Essays for the collection "OGE - 2018. Tsybulko. 36 options"

An essay on the topic “The boy was tall and thin, he held exorbitantly long hands deep in his pockets” (Option 1)

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Valentina Danilovna Chernyak: “Emotional-evaluative words include words that are associated with the expression of any feeling, attitude towards a person, assessment of the subject of speech, situations and communication”

The well-known linguist V. D. Chernyak writes about emotional-evaluative words, that they are associated with feelings, attitudes or evaluation. I think that such words help us understand the characters and the author's intention. For example, in the text of R.P. Pogodin, many such words are used. Let's say in sentence 13 Mishka says about Sim that he "got out". This word shows us Mishka's contemptuous attitude towards another hero. In sentence 16, he addresses Sima not by name, but very rudely: with the personal pronoun "you." Further, he calls Sima a sycophant, says that he is sucking up - this also shows us his rudeness and contempt.

Emotional and expressive words make a literary work more expressive.

15.2 Write an essay-reasoning. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 55-56 of the text: “The bear got up and began to take pictures from the guys. He collected all the sheets, put them back into the album"

In an excerpt from the work of R. P. Pogodin, we read about the relationship of children from the same yard. They did not like one of the boys, so they suspected him of various nasty things: for example, that he was a sycophant. Without understanding, they take away the album from Sima and sort out the pictures. Only after some time their "leader" Mishka suddenly realizes that the album was intended for an old teacher who no longer works at the school (this is stated in sentence 52). And from sentences 53 and 54 it becomes clear why Sima wanted to thank her: she helped him study during a serious illness. When Misha realized this, he felt ashamed, and he began to take pictures from the guys, put them back into the album. From sentences 67-75, we understand that the guys gave Maria Alekseevna the drawings that Sima made for her.

These words mean that Misha knew how to admit his mistakes and correct them.

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE? Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: “What is conscience?”, Taking the definition you gave as a thesis.

Conscience is the ability of a person to realize his wrong; it keeps from a bad deed or reproaches if a person has already done wrong.

In an excerpt from the work of R.P. Pogodin, Mishka took Sima's album with the drawings that he made for the teacher, but then Mishka realized that he was wrong. His conscience reproached him, and he decided to correct his mistake. I took the drawings from my friends and nevertheless handed them over to the teacher.

Both in life and in literature, we often encounter situations in which a person experiences pangs of conscience. For example, in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the protagonist severely judges himself for cowardice. Fearing public condemnation, Eugene went to a duel with a friend and accidentally killed him. Onegin punishes himself - sends him into exile.

Each person must act in accordance with the dictates of his conscience.

An essay on the topic “Quiet bird chirping sounded joyfully in spring ...” (Option 2)

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Ditmar Elyashevich Rosenthal: "Our grammatical system provides many options for expressing the same thought."

The grammatical system of the Russian language offers the speaker various syntactic structures for expressing the same thing. They are synonymous.

For example, sentences with adverbial phrases and subordinate clauses are synonymous. True, it is not always possible to replace the subordinate clause with a participial turnover, but if possible, the text becomes livelier and more energetic. This is probably why such constructions are preferred by V. O. Bogomolov, with an excerpt from whose book I met. In this text there were a lot of participles and single participles. For example, in sentences 3, 5, 7, 12, 13 we meet such constructions.

However, sometimes the writer prefers clauses: in sentences 21, 23 and some others. This makes the text more expressive and beautiful.

15.2 Write an essay-reasoning. Explain how you understand the meaning of the last sentences of the text: “There is no plan,” Vitka said sullenly with his characteristic directness. - And combat support too. This is irresponsibility and my oversight. I'm responsible for it."

The hero-narrator, after heavy fighting, forgot that he was ordered to set up guards and sketch out a plan of action in case of an enemy attack (sentence 21). This was indeed necessary, but the narrator neglected this, although unintentionally, and because of his forgetfulness, his friend, battalion commander Vitka, suffered. But the commander took all the blame on himself, realizing that the brigade commander could punish him and, in any case, would scold him. The words “This is irresponsibility and my oversight. I am responsible for this ”they say that the battalion commander is an honest person who is not able to let a friend down, in addition, he is ready to be responsible for everything that happens in his unit. The narrator was confident in his friend, this is stated in sentence 24, he was very ashamed that his friend would suffer through his fault.

Sometimes friends have to correct each other's mistakes.

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE? Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: “What is conscience?”, Taking the definition you gave as a thesis.

Conscience is a feature of a person's personality. Anyone who has a conscience will try in no case to commit a bad deed. If he accidentally does something bad, then his conscience torments him and forces him to correct the harm done.

