Ministryeducation and science of the Donetsk People's Republic

Donetsk Republican Ecological and Naturalistic Center

TOPIC

RESEARCH WORKS ON GARDENING AND

ADVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THEM IN ADDITIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Compiled by: Kirillenko Svetlana

Konstantinovna, head department

agriculture DonRENC,

Ph.D. biol. sciences

Donetsk - 2016

The program of horticulture and viticulture clubs provides for work on growing planting material in a fruit school and nursery; planting fruit trees and studying more effective ways of vegetative propagation of berry crops. The specificity of field experiments with fruit and berry crops is determined by their biological characteristics, of which the habit, life expectancy and wide individual variability of trees and bushes are important for planning, organizing and conducting experiments. When planning a field experiment in the garden and on berry plantations, it is necessary to take into account not only the variation of indicators depending on the quality of the soil of the experimental plot and the location of the plants, but also to have a good knowledge of the individual variability of plants in the course of the experiment. Individual calculation of the yield or other indicators characterizing the variability of plants forms the basis for the correct distribution of the studied plants into groups according to their condition (relatively weak, medium and strong), determining the required number of plants on the site and establishing the number of observations. In fruit crops, there is a fairly stable relative variation in yields, which persists for many years. This stability of indicators, the dependence of plant growth and fruiting on their initial state should be used in research work with perennial fruit and berry crops. Plants should be combined in such a way, depending on the initial state and options, that each of them uses the whole variety of conditions of the experimental site.

Planting material for fruit crops must be grown in nurseries under special conditions. It is necessary to use standard rootstocks, and when propagating from seeds, the most hardy species and varieties from mother trees, select standard “wild ones” that are uniform in developmental strength and use cuttings from strictly tested trees for budding. All plants in the nursery should be given the same and careful care. Planting material is selected in the nursery before digging and the diameter of the trunk, the height of the plants, the number and growth of shoots are measured. All selected seedlings must be uniform in growth vigor and have a good-quality root system. It is necessary to exclude from the experiment all sick and small plants that are not subject to further study.

Selection of homogeneous seedlings: experimental plants for each option and plots are selected using the method of probable sampling, that is, by randomization, which excludes the arbitrary or involuntary subjectivity of the researcher. For agrotechnical experiments, it is recommended to use areas with the number of counting trees:

for fruit trees – 6-10 trees;

for bushes – 10-20 bushes

in the seedling nursery - 20-25 sq. m

for strawberries – 20-40 m.

All experiments that require accurate comparisons must be carried out, as a rule, in 4-6-fold repetition. For preliminary experiments, three-fold repetition is possible.

The yield of fruit trees is taken into account using a general method, weighing the yield from all experimental trees. To assess the effectiveness of agrotechnical practices or varieties, the following basic records and observations are carried out:

1. Visual observations of the degree of fruiting of each tree in points and possible yield in kilograms;

2. Accounting for economically useful carrion;

3. Weight accounting of the crop;

4. Assessment of the quality of the crop, taste, size and uniformity of fruits, their yield by variety, timing of its harvest, biochemical composition and others.

For young trees that are just beginning to bear fruit, the yield is taken into account from the entire plot. To find the average yield per tree, the resulting yield from all trees is divided by the number of counted trees; trees that do not bear fruit are also taken into account. With full fruiting, the harvest is taken into account separately for each tree. The beginning of full fruiting is conventionally taken to be the year when the average yield from one accounting tree reaches: for an apple tree at least 25 kg, for a pear 15 kg and for stone fruits at least 10 kg.

The yield from each repetition and in general from the variant (variety) in centners per 1 hectare is calculated using the formula:

B = A/B. 100, where:

A – average yield from one tree (in kg);

B – feeding area of ​​one tree (in sq. m).

Yield accounting in experiments with berry crops (currants, gooseberries, strawberries) is carried out using a general method; the weight of the berry harvest in each harvest is determined in all areas of each option.

To conduct field experiments with grapes, select areas that are typical in natural conditions (climate, soil, relief, exposure, etc.), varietal composition and agrotechnical condition of the plantings of the zone where the research results will be used. Experiments with grapes, which are carried out to obtain the results necessary for the comparative assessment of the varieties or options being studied, must be repeated in at least 4 times. Three-fold repetition is acceptable for educational experiments, as well as for experiments on well-leveled vineyards.

The harvest accounting is carried out by weighing bunches of grapes collected from all the accounting bushes of the site.

Approximate topics of experimental work

1. Study of fruiting of various varieties (including local) of nut-bearing trees.

In order to identify the best local varieties of nut crops, a survey is carried out using the scheme presented above:

City, district, village:

1. Relief conditions, steepness and exposure of the slope on which the tree or group of trees grows;

2. Depth of groundwater;

3. Name of breed, variety;

4. Age of the tree, year of planting, grafting or own roots;

5. Growth vigor, tree height and crown diameter (in m), trunk thickness (in cm);

6. Time of tree flowering, beginning of ovary formation, time of fruit ripening, intensity of fruiting (annual, periodic);

7. Average yield in kg per tree;

8. Frost resistance;

9. What pests and diseases damage the variety;

10. General characteristics of fruit quality:

Size of fruits;

Average fetal weight;

Shape (round, round-elongated, obovate, flattened);

Color (light sand, straw color, etc.);

Shell thickness (from 1.5 mm – 2 mm);

Shell shape (smooth, cellular);

The nature of the internal structure of the partitions (thin or woody).

