sentence “I came to the gym to train” to the infinitive we ask the question “came for what purpose?”.
To the definition, ask a question from a noun. In the sentence “I am fluent in the ability to play the guitar”, the infinitive is the definition: the ability (how?) To play.