In an excerpt from the work of V. O. Bogomolov, the hero-narrator forgot to fulfill the order of his friend, the battalion commander, and because of this, the brigade commander scolded Vitka. But the friend did not betray his friend, but took the blame upon himself. The narrator was very ashamed of this.

We often find examples of pangs of conscience in literature and life. For example, in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "The Brothers Karamazov" one boy, Ilyusha, succumbed to the persuasion of the evil student Rakitin, treated a stray dog ​​with a piece of bread with a pin. The dog yelped and ran away. The boy thought that the Beetle had died, and this tormented him terribly, he even became seriously ill. But, fortunately, it turned out later that the dog survived.

Conscience is essential for every person.

An essay on the topic “At the same time as the newcomer Panteleev, a decrepit old woman appeared at the school called the Republic of ShKID, the director’s mother ...” (OPTION 3)

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Dmitry Nikolaevich Shmelev: "The figurative meaning of the word enriches our language, develops and transforms it."

In the Russian language, along with single-valued words, there are a huge number of such words that have not one, but two or more meanings. If you look in the Explanatory Dictionary, you can see that there are even more such words than unambiguous ones. Of course, this is no coincidence. Polysemantic words give expressiveness to speech. Such a joke as a pun is based on the use of different meanings of one ambiguous word; the figurative meaning of the word allows you to make your statement brighter.

For example, in the text of L. Panteleev in sentence 11 we read about how a pile of cakes “melted”. This word is used in the figurative sense of “decreased in size”, and we can easily imagine this picture: a bunch of cakes are getting smaller, and then they completely disappear.

In sentence 20, the author writes about the boy that his lips “jumped”. This is also a word in a figurative sense. Reading, we immediately understand that the newcomer is almost crying from anger and resentment, to such an extent he is shocked by the act of the guys.

Words in a figurative sense are often used in fiction as a means of expression.

15.2 Write an essay-reasoning. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 47-49 of the text: “-You know, Lyonka, you are doing well,” said the Japanese, blushing and sniffing. – Forgive us, please. This is not only for myself, I speak for the whole class.

The action of the book "Republic of SHKID" takes place in a colony. The guys who got there are, of course, not angels. Most of them stole on the street so as not to starve to death, and some of their habits remained at that moment, which is described in the episode with the stolen cakes.

But the newcomer Panteleev was more honest than the others: it seemed dishonorable to him to steal from a blind old woman, so the other colonists beat him, and the director, without understanding, punished Panteleev, because he did not deny his guilt.

The other colonists felt ashamed. That is why the Japanese blushed when he asked for forgiveness from Lyonka. The guys suddenly realized that it is possible to live more honestly than they do: not to offend the weak, not to shift the blame onto others. This is stated in the words of the Japanese (in sentences 40 - 42). But going to the director and confessing is still too heroic an act for guys who are not used to living honestly. As a result, no one supports the proposal of the Japanese, but still the guys felt guilty and agreed with the apologies. Therefore, Lenka reconciled with the guys (sentence 51-52).

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE?

Conscience is what allows a person to be a person, such a feeling of the rightness or wrongness of an act, a kind of compass. He who has a conscience understands how to act and how not, and he tries to avoid bad deeds even if no one knows about them for sure.

Conscience helps us evaluate ourselves. Unfortunately, not everyone has a conscience. Some believe that there are only problems from her: she reproaches, does not give rest, but a person strives for happiness and peace. And it also happens that someone's conscience has not yet been properly formed. For example, in this text, we just see the guys who did not listen to their conscience, because it rather interfered with them when they lived on the street and were forced to steal and deceive so as not to die of hunger. But Lenka's honest act first shocked them and provoked aggression, and then made them awaken their best feelings. They felt ashamed, which means that they became a little better than they were before.

Conscience makes a person ashamed of others if they do something bad. I met such an example in literature - in the story of E. Nosov "Doll". The hero of this story, Akimych, is ashamed of those people who pass by a mutilated doll and do not pay attention to this disgrace. He buries the doll and says: "You can't bury everything." I think he means that unscrupulous people with the silent connivance of the rest have already committed a lot of evil, it is already difficult to correct it. The author encourages those in whom the conscience is still alive, not to get used to the bad, but to try to correct it.

Conscience is the core of the human soul.

Composition on the topic “I stood in a dark, cold circus stable ...” (Option 5)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Lyudmila Alekseevna Vvedenskaya: “Any deviations from the norm must be situationally and stylistically justified”

The famous linguist L. A. Vvedenskaya has a saying: “Any deviations from the norm must be situationally and stylistically justified.”

The Russian language is a rich and ideally built system, this language is able to deeply and vividly describe the whole gamut of human emotions. A person who uses the Russian language has a whole arsenal of phraseological units, sayings, an unfair number of synonyms, comparisons, metaphors, etc.