11. Kernel yield percentage – from 40 to 65%;

12. Biochemical indicators: content of carbohydrates, proteins, fats (up to 65%);

2. The influence of fertilizers on the yield of gooseberries and currants.

Experiment scheme.

Option 1 – without fertilizers (control);

Option 2 – fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at the rate of 20 g per 1 sq.m;

Option 3 – feeding in the spring with ammonium nitrate (20 g per 1 sq. m.) and in the fall with superphosphate (30 g per 1 sq. m.) and potassium chloride (15 g per 1 sq. m.

Research methodology. In the plantings for each option, 5 equally developed gooseberry bushes are planted in two terms, for which the necessary care is carried out.

Elements of accounting.

1. Measurement of the total length of annual growth of shoots on each bush and in general for the variants. Comparison with control.

2. Calculation of the berry yield per bush and according to options. Comparison with control.

3. Determination of the mass of berries.

3. The influence of planting density on blackcurrant yield.

Experience scheme:

Option 1 – planting plants according to a 2.0 x 1.0 m scheme (control);

Option 2 – planting plants according to a 2.0 x 0.75 m pattern;

Option 3 – planting plants according to a 2.0 x 0.5 m pattern;

Methodology for establishing experience. 2 months before laying the experiment on the plot per 1 sq. m fertilizers are applied: organic - 10-12 kg, mineral - superphosphate - 60 g, potassium chloride - 20 g. After applying fertilizers, the area is plowed or dug up the soil to a depth of 25-27 cm, and then leveled. Plants are planted manually in October under a cord marked at a distance of 1.0 m, 0.75 m, 0.50 m. Seedlings are planted 3-4 cm deeper than they grew in the nursery. After compacting the soil of the seedlings, they are watered and mulched, then the above-ground part of the plants is cut off with pruning shears, leaving 3-4 buds on the shoot. Each experimental option should consist of three rows of currants 10 linear meters long. Counting elements:

1. Measurement of the summer total growth of shoots on each bush separately and in general for the options;

2. Determination of the yield from each bush and according to options;

3. Determination of the mass of berries in grams for each option;

4. Comparison of the mass of berries in grams according to the options.

4. The influence of the nature of pruning raspberries on fruiting.

Experiment scheme.

Option 1 – pruning shoots at a height of 1.7 m;

Option 2 – pruning shoots at a height of 1.5 m;

Option 3 – pruning shoots at a height of 1.3 m;

Option 4 – pruning shoots at a height of 1.1 m;

Option 5 – pruning shoots at a height of 0.8 m.

Methodology for establishing experience. Pruning is carried out in early spring before sap flow begins. Each option should contain 10-15 raspberries or 2 linear meters. Plants must be well developed and healthy. Pruning is carried out once in all variants. The date of pruning is noted in the field journal and observation diary. In the summer, during the ripening period of the berries, the number of fruit branches is counted, their length is measured, and the harvest is also recorded for each option. In the fall, at the end of the growing season, the number of new shoots is counted.

5. Varietal study of garden strawberries.

As a standard, it is necessary to take either a zoned or the most common local variety of garden strawberries (strawberries).

Experience bookmark scheme.

Option 1 – planting samples of a zoned (local) variety – control;

Options 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: varieties that are studied in comparison with a control (local) variety.

In research, it is necessary to select and test the most productive and resistant varieties under local conditions; it is advisable to select new varieties. The varieties must be of the same ripeness group!

Methodology for establishing experience. The area for planting the berry bed must be leveled. At least 100 bushes of each variety are planted on the site. Planting is carried out in 2-4 rows in separate sections with a distance of 1 m between rows and 15-20 cm in a row. At the end of the row, a protective strip of 5-6 bushes from the control variety is planted.

Variety research is carried out according to the following indicators:

1. Timing of phenophases during the growing season;

2. Winter hardiness of plants;

3. Resistance to diseases and pests;

4. Productivity per bush and for the entire area (g)

5. Quality of berries, size, taste, appearance.

6. Study of the effectiveness of various rates of nitrogen fertilizers for garden strawberries.

Experiment scheme.

1. option – without fertilizers (control);

Option 2 – P -240, K-240 – background;

Option 3 – background + nitrogen-60;

Option 4 – background + nitrogen-120;

Option 5 – background + nitrogen-180;

Option 6 – background + nitrogen -240;

The use of fertilizers in gardens and berry fields is an important measure for improving the root nutrition conditions of plants, increasing their productivity and resistance to adverse conditions, especially in areas with unstable climatic conditions. Nitrogen, better than other elements of mineral nutrition, can enhance growth and increase productivity. A lack of nitrogen leads to a decrease in chlorophyll in the leaves, and at the same time to a decrease in the intensity of photosynthesis. The leaves have a yellowish tint and fall off prematurely. The fruits are small. Excess nitrogen is also undesirable. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the optimal rate of nitrogen fertilizers for garden strawberries in specific conditions in order to increase its yield and the quality of the berries. Fertilizer doses are added in kg/ha based on the active substance. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied before planting strawberries in the form of granulated superphosphate (20%) and potassium chloride (54%) of the active substance. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring in the form of ammonium nitrate (35%) before the first tillage.

