Test questionnaire of the J. Rotter locus of control scale. Modern problems of science and education Questionnaire dps 1 questions

When needed: allows you to assess how the evaluated person relates to the events taking place in his life, whether he considers them under control or thinks that he has no power over them.

Survey questionnaire of the level of subjective control (USC)

Instructions: You are offered 44 statements that describe different ways a person interprets the most common social situations. Read each statement carefully, rate the degree of your agreement or disagreement, and put it in answer sheet the number corresponding to your choice:

3 - strongly agree
+2 - agree
+1 - rather agree than disagree
-1 - rather disagree than agree
–2 - disagree
–3 - strongly disagree

Try to use the full range of ratings.

Answer form
_______________________________________________
Full Name

№ p / p	Statement	Grade
	Career advancement depends more on luck than on personal ability and effort.
	Most divorces are due to the fact that people did not want to adapt to each other.
	Illness is a matter of chance; if you are destined to get sick, then nothing can be done
	People find themselves lonely due to the fact that they themselves do not show interest and friendliness to others.
	My desires are often a matter of luck.
	It is useless to make an effort to win the sympathy of others.
	External circumstances, parents and well-being affect family happiness no less than the relationship of spouses
	I often feel that I have little influence on what happens to me.
	As a rule, management is more effective when it has complete control over the actions of subordinates, rather than relying on their independence.
	My grades in school were more dependent on random circumstances (such as the mood of the teacher) than on my own efforts.
	When I make plans, in general, I believe that I can implement them
	What many people think is good or fortunate is actually the result of a long, focused effort.
	I think that the right lifestyle can help your health more than doctors and medicines.
	If people are not suitable for each other, then no matter how hard they try, they will still not be able to establish family life.
	The good things I do are usually appreciated by others.
	Children grow up the way their parents bring them up
	I think that chance or fate does not play an important role in my life.
	I try not to plan far ahead, because a lot depends on how the circumstances turn out.
	My grades in school depended most of all on my efforts and degree of preparedness.
	In family conflicts, I often feel guilty about myself than the other side.
	People's life depends on the coincidence of circumstances
	I prefer a manual where you can decide what to do and how to do it yourself.
	I think that my lifestyle is in no way the cause of my illnesses.
	As a rule, it is an unfortunate combination of circumstances that prevents people from being successful in their business.
	After all, the people who work for the organization are responsible for the poor management of an organization.
	I often feel that I can not change anything in the existing relationship in the family.
	If I really want to, I can win over anyone
	The younger generation is influenced by so many different circumstances that parenting efforts are often useless.
	What happens to me is my handiwork
	It is difficult to understand why leaders do this and not otherwise.
	The person who was unable to succeed in their work most likely did not show enough effort.
	Most of the time, I can get what I want from my family members.
	The troubles and failures in my life were more often blamed for other people than myself.
	A child can always be protected from colds if you follow him and dress him correctly.
	In difficult circumstances, I prefer to wait until problems are resolved by themselves.
	Success is the result of hard work and little depends on chance or luck.
	I feel that the happiness of my family depends on me more than on anyone else.
	I have always found it difficult to understand why some people like me and not like others.
	I always prefer to make a decision and act on your own, rather than relying on other people to help or fate
	Unfortunately, the merits of a person often remain unrecognized, despite all his efforts.
	In family life, there are situations that cannot be resolved even with the strongest desire.
	Talented people who have failed to realize their potential should only blame themselves for this.
	Many of my successes were only possible thanks to the help of other people.
	Most of the failures in my life came from ignorance or laziness and little depended on luck or bad luck

Processing of results

Testing results are processed in several stages. The number corresponding to the choice determines the number of points received for each answer. First, using the keys, the points are calculated for each scale (by simple summation). In this case, the scores for answering questions with a "+" sign are summed up with their own sign, and for questions with a "-" sign - with the opposite sign.

Keys to scales

1. Scale of general internality (IO)

2. Scale of internality in the field of achievement (ID)

3. Scale of internality in the area of ​​failure (Jing)

5. The scale of internality in the field of industrial relations (Ip)

7. Scale of internality in relation to health and disease (From)

As a result of calculating points for each of the scales, so-called "raw" points are obtained, which must be converted into standard grades (walls). For this, use a special table.

Conversion table of "raw" points to standard grades

Click image for larger version

The resulting grades in the walls are entered into a table:

Summary table of results

The results expressed in the walls are compared with the norm (5.5 walls). An indicator above 5.5 walls indicates an internal type of control in this area, below 5.5 - an external one.