But still, every person has situations, joyful or bitter, when he sometimes lacks generally accepted norms to express his feelings. But in order to evade the general rules of language, the speaker or writer must have motives. These motives are explained by a specific situation, according to Vvedenskaya. For example, in the sentence "I stood in a dark, cold stable near my sick friend and wanted to help her with all my heart." The author here is talking about a friend, and then that he wanted to help "her". The text is about the circus elephant Lyalka. Why does the author call her friend and not girlfriend? After all, if "she" means "friend." The fact is that the author is deeply worried about the elephant and is very afraid that she will not recover, because she is very dear to him. The word "friend" takes on a lot more meaning than "girlfriend." A friend is a close person, he will support and reassure, he will always be there. In this case, given how the author is rooting for Lyalka, one can justify the use of the word “friend”.

He turns to Lyalka, who has already recovered. The author speaks to the animal as if it could understand his words. From this exclamation it is clear how sincerely the author is glad that the elephant recovered and ate the food. Here, the treatment of these words to the animal is justified by the genuine joy of the author.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the text fragment: “We always go ahead with our firecrackers and whistles, we are clowns, clowns and entertainers, and next to us, of course, beautiful, funny elephants”

The story "Elephant Lyalka" tells how the author is very worried about his friend, an elephant named Lyalka. She became seriously ill and refused to eat. The author imagined all night how Lyalka would feel cold, trembling, but the next morning it turned out that she had already recovered. The good mood of the elephant was indicated by the way she fervently trumpeted. To celebrate, the author came up with the idea “We always go ahead with our firecrackers and whistles, we are clowns, clowns and entertainers, and next to us, of course, are beautiful, funny elephants.” This means that in any case, life, love for this life and work wins. Despite the impending illness, Lyalka won and is ready to continue to please the kids with her performances.

From the sentence “Seeing me and immediately recognizing, Lyalka triumphantly trumpeted,” we see that the elephant is very happy with her friend and wants to show him that the disease has receded and she is ready to get back into line.

The author is so happy with the mood of Lyalka, he is proud that it is they who arrange a holiday for people, that clowns and clowns allow them to plunge into a carefree childhood again. Lyalka fully supports the author in this and seems to say: “Let the amazing cavalcade of joy and happiness of life always dance!”

Kindness is the ability to empathize and put yourself in the place of another person.

There are many definitions of the word "kindness", but I will focus on the fact that it is, first of all, empathy, sympathy. To do good, you need to be able to try on the grief and troubles of others, and then do what you would like to be done to you.

If a person or an animal is in trouble, you need to show your nobility and readiness to help, because it is these traits that characterize a real Human.

Kindness is visible in the behavior of the author of the story "Elephant Lyalka". He wholeheartedly worries about the animal. The author prepared medicine for Lyalka, then did not sleep all night, thinking about her, how bad she was. In the morning, seeing nothing, he ran to her and fed her. The author does good for the elephant, as for a true friend.

What motivates us when we give money for the treatment of a child we do not know, help the infirm old people, give up a seat on the bus, pick up a hungry stray cat? Of course, kindness. It is she who helps us to preserve this world and all the best that is in it.

Composition on the topic “The last days of June were ...” (Option 6)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian writer Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov: “Dots are traces on tiptoe of bygone words”

Despite all the richness of the Russian language, every person at some point in his life is faced with a situation where he cannot find the right words; when it seems: here they are, spinning on the tongue, but he is not able to pronounce them, although they are clearly implied in speech.

This phenomenon is confirmed by the statement of the Russian writer V. V. Nabokov: “Ellipsis are traces on tiptoe of bygone words.” If in a conversation we can understand from a person’s behavior that he is not saying something, then in written speech this function is performed by an ellipsis.

In the sentence “Well, Grishuk, get better without me ...” Emelya said goodbye to his grandson, who was seriously ill. “And I’ll go for the deer,” we clearly see how hard it is for the grandfather to leave one sick boy, but he has no other choice. In the dots in this sentence, anxiety, sadness, Emelya's experience for her grandson clearly slips.

It can be said that the ellipsis is used to save language resources.

Further, after returning from the hunt empty-handed and after the questions of his grandson whether the grandfather shot the deer, Emelya says: “No, Grishuk ... saw him ... Yellow himself, and the muzzle is black. It stands under a bush and pinches leaves ... I took aim ... "

Here, under the dots, one can clearly see the desire of the deed to console Grisha, to explain to him that his hand did not rise to shoot a defenseless deer.