The area of ​​the plot is at least 3-4 square meters. m (5-6 sq. m possible). It is advisable to repeat the experiment three times.

Elements of accounting for fertilizer efficiency.

1. Determination of the average size of the leaf blade (the area of ​​the sheet is determined on graph paper);

2. Accounting for the number of rosettes, peduncles, flowers, ovaries and ripe berries;

3. The number of creeping shoots and rosettes of leaves after the end of shoot growth (10 plants are measured in each plot);

4. Accounting for the yield and quality of berries. The berry harvest is determined from the plot by weighing. To determine the average weight of berries, samples of 300-400 g are taken.

7. The influence of the timing of planting blackcurrant (or red) cuttings on their rooting and growth.

Experiment scheme.

Option 1 – cuttings are planted in the second half of September or early October (depending on the climatic conditions of the year);

Option 2 - cuttings harvested in the fall are planted with the beginning of spring work;

Option 3 – cuttings harvested in the fall are planted 15 days after planting in option 2;

Option 4 – cuttings harvested in the fall are planted 15 days after planting in option 3;

Systematic observations are carried out, recorded in a diary, and in the fall the number of surviving cuttings is counted (this work can be done with primary school students).

8. Reproduction of currants and gooseberries by horizontal layering (by bending and pinning to the soil surface).

Experiment scheme.

Option 1 – bending down annual basal shoots – control;

Option 2 – bending down two-year-old branches;

Option 3 – bending down three-year-old branches.

In all options, black currant (or gooseberry) bushes of the same age and the same variety are taken. The number of bushes in each option should be the same. In the first option, all strong annual basal branches are selected for bending, 10 from each bush. In the second, only two-year-old branches are taken from each bush for bending, in the third - only three-year-old ones. The number of branches that bend is the same in each bush. The diary records the time of bending the branches, the appearance of the first leaves on the soil surface, the first wrapping of young shoots, the second and third wrapping, watering of the branches, loosening the soil of the bent branches, the number of branches that took root in each option (this experiment can be performed with primary school students ).

9. Determination of the optimal timing for planting garden strawberries in various climatic conditions.

Experiment scheme.

Option 1 – planting in August (control);

Option 2 – planting in September;

Option 3 – spring planting in May.

Option 4 – planting in October;

Option 5 – planting in June.

To conduct the experiment, it is advisable to take varieties that are regionalized in a given area. The feeding area in all options is 70 x 15 cm. Agricultural technology is generally accepted in accordance with the study area.

Observations:

1. Determination of the number of sockets (per 1 linear meter of row);

2. Productivity, kg per 1 linear. m row in the first, second, third years.

3. The quality of berries depending on the variety;

4. The degree of damage to plants by diseases.

10. The influence of the nature of grapevine pruning on yield.

Experiment scheme.

Option 1 – 4-5 eyes on a fruiting shoot;

Option 2 – 7-8 eyes on a fruiting shoot;

Option 3 – 9-10 eyes on a fruiting shoot;

Option 4 – 10-12 eyes on a fruiting shoot.

During the experiment, the total load of buds on one bush must be the same in all variants. For example: the total number of shoots per bush can be 40-60, etc. This is determined by the researcher himself, based on the state of development of the bush, conditions of use, variety, etc. The yield of a grape bush depends not only on the number of shoots left after pruning, but also on the length of the shoots left. During the experiment, it is mandatory to draw up an agrotechnical work plan, conduct phenological observations, and make entries in an observation diary. When taking into account the yield, the number of bunches per bush, the average weight of one bunch, the yield per bush, and the yield per 1 hectare are determined.

Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

Department of Decorative Horticulture

I CONFIRM:

Vice Rector for Academic Affairs

prof. ____________

“____”______________2014

for training masters

Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education 3rd generation

Direction 110500.68 – “Gardening”

Program "Ornamental gardening and phytodesign"

Semesters: 1-4

Modules: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

Moscow, 2014

Compiled by: , Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Sc., professor

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

"__"________ 2014

Reviewer: , Ph.D. Sc., Associate Professor

"__" _______ 2014

The research program was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education in the field of training 110500.68 - “Gardening”, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 28, 2009 No. 000 and registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated December 16, 2009 No. 000.

The program was discussed at the department meeting, protocol No.__ dated “__”_____2013.