Results can also be presented as a graph or profile.

Example of USK graph

Example of USK profile

Interpretation of the obtained results

Psychologically, a person with high subjective control possesses emotional stability, tenacity, determination, sociability, high self-control and restraint. Man with low subjective control emotionally unstable, prone to informal behavior, uncommunicative, poor self-control and high tension.

General internality scale (Io). High rate on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over any significant situations. Such people believe that most of the important events in their lives are the result of their own actions, that they can control them. They feel their own responsibility for these events and for the way their life in general develops. Subjects with low level subjective control do not see the connection between their actions and significant events in their lives. They do not consider themselves able to control their development and believe that most events are the result of an accident or the actions of others.

Achievement internality scale (ID). High rate on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over emotionally positive events and situations. Such people believe that they themselves have achieved everything that was and is in their life, and that they are able to successfully achieve their goal in the future. Low rate on the scale indicates that a person attributes his successes and achievements to circumstances - luck, good fortune, or the help of other people.

The scale of internality in the area of ​​failure (Jing). High rate on this scale reflects a developed sense of subjective control in relation to negative events and situations, which manifests itself in a tendency to blame oneself for various troubles and sufferings. Low rate indicates that the subject is inclined to attribute responsibility for such events to other people or to consider them the result of bad luck.

The scale of internality in the field of family relations (Is). High rate Is means that a person considers himself responsible for the events taking place in his family life. Low rate Is indicates that the subject considers his partners to be responsible for the situations that arise in his family.

The scale of internality in the field of industrial relations (Ip). High rate on this scale indicates that in the organization of his production activities, a person relies mainly on himself. He believes that he can influence, manage and be responsible for his relationships with colleagues; thinks that his professional career, promotion depends more on himself than on other people or on external forces. Low rate indicates that a person has a tendency not to take responsibility for their professional successes and failures. Such a person believes that it is not himself, but someone else - bosses, colleagues, luck, etc. - that determine everything that happens to him in this area.

The scale of internality in the field of interpersonal relations (them). High rate It testifies to them that a person considers himself able to control his formal and informal relations with other people, to arouse respect and sympathy for himself. Low rate on the contrary, it indicates that a person cannot actively form his social circle and is inclined to regard his interpersonal relations as the result of the activity of partners.

Internality Scale for Health and Disease (From). High rate indicate that the subject considers himself responsible for his health: if he is sick, he blames himself for this and believes that recovery largely depends on his actions. Man with low rate on this scale, he considers illness to be the result of an accident and hopes that recovery will come as a result of the actions of others, primarily doctors.

For professional diagnostics, the most informative are the results on the scale of internality in industrial relations (Ip). Results on other scales make it possible to build a multidimensional profile. Since most people are characterized by a more or less wide variability of behavior depending on specific social situations, the characteristics of subjective control can also change in a person, depending on whether the situation seems to him difficult or simple, pleasant or unpleasant, etc.

The level of subjective control increases as a result of psychological correction. It should be remembered that internals prefer non-directive methods of psychological correction; and externalities, as individuals with increased anxiety, prone to depression, are subjectively more satisfied with behavioral methods.

• Psychology: Personality and Business

Keywords:

1 -1

Test questionnaire developed by E.F. Bazhin et al. On the basis of J. Rotter's locus of control scale

Subjective control study

Instructions to the test subject. “The questionnaire offered to you contains 44 statements. Read them and answer whether you agree with this statement or not. If you agree, put a "+" sign in front of the corresponding number in the answer sheet, if you do not agree, put a "-" sign. Remember, there are no “bad” or “good” answers in the test. Express your opinion freely and sincerely. The answer that first came to your mind is preferable. "

Questionnaire

1. Career advancement depends more on a lucky coincidence than on a person's abilities and efforts.

2. Most divorces are due to the fact that people did not want to adapt to each other.

3. Illness is a matter of chance, if you are destined to get sick, then nothing can be done.

4. People find themselves lonely due to the fact that they themselves do not show interest and friendliness to others.

5. The fulfillment of my desires often depends on luck.

6. It is useless to make an effort to win the sympathy of others.

7. External circumstances (parents, welfare) affect family happiness no less than the relationship between spouses.

8. I often feel that I have little influence on what happens to me.

9. As a rule, management is more effective when it completely controls the actions of subordinates, rather than relying on their independence.