The ellipsis is an understatement that can be easily deciphered from the context and behavior of the character.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the final text: “Grisha fell asleep and all night he saw a little yellow deer, who walked merrily through the forest with his mother, and the old man slept on the stove and also smiled in his sleep”

The text ends with the sentence “Grisha fell asleep and all night saw a little yellow deer, who was walking merrily through the forest with his mother, and the old man slept on the stove and also smiled in his sleep.”

Emel's grandfather went to the forest, hoping to get a deer, and exactly the one that his Grishutka wanted so much. But seeing how the deer boldly protects her cub, risking her life, he could not shoot, although the animals were a few steps away from him.

To the question of his grandson, he answered: “How he whistled, and he, the calf, like goading into the thicket - they only saw him. He ran away, a sort of shot ... "

Grishutka was glad that the little yellow deer remained alive and listened with pleasure to the stories of the case. Sincere childish joy can be seen in the following sentences: “The old man told the boy for a long time how he searched for the calf in the forest for three days and how he ran away from him. The boy listened and laughed merrily along with the old grandfather.

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word GOOD?

Our world rests on kindness, responsiveness, willingness to help others. Kindness is what keeps everything beautiful in our life. If we did not show kindness and compassion to any living being, we would simply disappear from the face of the earth. By showing goodness and accepting it from others, we know that everything is still good in our lives, all is not lost yet.

This text perfectly shows an act of mercy and kindness. The old hunter lost three days, his sick grandson was waiting for him at home. Luck was right in front of the old man. But, seeing how selflessly the deer protects her cub, he took pity on both of them. Instead of returning home with rich booty, he chose to give life to defenseless animals. What is this if not an act of kindness? The old man remembered who his granddaughter miraculously remained alive during the attack of wolves, however, at the cost of his mother's life.

All this is shown in the sentences “Exactly what broke in the chest of old Emelya, and he lowered the gun. The hunter quickly got up and whistled - the small animal disappeared into the bushes with the speed of lightning.

In real life, there are a lot of cases when people, risking their lives and health, saved children in trouble, pulled them out of burning houses, saved them from water, from animal attacks.

All these cases give us hope that we will not be left without a helping hand when we get into trouble.

An essay on the topic “Now Kolka, Vovka and Olya rarely met: holidays ...” (Option 7)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Irina Borisovna Golub: “In artistic speech, the use of homogeneous members of a sentence is a favorite means of enhancing its expressiveness”

The Russian linguist I. B. Golub has a saying: “In artistic speech, the use of homogeneous members of a sentence is a favorite means of enhancing its expressiveness.”

It is often not enough for the speaker to express his thoughts using only one word, one synonym or description. In order to give credibility and expressiveness to his speech, a person can use homogeneous members of the sentence, as, for example, in the sentence "But he told me as if he had been and seen, and Olya's eyes opened even wider."

Here, the homogeneous members of the sentence are the words “was” and “saw”. In order to understand the meaning of the sentence, it would be enough to use only one of them, but the use of both of them gave dynamism and brightness to the sentence.

The feelings and anguish of the protagonist can be seen in the sentence "I watched the arrow spin, how it trembled, where it points." It would be enough to say that the boy was looking at the compass, but the words “spinning”, “trembling”, “pointing” convey how dear the boy is to his compass.

Kolka's compassion shows that he does not even expect to get a puppy for a compass. It is enough for him that the dog will live. He is ready to lose what is so dear to him, just to know that the puppy will not be drowned: “I am not for good,” Kolka sighed. Let him live with you if you want. I am for you not to drown.

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word GOOD?

The eternal question - what is kindness? Each person will answer it in his own way, based on his own life experience. For some, kindness is a willingness to help those who are weaker and more helpless than yourself, for another, it is the ability to sympathize, to share the pain and grief of your neighbor.

I believe that kindness implies the willingness to make any sacrifices so that an innocent living being does not suffer, no matter if it is a person or an animal. You show kindness if you stop cruelty and injustice, not thinking about what it will turn out for you. On the contrary, you condone evil if you silently observe it, without even participating in it.

Kindness is when a person does not pass by someone else's misfortune or trouble, believing that this does not concern him. In the text, the boy Kolka is ready to donate something dear to him for free in order to save the puppy, which he will not receive: “They decided on that. Vovka dragged the puppy home, Olka ran away, and Kolka went to say goodbye with the compass. I watched the arrow spinning, how it trembled, where it pointed.

I once had to observe one case. On a busy road lay a sick dog in a collar, breathing heavily. People passed by, looking at the animal with disgust. Only one girl dared to approach her, not being afraid of people's condemnation and opinion. She gave the dog water and pushed him away from the road onto the grass.

In this case, it was more important for a person to help, to show kindness than what others might think.

Composition on the topic “That night there were long cold rains ...” (OPTION 8)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Irina Borisovna Golub: “Definitely personal sentences, in comparison with two-part sentences, give speech dynamism, conciseness.”