Head department__

"__" ________ 2014

Agreed:

Assistant to the Vice-Rector for Research

and innovative work ______________

Head of Management Department

quality of education ______________

Head of the Methodological Department ______________

Dean of the Faculty, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Sc., professor ________________

"__"________ 2014

Deputy Dean for Science and Practice of the Faculty, Ph.D. n. _____________

"__"________ 2014

The program was discussed at a meeting of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, _________ protocol No. ______

Secretary of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, PhD, Associate Professor ______________________

"__" ________ 2014

The program was adopted by the educational and methodological commission of the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, protocol No. ______

Chairman of the educational and methodological commission:

K. agricultural Sc., Associate Professor ________________

"__"________ 2014

Head of the graduating department:

D. agricultural Sc., professor _________________

"__" _______ 2014

Director of the master's program:

D. agricultural Sc., professor _________________

"__" _______ 2014

Head of IT _______________

(signature)

Acquisition Department of the Central Scientific Library _______________

(signature)

A copy of the electronic version was received:

Head of Support Department

distance learning UIT _______________

(signature)

ABSTRACT.. 5

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS... 5

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR RESEARCH WORK... 7

3. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK... 7

4. FORMS OF RESEARCH WORK... 10

5. STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF RESEARCH WORK 11

5.1 Structure of research work.. 11

5.2 Stages of research work.. 12

5.3 Approximate content of a research work.. 12

6. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF RESEARCH WORK 14

7. EDUCATIONAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND INFORMATION SUPPORT OF RESEARCH 15

8. Material and technical support for research. 16

ANNOTATION

Research work (R&D) is a mandatory section of the main educational program of higher professional education for a master's degree in the direction of training 110500.68 - “Gardening” of the program “Ornamental Horticulture and Phytodesign”.

This Program defines the concept of research work of undergraduates, the procedure for its organization and management, reveals the content and structure of the work, and requirements for reporting documentation.

The research program is being implemented at the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, graduating from the Department of Ornamental Horticulture.

The location of the research is the UC “Vegetable Experimental Station named after. ", Laboratory of Fruit Growing, Breeding Station named after. , Botanical Garden named after. , Dendrological Garden named after. , laboratory of genetics, selection and biotechnology of vegetable crops.

Completion of research work will ensure the formation of 6 professional (PC) competencies in the graduate, enshrined in the main educational program of higher professional education in the direction of training 110500.68 - “Gardening” in the above-mentioned master’s program.

Research work provides for the following forms of organizing the educational process: consultation, individual lessons.

The research program provides for the following types of control:

current monitoring of progress in the reporting form presented in Table 2;

intermediate control on students' research work is provided in the form of tests and tests with assessment.

The total labor intensity of research is 12 credit units, 432 hours.

The research program provides for: individual assignments, collective assignments, etc.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

A master in the field of preparation 110500.68 – “Gardening” is a widely erudite specialist who is proficient in the methodology and methods of scientific knowledge and creativity, modern information technologies, has the skills of analysis and synthesis of professional information, is able to independently solve scientific research problems in the professional field, prepared for scientific research. research and analytical activities in the field of ornamental horticulture and floristry.

Close integration of educational, research and scientific-practical training provided for by the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education in the direction 110500.68 – “Gardening”, allows us to prepare masters who have all the necessary competencies and are capable of solving complex professional problems.

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education in the field of training 110500.68 – “Gardening”, research work is one of the components of master’s training.

The total number of hours of specialized training for undergraduates allocated for research work in the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education is 12 credit units and is distributed over academic semesters. Research work takes place without interruption from theoretical training in accordance with the Curriculum of the training direction 110500.68 - “Gardening”.

Research work involves research work aimed at developing master's students' ability to make independent theoretical and practical judgments and conclusions, the skills of objective assessment of scientific information, free scientific search and application of scientific knowledge in educational activities.

Research work involves both a general program for all master's students studying in a specific educational program (or united in groups of several people), and an individual program aimed at completing a specific task (according to the master's student's individual research plan (Appendix 1).

The master's student carries out research under the guidance of a scientific supervisor. The direction of work is determined in accordance with the topic of the master's thesis.

Persons from the teaching staff who have an academic degree or academic title are appointed as scientific supervisors of master's students. In case of carrying out research at the intersection of scientific fields, in addition to the scientific supervisor, a scientific consultant is appointed.

An individual research plan is developed by the master's student's supervisor, approved at a department meeting, and its implementation is recorded for each semester in the completion column.

Research work of master's students is carried out at the graduating department of ornamental horticulture, as well as at the UC “Vegetable Experimental Station named after. ", Fruit Growing Laboratory, Breeding Station named after. , Botanical Garden named after. , Dendrological Garden named after. , laboratory of genetics, selection and biotechnology of vegetable crops.

The main form of planning and adjusting individual plans for students' research work is the substantiation of the topic, discussion of the plan and intermediate results of the research within the framework of a research seminar with the participation of employers and leading researchers. In the process of carrying out research and defending its results, the level of knowledge, skills and developed competencies acquired by the master's student is assessed.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR RESEARCH WORK

Requirements for research work are determined by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the field of training 110500.68 – “Gardening” in terms of developing professional (PC) competencies in the master’s student presented in Table 1.

3. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK

The main goal of a master's student's research is to develop his ability to independently carry out research work related to solving complex professional problems in modern conditions.

The objectives of the research work are:

Ensuring the development of professional research thinking of undergraduates, the formation in them of a clear understanding of the main professional tasks, methods of solving them, and forms of organizing research work.

Ensuring readiness for professional self-improvement, development of innovative thinking and creative potential, professional excellence.

Independent formulation and solution of problems arising during research work that require in-depth professional knowledge.

Compliance of the research work of undergraduates with the thematic plans of the University’s research work and, above all, with the priority areas of scientific research.