10. My grades in school often depended on random circumstances (for example, the mood of the teacher) rather than my own efforts.

11. When I make plans, I generally believe that I can carry them out.

12. What many people think is good or fortunate is actually the result of a long, focused effort.

13. I think that a correct lifestyle can help more health than doctors and medicines.

14. If people do not suit each other, then, no matter how hard they try, they will still not be able to establish family life.

15. The good I do is usually appreciated by others.

16. Children grow up the way their parents bring them up.

17. I think that chance or fate does not play an important role in my life.

18. I try not to plan far ahead, because a lot depends on how the circumstances turn out.

19. My grades in school depended most of all on my efforts and degree of preparedness.

20. In family conflicts I often feel guilty about myself rather than the other side.

21. The life of most people depends on the coincidence of circumstances.

22. I prefer a manual in which you can independently determine what and how to do.

23. I think that my way of life is in no way the cause of my illnesses.

24. As a rule, it is an unfortunate combination of circumstances that prevents people from being successful in their business.

25. Ultimately, the people who work for the organization are responsible for the poor management of an organization.

26. I often feel that I can not change anything in the existing relationships in the family.

27. If I really want to, I can win over almost anyone.

28. The growing generation is influenced by so many different circumstances that the efforts of parents to educate them are often futile.

29. What happens to me is the work of my own hands.

30. It is difficult to understand why leaders do this and not otherwise.

31. A person who has not been able to achieve success in his work, most likely, has not shown enough effort.

32. More often than not, I can get what I want from my family members.

33. Other people were more often to blame for the troubles and failures that were in my life than me.

34. A child can always be protected from colds if you follow him and dress him correctly.

35. In difficult circumstances, I prefer to wait until the problem resolves itself.

36. Success is the result of hard work and little depends on chance or luck.

37. I feel that the happiness of my family depends on me more than on anyone else.

38. I have always found it difficult to understand why some people like me and not like others.

39. I always prefer to make a decision and act on my own, rather than relying on the help of other people or fate.

40. Unfortunately, the merits of a person often go unrecognized, despite all his efforts.

41. In family life, there are situations that cannot be resolved even with the strongest desire.

42. Talented people who have failed to realize their potential should only blame themselves for this.

43. Many of my successes were possible only thanks to the help of other people.

44. Most of the failures in my life came from inability, ignorance or laziness and little depended on luck or bad luck.

Processing of results

The purpose of processing the results is to obtain an indicator of the locus of subjective control, that is, an indicator of the general internality of “Io”. It is the sum of coincidences of the subject's answers with the answers to the questions given in the key.

Analysis of the results

Locus of control is a characteristic of the volitional sphere of a person, which reflects his tendency to ascribe responsibility for the results of his activities to external forces or his own abilities and efforts. Assigning responsibility for the results of one's activities to external forces is called an external, or external, locus of control, and assigning responsibility to one's own abilities and efforts - internal, internal, locus of control.

Thus, two polar types of personalities are possible, depending on the localization of control: external and internal. Any person has a definite position on a continuum stretching from the external to the internal type.

0 _______________ ¦ ______________ 44

external internal

The locus of control indicator (Io) obtained in the process of processing the results is deciphered as follows:

In general, the greater the amount of internality, the less externality.

The locus of control characteristic of a person is universal in relation to all types of events and situations that he has to face. The same type of control is manifested in cases of failure and in cases of achievement, and this is observed in different spheres of the subject's life.

To determine the level of the locus of control, the following boundaries of the internality scale are used.

At low level of internality people hardly trace the connection between their actions and the events of life that are significant for them. They do not consider themselves able to control the development of such events and believe that most of them are the result of an accident or the action of others. Therefore, “externalities” are emotionally unstable, prone to informal communication and behavior, uncommunicative, they have poor self-control and high tension.

High level of internality corresponds to a high level of subjective control over any significant situations. People who have such a locus of control believe that most of the important events in their lives were the result of their own actions, that they can control them and feel responsible for these events, and for the way their life in general develops. “Internals” with high levels of subjective control have emotional stability, tenacity, determination, are sociable, have good self-control and restraint.

Average level of internality typical for most people. The peculiarities of their subjective control may vary somewhat depending on whether the situation is difficult or simple to a person, pleasant or unpleasant, etc. But although their behavior and psychological sense of responsibility for it depends on specific social situations, it is still possible to establish the prevalence of one or another type of locus of control in them.