The famous linguist I. B. Golub has a saying: “Definitely personal sentences, in comparison with two-part sentences, give speech dynamism, conciseness.”

Native speakers, and not only, can express their thoughts without using personal pronouns to save language resources and time. They certainly make the sentence more specific, but they can still be omitted for the sake of conciseness without losing the meaning of the sentence. For example, in the sentence "Let's cook porridge!" the soldiers could say: "We'll cook porridge!", but they used a definitely personal proposal. The exclusion of the pronoun "we" gave the sentence a brevity and a sense of unity of the soldiers, their general joy.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the final text: “The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered: “They ate oatmeal. But they got you on time."

The text ends with the sentence “The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered: “They ate oatmeal. But they got you on time."

The story tells about a difficult time, military. Cold, hunger, no food, the soldiers eat only water with breadcrumbs. And what happiness it was when the soldier Lukashuk suddenly found a bag of oatmeal, which seemed to the poor soldiers a real treasure. They were already looking forward to eating plenty of hearty porridge. But suddenly the owner of this bag appeared and took it away.

After a while, when things with food went better, soldier Lukashuk was saved by the same person who then took away their last hope - a bag of oatmeal. He turned out to be a military nurse.

It seems that this orderly is, as it were, justifying himself to Lukashuk for what happened then. He makes it clear to the wounded man: thanks to the fact that he gave the oatmeal to the dogs, they managed to take him out on a sled and thereby save him. After all, if the orderly had not done this, the animals would have weakened from hunger and, perhaps, thanks to this very incident, Lukashuk remained alive, because the dogs took him on time. This is what happens in life: what at first glance seems like death, in fact, suddenly becomes salvation.

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word GOOD?

Kindness is such a vital phenomenon when a person helps others, despite the fact that for him this is fraught with some kind of inconvenience, loss of time, etc. This means giving another piece of your warmth, without fear of freezing yourself.

To know that today you have made life better for someone, to realize that you have done good to someone - is this not happiness? Joy and satisfaction from bestowal are much stronger than they are in a situation where you receive something yourself. Kindness makes the life of each of us better and brighter. If you did good to someone, this someone along the chain will do good to another.

There is an example of kindness and compassion in the text. The orderly, who took a bag of oatmeal from the soldiers, gave it all to the hungry dogs, although he himself could get enough of it, because the time was very hungry, military. Due to the fact that the orderly, to his own detriment, fed the animals, they were able to gain strength and bring the wounded and injured on sleds. This is what the sentence says: “They ate the oatmeal. But they got you on time."

There are many people who, despite being busy and limited in finances, visit orphans in orphanages and helpless old people left alone. These people share with them not only material values, but also spiritual warmth, which means that life becomes brighter for whom.

An essay on the topic “At dusk, Bidenko and Gorbunov went on reconnaissance, taking Vanya Solntsev with them ...” (OPTION 9)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement taken from the Literary Encyclopedia: ““Forcing the characters to talk to each other, instead of conveying their conversation on their own, the author can bring the appropriate shades into such a dialogue. He characterizes his characters with themes and manner of speech.

Every book lover knows how well the monologues or dialogues of characters characterize them, brightly highlight their literacy, good manners and other individual characteristics.

For convenience, the author could simply briefly convey the essence of the conversation between two or more book characters, but it is the schedule of their detailed dialogue that allows the reader to form an opinion about each of them. From the sentence “Well, why the hell are you hanging around here at night, you bastard! - Shouted a rough German voice with a cold, "it is clear to us that these words belong to a cruel and merciless man. There is even no need for a more detailed description of this character - it is already clear to the reader that nothing good can be expected from him.

The next example: “Oh, uncle, don’t hit me! he whimpered plaintively. I was looking for my horse. I found it by force. Ran all day and all night. Lost…” he shouted, brandishing his whip at Serko. Here the author could simply write that the boy pretended to be a shepherd and asked for mercy. But this phrase by Vanya helps the reader to vividly imagine the image of a miserable shepherd boy who is exhausted and begs to be let go in peace.

The phrases of the characters, their unique manner of speaking help the reader to immerse themselves in the work and create the effect that he himself seems to be present at the scene of the events described.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 31-32 of the text: “He knew that his friends, faithful comrades-in-arms, were nearby. At the first cry, they will rush to the rescue and lay down the Nazis to one and all.

The boy Vanya is entrusted with a very important mission - to be a guide for scouts, to lead them into the enemy camp and warn of danger. For the sake of this purpose, the image of a fool-shepherd is thought out for him. Vanya is well aware of how important this goal is and how much depends on him.

There is a sentence in the text: “He knew that his friends, faithful comrades-in-arms, were nearby. At the first cry, they will rush to the rescue and lay down the Nazis to one and all.