Compliance of the research work of undergraduates with the priority areas of scientific research of the graduating department of ornamental horticulture

In addition, during the research process the undergraduate will be able to:

7. EDUCATIONAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH

Main literature

1. Agafonov E.V., et al. Ornamental gardening - M.: Kolos, 2003, 320 p.

2. Sokolova plant growing. Tree growing - M.: Academy, 2007, 350 p.

3. , Bochkova plant growing. Floriculture - M.: Academia, 2004, 427 p.

Further reading and online resources

2. Landscape design. Glossary of terms. Under general ed. Doctor of Architecture M., Moscow Architectural Institute, 2001.120p.

3. Markovsky Gardens. - M.:, 2000

4., etc. Handbook of florists. M.: Kolos, 1996.

5. Rychkova garden.-M.: “Veche”, 2005.

6. http://greenhouse-complex. people ru/proekti/rozi/osnovi_sovremennoi_tehnologii_viraschivaniya_roz/,

7. http:///content/view/656/98#axzz1vfeUlSU9

8. http://www. biotechnolog. ru/pcell/pcell6_1.htm

9. http:///#axzz1vfeUlSU9

10. http://www. flowersweb. info/hydroponics/hydroponics-1.php

8. Logistics support for research work

To conduct research work, you need a safety journal and an auditorium with multimedia equipment.

To carry out the main stage of research work, laboratories are needed: fruit growing, laboratories of genetics, selection and biotechnology of vegetable crops, UC “Vegetable Experimental Station named after. ", Breeding station named after. , Botanical Garden named after. , Dendrological Garden named after. , as well as specially equipped rooms, household premises that comply with current sanitary and fire safety standards and safety requirements when conducting research work.

To carry out the final stage of research work, you need: an auditorium with multimedia equipment, computers, printers.

The program was developed by:

D. agricultural Sc., professor

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

Annex 1

Individual form
Master's student's research plan

MASTER'S PROGRAM

I APPROVED
master's program director
_______________________

"___" ____________ 20__

INDIVIDUAL Plan

MASTER'S RESEARCH WORK

master's student
1. Faculty
2. Department
3. Director of the master's program
4. Scientific supervisor of a master's student
5. Period of study in the master's program
6. Name of the master's program
7. Topic of master's thesis
8. Deadlines for submitting research work by semester
Final	1 semester	2nd semester	3rd semester	4th semester

Semester number		Reporting form
first
second
third
fourth
Final

Appendix 2

Faculty _____________________

Department _______________________________________

REPORT

ABOUT RESEARCH WORK

MASTER'S STUDENT

for _____semester ______ / _____ academic year

Master's student

(study group number) (signature)

Scientific director

academic degree, academic title

(signature)

Moscow, 20__

ChapterI

Report on the implementation of sections of the individual research plan for the semester

ChapterII

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Working programm

on research activities of students

Considered at the meeting

methodological unification

historical and legal cycle

Protocol No. dated September 2017

Moscow 2017

Planned results of studying the course…………………………………….……….3

Thematic plan………………………………………………………………………………..…13

Planned results of the course

Explanatory note.

Relevance.

The main task of modern education is the formation of special skills in students, as well as the development of key skills and knowledge necessary in research.

Research activities - as defined by the Federal Law “On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy” dated July 12, 1996, activities aimed at obtaining and applying new knowledge, including fundamental scientific research, applied scientific research. (Big legal dictionary. Akademik.ru. 2010.)

The ability to organize research work requires the following skills: the ability to see problems; to ask questions; put forward hypotheses; define concepts; classify; observation skills and abilities; conducting experiments; ability to draw conclusions and inferences; skills in structuring material; working with text; the ability to prove and defend your ideas.

Each study has its own characteristics. Before starting work, the researcher identifies the nature of the problem. Sets goals and objectives for his future work, outlines paths and searches for specific material. Here it is especially important to take into account the level of research equipment and your capabilities. Based on the rapid changes in society, we are changing the very nature of the educational environment, it is important to develop and improve new methods of education and pedagogical technologies. In this regard, the research activities of students are relevant, aimed at individual personal development, creative initiation, developing the skill of independent navigation in information fields, developing in students a universal ability to pose and solve problems to resolve problems that arise in life - professional activity, self-determination, Everyday life. Particularly important in modern conditions of the information space is the education of a truly free personality, the formation in students of the ability to think independently, obtain and apply knowledge, carefully consider decisions made and clearly plan actions, effectively collaborate in groups of diverse composition and profile, be open to new contacts and cultural connections.

Purpose of the program: Formation of skills to navigate various scientific hypotheses, develop the ability to put forward and develop your own version. Gaining experience of creative activity, the result of which is a specific intellectual product.

Tasks:

familiarizing students with the main components of research activities;

students' mastery of scientific methods of cognition, deepening and creative assimilation of the material being studied;

studying methods and methods for independently solving scientific problems.

List of planned learning outcomes for research activities, correlated with the planned results of mastering the course program:

the ability to generalize, analyze, perceive information, set goals and choose ways to achieve it;

the ability to analyze ideological, socially and personally significant philosophical problems;

the ability to logically and correctly structure oral and written speech;

ability of presentation skills, ability to speak to an audience.