Thus, the subjective locus of control is associated with a person's sense of his strength, dignity, responsibility for what is happening, with self-respect, social maturity and personality independence. Therefore, when making recommendations for self-improvement, you should take into account that:

· Conformal, compliant behavior is to a large extent inherent in people with an external locus of control; internals are less inclined to obey the pressure (opinions, emotions, etc.) of other people;

· A person with an internal locus of control works better alone;

· Internals are more actively seeking information and are usually more aware of the situation than external ones;

· The internals have a more active position in relation to their health than externals.

Studies have shown that interns are more popular, occupy a favorable position in the system of interpersonal relations. They are more benevolent, more self-confident and more tolerant.

Individuals with an internal locus of control prefer non-directive methods of education and psychocorrection. And when working with externalities, it is important to take care of reducing the often observed anxiety and depression.

Methodology for studying self-esteem of personality
Instructions: Carefully read the words that characterize individual personality traits (character traits):

· Accuracy, · carelessness, · thoughtfulness, · sensitivity, · pride, · rudeness, · cheerfulness, · caring, · envy, · responsiveness, · pedantry, · mobility, · suspicion, · integrity, · poetry, · contempt, · cordiality ,

Shyness, rancorousness, sincerity, sophistication, capriciousness, gullibility, slowness, dreaminess, suspiciousness, vindictiveness, swagger, rationality, decisiveness, self-forgetfulness, restraint, compassion, bashfulness,

· Persistence, · tenderness, · ease, · nervousness, · indecision, · intemperance, · charm, · resentment, · caution, · patience, · cowardice, · enthusiasm, · persistence, · compliance, · coldness, · enthusiasm.

Make two rows of words, 10-20 words each.
In the first column - let's call it "My Ideal" - put the words that describe your ideal.

In the second - let's call it "Antiideal" - words denoting features that the ideal should not possess.

From the first ("positive") and second ("negative") rows, select those traits that you think you possess. In this case, the choice must be made according to the "yes - no" system: whether you have this trait or not, regardless of the degree of its severity.

Processing, results and conclusions

Divide the number of positive traits that you ascribe to yourself by the number of words in the column "My Ideal". If the result is close to one, you are likely overestimating yourself; a result close to zero indicates underestimation and increased self-criticism; if the result is close to 0.5, the average self-esteem is normal, and you perceive yourself rather critically.

In the same way, conclusions are drawn based on a comparison of the identified negative qualities with the column "Antiideal". Here, a result close to zero indicates an overestimated self-esteem, to one - underestimated, to 0.5 - normal.

Purpose of the study: to determine the level of development of volitional self-regulation.

Research procedure

The study of volitional self-regulation using a test questionnaire is carried out either with one subject or with a group. To ensure the independence of the answers of the subjects, everyone receives the text of the questionnaire, an answer form, on which the numbers of the questions are printed and next to them the column for the answer.

Instructions to the test subject... You are offered a test containing 30 statements. Read each carefully and decide if the given statement is true or false in relation to you. If it is true, then in the answer sheet put a plus (+) sign next to the number of this statement, and if you think that it is wrong in relation to you, then a minus (-).

Test

1. If something doesn't go well, I often have a desire to quit.
2. I do not give up my plans and affairs, even if I have to choose between them and a pleasant company.
3. If necessary, it is not difficult for me to contain the outburst of anger.
4. I usually stay calm while waiting for my buddy to be late at the appointed time.
5. It is difficult to distract me from the work I have begun.
6. Physical pain knocks me out.
7. I always try to listen to the interlocutor without interrupting, even if I can't wait to object to him.
8. I always "bend" my line.
9. If necessary, I can stay up all night long (for example, work, watch) and be in "good shape" the next day.
10. My plans are too often crossed out by external circumstances.
11. I consider myself a patient person.
12. It’s not so easy for me to force myself to watch the exhilarating sight in cold blood.
13. I rarely manage to force myself to keep going after a series of disappointing setbacks.
14. If I treat someone badly, it is difficult for me to hide my affection for him.
15. If necessary, I can go about my business in an uncomfortable and inappropriate environment.
16. My work is greatly complicated by the realization that it must be done by a certain date by all means.
17. I consider myself a decisive person.
18. Physical fatigue is easier for me to cope with than others.
19. Better to wait for the elevator that just left than to climb the stairs.
20. It's not so easy to spoil my mood.
21. Sometimes some trifle takes possession of my thoughts, does not give rest, and I just cannot get rid of it.
22. I find it harder to focus on a task or job than others.
23. It's hard to argue with me.
24. I always strive to bring the work started to the end.
25. I am easily distracted from business.
26. I sometimes notice that I am trying to achieve my goal in defiance of objective circumstances.
27. People sometimes envy my patience and meticulousness.
28. I find it difficult to stay calm in a stressful situation.
29. I notice that during monotonous work, I involuntarily begin to change the way of action, even if this sometimes leads to worse results.
30. I am usually very annoyed when the doors of outgoing vehicles or elevators are slammed "in front of my nose".