When Vanya showed the way to Bidenko and Gorbunov, he stumbled upon two Germans and was seized with real horror. He was afraid not even for himself, but for the fact that their whole plan would collapse. He knew that in any case, his comrades would not let him be offended, they would protect him from the Nazis. When one of the Germans hit him humiliatingly, Vanya was furious: “How! He, a soldier of the Red Army, a scout of the famous battery of Captain Enakiev, was dared to hit with a boot by some kind of fascist flaw! But he pulled himself together just in time. If he gives vent to anger, the end of their plan. Despite the fact that there were people behind him who would protect him, Vanya pushed a personal offense into the background and put his important task in the first place: “But the boy also firmly remembered that he was in deep reconnaissance, where the slightest noise could detect group and disrupt the execution of a combat mission.

The boy Vanya, in the form of a shepherdess, coped with his task with honor and did not let down the scouts, who completely relied on him.

The text describes a terrible time for a great country - the Great Patriotic War. These were the years when every citizen of our country was required to be fearless, willing to sacrifice everything in the name of victory and freedom. It was a time when ordinary Soviet people performed feats for the sake of their Motherland.

A feat in my understanding is when a person puts the well-being of his people and country in the first place, and then he takes care of his personal welfare. A feat is something for which a person is ready to sacrifice his life.

During the war, millions of people lost their families, shelter, they united for the sake of victory over the enemy, putting aside their personal concerns.

A simple Russian boy Vanya stoically endured the bullying of the Nazis, cast aside his pride. It was incredibly difficult for him, but he knew that he simply had no right to let his comrades down: “Then he suppressed his rage and pride with a mighty effort of will.” He coped with the horror that seized him from meeting with enemies, and led the scouts further.

From school we hear incredible stories about the heroism and exploits of the Soviet people during the war. Despite the nation and religion, they all as one stood up to defend their country, they were not afraid of severe trials. People boldly made their way into the enemy camp, freed the prisoners, rescued the wounded. All this is the feat thanks to which we have the opportunity to live and love today, to enjoy the peaceful sky above our heads.

Composition on the topic “Once, when my grandmother was on her knees, having a heartfelt conversation with God ...” (OPTION 10)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Evgeny Nikolaevich Shiryaev “The whole organization of language means in fiction is subordinated not only to the transfer of content, but to the transfer by artistic means.”

The artistic style differs from the scientific, official and journalistic style by the richness of means of expression. If in scientific works and newspaper articles there are only dry facts, then fiction gives unlimited scope for imagination. Fiction novels, short stories, stories abound with such artistic means as metaphor, comparison, description, hyperbole, personification and many others.

A vivid example of the use of artistic means is shown in the following sentences: “On a quiet night, its red flowers bloomed without smoke; only a darkish cloud hovered very high above them, not preventing them from seeing the silver stream of the Milky Way. The snow shone crimson, and the walls of the buildings trembled, swayed, as if striving for a hot corner of the yard, where the fire played merrily, filling the wide cracks in the workshop wall with red, protruding from them with red-hot crooked nails.

The text describes the heroism of the grandmother, who fearlessly and with enviable self-control gives instructions: “- Barn, neighbors, defend! The fire will spread to the barn, to the hayloft - our everything will burn to the ground and yours will be taken care of! Chop the roof, hay - into the garden! Brothers-neighbors, take it as friends - God help you. The author shows a simple dialect characteristic of this woman, these phrases characterize her as a man of courage and not losing self-control.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the text sentence: "It was impossible not to listen to her at this hour."

The text describes a fire that broke out at two in the middle of the night and alarmed all the inhabitants of the house and neighbors. The servants and even the grandfather, the master of the house, rushed about in confusion as the fire devoured everything in its path. And only the grandmother managed to keep her cool, act reasonably and give instructions in order to save the household and the whole family. She advises even runaway neighbors how to save barns and hay.

The little grandson, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted, describes in detail the events of this terrible night: “She was as interesting as the fire; illuminated by fire, which seemed to catch her, black, she rushed around the yard, keeping up with everything, disposing of everything, seeing everything.

The boy notices how the grandmother fearlessly ran into the burning workshop and carried out explosive vitriol. She even managed to calm the frightened, soaring horse. Calls him affectionately "mouse". Grandmother took on all the burden and responsibility: “- Evgenia, take off the icons! Natalia, dress up guys! - Grandmother commanded in a strict, strong voice, and grandfather howled softly: - And-and-s. Therefore, the grandson immediately understood: “It was impossible not to listen to her at that hour.”

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word DEVELOPMENT?