Indicating the place of the course in the structure of the educational program

Studying the course involves mastering theoretical knowledge in the field of research work and a number of practical skills, the implementation of which will allow students to competently approach the scientific problem of their work. Considering the specialization of our Cadet Corps, the content of the elective is focused primarily on conducting research work in law, social science and history, however, mastering the general principles and approaches to organizing this activity presented in it can be used by students to carry out research in other scientific fields .

Section 1. Preparation for research work (3 hours)

Topic 1.1. Specifics of the organization, classes, general requirements for students. The role of research activities in raising the level of education.

Topic 1. 2. Determination of the main components of scientific work. Stages of performing scientific work.

Section 2. Information resources of research work (8 hours)

Topic 2.1. The concept of sources of information for scientific work. Fundamentals of methods for working with sources of information.

Topic 2. 2. Bibliographic resources of scientific research. General bibliographic publications. Library catalogs.

Topic 2. 3. Encyclopedias and reference books. Internet resources in scientific research.

Topic 2. 6. Specifics of the researcher’s work with periodicals.

Section 3. Organization of research activities. (3 hours)

Topic 3.2.Object of research. Goals and objectives of the study.

Section 4. Methods of scientific research. (4 hours)

Section 5. Basics of text logic. (5 o'clock)

Section 6. Registration of the results of research work. (4 hours)

Section 7. Public presentation of scientific research results. (4 hours)

Section 8. Practical orientation in research activities. (3 hours)

	3. Thematic plan
	Name of sections, topics	Quantity hours
	Section 1. Preparation for research work.
	Topic 1.1. Specifics of the organization, classes, general requirements for students. The role of research activities in raising the level of education.
	Topic 1. 2. Determination of the main components of scientific work. Stages of scientific work.
	Section 2. Information resources of research work.
	Topic 2.1. The concept of sources of information for scientific work. Fundamentals of methods for working with information sources.
	Topic 2. 2. Bibliographic resources of scientific research. General bibliographic publications. Library catalogs.
	Topic 2. 3. Encyclopedias and reference books. Internet resources in scientific research.
	Topic 2. 4. Quotes and their use.
	Topic 2. 5. Essay as a brief formulation of the research problem.
	Topic 2. 6. Specifics of a researcher’s work with periodicals.
	Topic 2. 7. Excursion to the city library.
	Section 3. Organization of research activities.
	Topic 3.1. Choosing a research topic. Search and formulation of the problem. Its relevance, novelty, significance. Justification of the relevance of the chosen problem.
	Topic 3.2. Object of study. Goals and objectives of the study.
	Topic 3. 3. The concept of a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an assumption concerning the establishment of patterns of connection between the phenomena under study. Types of hypotheses. Hypothesis formulation technique.
	Section 4. Methods of scientific research.
	Topic 4. 1. Characteristics of scientific research methods. Empirical methods.
	Topic 4. 2. Theoretical methods.
	Topic 4. 3. Organization of experimental work.
	Topic 4. 4. Statistical processing of research results.
	Section 5. Basics of text logic.
	Topic 5. 1. Basic techniques for storing information.
	Topic 5.2. Working with the source. Abstract, abstract, outline, theses, plan. Specifics and purpose of each type of information storage.
	Topic 5. 3. Technology of working on abstracts, types of abstracts. Testing.
	Topic 5. 4 Plan and summary of a literary source.
	Topic 5. 5. Mutual analysis and self-analysis of abstracts on academic subjects. Using a computer to store information.
	Section 6. Registration of the results of research work.
	Topic 6. 1. Structure of scientific work.
	Topic 6. 2. Design of scientific text.
	Topic 6. 3. Design of formulas, tabular and illustrative material.
	Topic 6. 4. Preparation of a list of used literature.
	Section 7. Public presentation of scientific research results.
	Section 7. 1. General characteristics of public speech.
	Section 7. 2. Public speaking and methods of influencing the audience.
	Section 7. 3. Preparation of a public speech.
	Section 7. 4. Basic forms of scientific speech. Ways to organize it in the abstract of a speech.
	Section 8. Practical orientation in research activities.
	Topic 8. 1. Computer workshop.
	Topic 8. 2. Analysis of scientific research works.
Total:

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education

« Tyumen State Oil and Gas University"

General education lyceum

APPROVED

at the meeting

pedagogical council

(protocol No. 1 of 08/28/2015)

WORKING PROGRAMM

Elective course

"RESEARCH ACTIVITY"

Grade 10

Tyumen, 2015

The work program of the elective course “Research Activities” was compiled for 10th grade students.

Calculated: 16 hours.

When developing the program, it is based on the requirements for the logic of scientific research, design and presentation of research results.

Reviewed and approved at a meeting of the methodological association of teachers of humanities (minutes No. 1 of 08/26/2015).

Head of the Moscow Region __________________ E.G. Mironova

The work program was developed by:

Social studies teacher _______________ L.D. Naumova

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Elective course “Research activities”expands the capabilities of students, the range of their meta-subject skills and abilitiesand is aimed at developing educational research skills in high school students based on the disclosure of the main characteristics of the content of the study, the features of its organization and conduct. The elective course program is aimed at familiarizing students with the logic of scientific research, types of information sources and different forms of working with them, research methods, criteria for evaluating research papers and reports, rules for designing works, and different forms of their presentation.