Both in works of art and in real life, there were and are numerous examples of feats that both men and women performed. A feat is a selfless act that is performed in the name of saving the Motherland, family, strangers, even at the cost of one's own life. Only a man with a capital letter, noble and ready to help, is capable of such an act. The man-hero runs to the aid of those who are in a difficult situation, and he thinks of himself last.

In the text, such a Person is a grandmother, she is the only one, risking her life, burst into a building on fire in order to save the others, save barns and hay, not only her own, but also those of her neighbors. She does not panic, but calms the others. Even a horse running in fear, she managed to calm down: “- Don't be afraid! Grandmother said in a bass voice, patting him on the neck and taking the reins. - Ali, I will leave you with this fear? Oh you little mouse…”

They say about such women: “He will stop a galloping horse, enter a burning hut.”

The world rests on such people-heroes, they give a chance for survival when it seems that everything is already over. The feat does not depend on age. I remember a case when a fifteen-year-old boy rescued seven neighbors' children from a burning house, while the rest succumbed to panic and lost hope.

OGE 2018. Russian language. 36 variants of typical test tasks + 300 additional tasks. Vasilyeva I.P., Gosteva Yu.N., Egoraeva G.T.

M.: 2018. - 312 p.

The authors of the assignments are leading specialists who are directly involved in the development of control measuring materials (Vasilyevykh I.P., Gosteva Yu.N.) and the development of methodological materials for preparing for the implementation of control measuring materials of the Main State Exam (Egorayeva G.T.). The manual contains 36 variants of typical test tasks for the Basic State Exam in Russian, as well as a workshop on preparing for task 15.3 - writing an essay. The purpose of the manual is to provide students with the opportunity to develop the skills to complete test tasks similar to the tasks provided in the demo version of the OGE in the Russian language. The manual is addressed to teachers to prepare students for the Main State Exam, and to ninth-graders for self-training and self-control.

Format: pdf

Size: 5 MB

Watch, download: drive.google

CONTENT
STANDARD TESTS
Work instructions 5
Option 1 6
Option 2 11
Option 3 16
Option 4 21
Option 5 26
Option 6 31
Option 7 36
Option 8 41
Option 9 46
Option 10 51
Option 11 56
Option 12 61
Option 13 66
Option 14 72
Option 15 77
Option 16 82
Option 17 87
Option 18 92
Option 19 97
Option 20 102
Option 21 108
Option 22 114
Option 23 119
Option 24 124
Option 25 130
Option 26 136
Option 27 141
Option 28 146
Option 29 151
Option 30 156
Option 31 161
Option 32 166
Option 33 172
Option 34 177
Option 35 182
Option 36 187
Answers 192
Analysis of option 26 200
Analysis of option 28 206
Texts for condensed presentation 213
PREPARATION FOR PERFORMANCE OF THE TASK 15.3. WORKSHOP
Option 1 219
Option 2 228
Option 3 236
Option 4 244
Option 5 251
Option 6 259
Option 7 270
Option 8 278
Option 9 285
Option 10 291
Answers to tasks 298
Assessment system for examination work in the Russian language 302

The examination paper consists of three parts, including 15 tasks.
3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination paper in the Russian language.
Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work on the text you have listened to (concise presentation). The source text for a condensed presentation is listened to 2 times.
This task is performed on the answer sheet No. 2.
Part 2 consists of 13 tasks (2-14). The tasks of part 2 are performed on the basis of the read text.
Write the answer to tasks 2 and 3 in the answer sheet No. 1 in the form of one number, which corresponds to the number of the correct answer.
The answers to tasks 4-14 are a word (phrase), a number or a sequence of numbers. Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to the answer sheet No. 1.
The task of part 3 is based on the same text that you read while working on the tasks of part 2.

Answers to the collection of 36 options "Typical exam options" OGE-2020, edited by I.P. Tsybulko.

Option 1

2. 12
3. 12345679
4. leather bag
5. 12 (or) 21
6.25 (or) 52
7.35 (or) 53
8. nothing

Option 2

2. 124
3. 568
4. affectionately spoken
5. 14 (or) 41
6.15 (or) 51
7. 12 (or) 21
8. title

 
Option 3

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 2345678
4. whispered with a spug (or) with a spug whispered
5. 125
6.35 (or) 53
7.13 (or) 31
8. upright

Option 4

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 267
4. willpower
5. 34 (or) 43
6.25 (or) 52
7.34 (or) 43
8. fairway (or) fairway

Option 5

2. 135
3. 56 (or) 65
4. entered smiling
5.15 (or) 51
6. 23 (or) 32
7.34 (or) 43
8. sly

Option 6

2. 23 (or) 32
3. 123458
4. lived carefree (or) lived carefree
5. 345
6.45 (or) 54
7.14 (or) 41
8. like a dog