The implementation of the course program involves the active participation of high school students in research activities in the chosen profile in order to expand their knowledge and deeper assimilation of educational material, regardless of their leveldevelopment of research skills. The course involves a lesson system that combines theoretical and practical classes.

Relevance program is due to its methodological significance. The knowledge and skills necessary for organizing project and research activities will in the future become the basis for organizing scientific research activities in universities, colleges, technical schools, etc.

Program implementation period 1 academic year (10th grade). In accordance with the curriculum, 16 hours are allocated for studying the “Research Activities” course in the 10th grade (at the rate of 2 hours every other week).

The elective course alternates between covering theoretical issues and developing practical research skills.

Studying the course “research activities” in high school is aimed at achieving the following goals:

formation scientific worldview;

acquaintance with the principles and rules for organizing research activities;

formation research skills in the process of working on literature;

formation skills of searching and working with various information sources;

development cognitive independence and activity of students;

formation needs for targeted self-education;

development and consolidating the skill of reflecting on one’s own activities in the process of mastering the methods of scientific knowledge;

development independence and responsibility for the results of one’s own activities;

formation skills in presenting the results of one’s own activities,psychological stability in a public speaking situation.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROGRAM COMPLETION LEVEL

As a result of studying the “research activities” course, the student must

know/understand

basics of research methodology:concepts problem, goals, research objectives, object, subject, hypothesis, research methods, outline, plan, bibliography;

rules and stages: scientific organization of educational work, organization of research;

rules for organizing stages and the logic of research activities;

about the features of: taking notes, writing abstracts, writing annotations, reviews;

structure and rules for preparing research work;

about effective ways to present research results.

Be able to

work in the library;

formulate the topic of the research work, prove its relevance;

find information to solve the identified problem using various information resources;

the ability to process information read: make extracts, draw up a complex detailed plan, take notes, highlight the main points, quote, competently refer to the authors of literary sources, compose theses, annotations, abstracts, reviews;

work with various sources of information, including primary sources, correctly quote them, prepare bibliographic references, compile a bibliographic list;

process statistical and computer data;

set goals and objectives of the study;

select research methods that are adequate to the assigned tasks;

use empirical methods of scientific research: observations, questioning, conversation, interviewing, testing, experiment;

plan and conduct observations and experiments;

draw up research work;

organize various resources to implement the idea;

work on abstracts, reports, publicly speak with research results.

In the course of further work with a supervisor on the study, the student gains experience:

working with various information resources;

analysis and summary of literature;

statement of the problem, justification of the relevance of the study;

defining the goals, objectives and hypothesis of the study;

selection of research methods adequate to the objectives;

independent organization of research activities;

reflection on one’s own search and organizational activities;

public defense of the results of their own research at the final conference of lyceum students “Knowledge. The science. Creation".

Forms of control:

observation;

defense of research work or abstract;

participation in scientific and practical conferences.

In the future, it is necessary to provide constant methodological support to students when conducting research, projects and preparing presentations at scientific and practical conferences at various levels and to promote their professional self-determination.

Thematic planning

elective course "Research activities"

Subject

Qty

hours

1. Introduction to research activities

2. How does research differ from a project?

3-4.

3. Research logic

4. Composition of a research paper

5. Design of research work

7-8.

6. Work with literary sources. Design of bibliography and footnotes

9-11.

7. Ways to work with text

8. Experiment: program structure and requirements for results

9. Survey methods. Questionnaire development

14-16.

10. Presentation of the results of research work. Public speaking culture

TOTAL

16 hours

"Research activities"

Topic 1. Introduction to research activities (1 hour).

Subject, content, main objectives and structure of the elective course “Research Activity”. Educational and research activities. Regional and all-Russian scientific and practical conferences and competitions for schoolchildren. Activities of the Lyceum Scientific Society"Knowledge. The science. Creation".

Types of research work: report, abstract, poster report, literature review, review, scientific article, scientific report, abstract, project.

Science as an information process and an element of civilization.The role of science in the modern world. The main function of science as a sphere of human activity.Scientific activity. Scientific principles for assessing events and phenomena. An integrated approach to organizing scientific activities.Features of scientific work. Ethics of scientific work.The concept of intellectual property.

Topic 2. How research differs from a project (1 hour).

Project and research: concept, goals, hypothesis, product. Main stages of design and research activities.

General understanding of research work. The procedure for preparing, organizing and conducting research work. Drawing up an individual work plan.

Topic 3. Research logic (2 hours).

Basic concepts of research work : aspect, hypothesis, deduction, idea, induction, category, concept, keyword, research method, methodology of scientific knowledge, scientific discipline, scientific topic, scientific theory, scientific research, scientific knowledge, scientific fact, review, object of research, subject of research , principle, problem, theory, conclusion.

General diagram of the progress of scientific research : justification of the relevance of the chosen topic, setting the goal and specific objectives of the research, defining the object and subject of the research, formulating a hypothesis, choosing methods and techniques for conducting the research, describing the research process, discussing the research results, formulating conclusions and evaluating the results obtained.

Stages of work within the framework of research activities

choice of topic.

drawing up a work plan.

work with scientific literature.

work with the conceptual apparatus.

experimental work.