Option 7

2. 12 (or) 21
3.45 (or) 54
4. wildflower
5. 14 (or) 41
6. 234
7.35 (or) 53
8. how the wind blew

Option 8

2. 45 (or) 54
3. 1234679
4. said derisively
5. 125
6.35 (or) 53
7.35 (or) 53
8. opposite

Option 9

2. 125
3. 1569
4. pushed hard (or) pushed hard
5.35 (or) 53
6. 135
7.45 (or) 54
8. day/night (or) night/day

Option 10

2. 123
3. 345689
4. night without sleep
5.45 (or) 54
6. 24 (or) 42
7.45 (or) 54
8. goner (or) goner

Option 11

2. 13 (or) 31
3. 156
4. shout with delight
5. 24 (or) 42
6. 134
7. 24 (or) 42
8. old dilapidated

Option 12

2. 124
3.37 (or) 73
4. problem of geometry
5. 234
6. 23 (or) 32
7.14 (or) 41
8. Valiant

Option 13

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 345678
4. spoke anxiously
5. 34 (or) 43
6.135 (or)
7.14 (or) 41
8. looked
 

Option 14

2. 14 (or) 41
3. 134567
4. look with a smile
5. 25 (or) 52
6. 234
7. 245
8. crimson
 

Option 15

2. 245
3.48 (or) 84
4. hassle in vain
5.45 (or) 54
6. 234
7. 125
8. candidate
 

Option 16

2. 34 (or) 43
3. 12456
4. crying without sound
5. 12 (or) 21
6. 145
7. 24
8. rubber (or) rubber

 
Option 17

2. 24 (or) 42
3.37 (or) 73
4. soulful beauty
5. 234
6.34 (or) 43
7. 12 (or) 21
8. foot

Option 18

2. 13 (or) > 31
3.47 (or) 74
4. anxiously whispered
5. 24 (or) 42
6.25 (or) 52
7.13 (or) 31
8. sbiten

Option 19

2. 125
3. 12578
4. found no errors
5. 123
6. 125
7. 234
8. shipship (or) shipship

Option 20

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 345678
4. Told in detail
5. 34 (or) 43
6. 125
7.14 (or) 41
8. liar (or) liar

 
Option 21

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 157
4. easily handled
5. 12 (or) 21
6. 12
7. 25
8. earthly-heavenly
 

Option 22

2. 235
3. 23456789
4. love unrequited
5.35 (or) 53
6. 125
7. 12
8. on the palms

 
Option 23

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 1578
4. man without conscience
5. 14 (or) 41
6. 12 (or) 21
7.25 (or) 52
8. pure (or) pure

Option 24

2. 14 (or) 41
3. 1234579
4. go non-stop
5. 134
6. 134
7.35 (or) 53
8. accidentally (or) on purpose

Option 25

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 259
4. looked gently
5. 25 (or) 52
6.45 (or) 54
7.14 (or) 41
8. go to the people

Option 26

2. 34 (or) 43
3. 13458
4. spoke with laughter
5. 124
6. 125
7.14 (or) 41
8. flaunt

Option 27

2. 34 (or) 43
3. 167
4. checkered fabric
5.35 (or) 53
6.25 (or) 52
7. 24 (or) 42
8. barrel organ (or) barrel organ

Option 28

2. 123
3. 14 (or) 41
4. weak-willed person
5.45 (or) 54
6. 234
7.35 (or) 53
8. threw off

Option 29

2. 45 (or) 54
3. 2346789
4. asked in bewilderment
5. 124
6.15 (or) 51
7.34 (or) 43
8. flaunt

Option 30

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 145
4. wooden fence
5. 34 (or) 43
6.25 (or) 52
7. 23 (or) 32
8. rack

Option 31

2. 45 (or) 54
3. 12345689
4. Followed with attention
5. 25 (or) 52
6.25 (or) 52
7. 23 (or) 32
8. will rise and fall
 

Option 32

2. 135
3. 2468
4. laugh without malice
5. 24 (or) 42
6.13 (or) 31
7. 12 (or) 21
8. last strength

Option 33

2.15 (or) 51
3. 1256789
4. nodded politely
5.15 (or) 51
6. 24 (or) 42
7. 12 (or) 21
8. Nano legs posed

Option 34

2. 35 (or) 53
3.48 (or) 84
4. parental home
5. 235
6.25 (or) 52
7.25 (or) 52
8. shack (or) shack

Option 35

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 6789
4. taught with diligence
5. 24 (or) 42
6. 24 (or) 42
7.15(or)51
8. dispatch (or) dispatch

Option 36

2. 125
3. 12 (or) 21
4. kicked out ruthlessly
5. 145
6. 134
7. 24 (or) 42
8. hit