Research structure. Introduction. The concept of the relevance of the chosen topic. Broad and narrow topics. Laconism and precision in the formulation of the topic. Relevance is objective and subjective. Identifying a contradiction. Formulation of the problem. Leading idea and hypothesis. The concept of a hypothesis as the initial element of the search for truth, which helps to purposefully collect and group facts (general, particular, single hypotheses). Requirements for a scientific hypothesis. The importance of a hypothesis in determining a research strategy. Development of a working hypothesis. Theoretical and (or) practical novelty and significance of the research.Reasonedness of conclusions.

Method and its role in scientific knowledge. Empirical and theoretical research methods: observation, comparison, measurement, experiment, abstraction, analysis and synthesis, historical method, method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete.Modeling. Mathematical modeling in research. Questionnaire (survey) method. Method of scientific observation. Method of scientific experiment. Thought experiment method. Classification and generalization. Analogy.

Topic 4. Composition of a research paper (1 hour).

Drawing up a complex detailed work plan. The structure of educational research as a special kind of text. Structure of a research work: introduction, main part, conclusion. Studying samples and becoming familiar with the structure of scientific papers.The structure of the content of the research work: title page, table of contents, introduction, chapters of the main part, conclusion (conclusions), list of references, and other sources, appendix.

Topic 5. Design of research work (1 hour).

General rules for text formatting: format, volume, font, spacing, margins, page numbering, headings, footnotes and notes, appendices.

Contents of the theoretical part of the study. Contents of the practical (experimental) part of the study.

Contents of the final part of the study. Formulation of conclusions. Evaluation of the results obtained. Structure of logical inference: premises, conclusion; difference between inference and causal explanation. Deductive and inductive conclusions.

General rules for preparing research papers. Page numbering issues. Presentation of the text. Formulas and units of quantities. Design of illustrations, tables, dates, appendices, list of abbreviations.

Topic 6. Working with literary sources. Preparation of bibliographic list and footnotes (2 hours).

Characteristics of individual literary sources. Magazine article. Review. Annotation. Abstract. Educational and methodological manual. Reference literature. Monograph. Brochure. Collection of scientific articles. Ethics of citation. Making links in work.

Working with a book. Working with reference literature. Dictionaries, encyclopedias. Preparation of a bibliography on the research problem. Working with archival material. Electronic sources and working with them.

Search for information: types of information, review, abstract, signal, reference), methods of information retrieval.

Topic 7. Methods of working with text (3 hours).

Working with primary sources. Methods for processing the received information. Shortening the text. Posing questions to the text. Planning. Note-taking. Drawing up graph diagrams. Extracts. Quotes. Footnotes Thesis (writing out the main judgments). Presentation of the material used in the literature.

Topic 8. Experiment: program structure and requirements for the results of the experiment 1 hour.

Experiment. The role of experiment in science. Types of experiment. Experiment planning. Main tasks of observation. Experiment and observation, their difference. Requirements for preparing the experiment. Methods for recording experimental results.

Topic 9. Survey methods. Questionnaire development (1 hour).

Methods of researching the chosen problem, basics of sociology. Drawing up questionnaires, interview questions, determining the circle of respondents. Processing the results of a sociological survey.

Topic 10. Presentation of the results of research work. The culture of public speaking (3 hours).

Components of a scientific work: research, presentation of research results, editing.

Journal scientific article. Composition. Registration procedure.

Forms for submitting research works: report, abstract, poster presentation, literature review, review, scientific article, scientific report, abstract, project.

A report is one of the most common forms of public speaking. Sequence of report preparation. The structure of a scientific report (introduction - a brief description of the problem, disclosure of the topic, purpose, methods, research; main part - a statement of the content of the issue; conclusion - theoretical conclusions, practical proposals).Requirements for the preparation, writing and presentation of a scientific report.Design (diagrams, tables, maps, drawings, presentations).

Psychological aspect of readiness to perform. Culture of speaking and discussion: following the rules of etiquette, addressing opponents, answering questions, concluding remarks.Composition of an oratorical speech.Laws of eloquence. Recommendations on speech technique. Discussion and debate as genres of rhetoric. Rules for discussion. Criteria for assessing the defense of research work, scientific report.

Analysis of the results of research activities (individual, group). Assessing the degree of novelty and one’s own achievements.Preparation for project defense. Analysis of the collected information, drafting the text of the defense of the work. Making a computer presentation.

Literature

Alekseev N.G., Leontovich A.V. Criteria for the effectiveness of teaching students research activities // Development of students’ research activities: Methodological collection. – M.: Public Education, 2001 – P. 64-68.

Zagvyazinsky Methodology and methods of psychological and pedagogical research: Textbook. A manual for students. ped. textbook establishments. – 2nd ed., erased. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2005. – 208 p.

Methods of systemic pedagogical research: Textbook. M.: Public education. – 2002. – 208 p.

Savenkova A.I. Content and organization of research training for schoolchildren. - "School Principal's Library", 2003, No. 8.

Sidenko A.S., Brusentsova N.V./ Under. Ed. Sidenko A.S. Workbook for a teacher-researcher (a manual to help a beginning researcher). Part 1. M.: APK and PPRO, 2006. – 68 p.

www.researcher.ru portal for student research activities.