Processing of results

The purpose of processing the results is to determine the values ​​of volitional self-regulation indices by items of the general scale (B) and indices by subscales "persistence" (H) and "self-control" (C).

Each index is the sum of points obtained when calculating the coincidence of the subject's answers with the key of the general scale or subscale.

The questionnaire contains disguised statements. Therefore, the total total score on the "B" scale should be in the range from 0 to 24, on the "persistence" subscale - from 0 to 16, and on the "self-control" subscale - from 0 to 13:

The key for calculating the indices of volitional self-regulation.

Analysis of the results

In the very general view the level of volitional self-regulation is understood as a measure of mastering one's own behavior in various situations, the ability to consciously control one's actions, states and impulses.

The level of development of volitional self-regulation can be characterized as a whole and separately by such character traits as perseverance and self-control.

The levels of volitional self-regulation are determined in comparison with the average values ​​of each of the scales. If they make up more than half of the maximum possible amount of coincidences, then this indicator reflects a high level of development of general self-regulation, perseverance or self-control. For the "B" scale this value is 12, for the "H" scale - 8, for the "C" scale - 6.

A high score on the "B" scale is characteristic of people who are emotionally mature, active, independent, and independent. They are distinguished by calmness, self-confidence, stability of intentions, realistic views, and a developed sense of their own duty. As a rule, they reflect well on personal motives, systematically realize the intentions that have arisen, are able to distribute efforts and are able to control their actions, have a pronounced socially positive orientation. In extreme cases, they may have an increase in internal tension associated with the desire to control every nuance of their own behavior and anxiety about its slightest spontaneity.

A low score is observed in people who are sensitive, emotionally unstable, vulnerable, and insecure. Their reflexivity is low, and the general background of activity, as a rule, is reduced. They are characterized by impulsiveness and instability of intentions. This may be due to both immaturity and a pronounced sophistication of nature, not supported by the ability for reflection and self-control.

The subscale "persistence" characterizes the strength of a person's intentions - his desire to complete the work he has begun. On the positive pole, there are active, hard-working people who actively strive to accomplish what they have planned, they are mobilized by obstacles on the way to the goal, but alternatives and temptations are distracted, their main value is the business that has been started. Such people are characterized by respect for social norms, the desire to completely subordinate their behavior to them. In extreme terms, a loss of flexibility in behavior, the emergence of manic tendencies is possible. Low values ​​on this scale indicate increased lability, uncertainty, impulsivity. which can lead to inconsistent and even scattered behavior. The reduced background of activity and efficiency, as a rule, is compensated for in such persons by increased sensitivity, flexibility, ingenuity, as well as a tendency towards a free interpretation of social norms.

The self-control subscale reflects the level of voluntary control of emotional reactions and states. A high score on the subscale is gained by people who are emotionally stable and have good control over themselves in various situations. Their inherent inner calmness, self-confidence frees from the fear of the unknown, increases the readiness to perceive the new, the unexpected and, as a rule, is combined with freedom of views, a tendency to innovation and radicalism. At the same time, the desire for constant self-control, excessive conscious limitation of spontaneity can lead to an increase in internal tension, the predominance of constant concern and fatigue.

At the other extreme of this subscale, spontaneity and impulsivity, combined with resentment and preference for traditional views, protect a person from intense experiences and internal conflicts contribute to a calm mood backdrop.

UDC 159.9: 34.01

PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM DEPERSONALIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE (DPS)

Burtseva E.V.

Vladivostok branch of FGOU VPO Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russian Federation, Russia, 690087, Vladivostok, st. Kotelnikova 21,[email protected] .

The professional system produces a depersonalizing effect on the personality. The subjective response to the depersonalizing influence of the environment is coping-personalization, or a person's ability to coping-personal behavior - the conscious use of adaptive coping strategies to cope with the depersonalizing influence of the environment. A person should be personalized in the environment, represent himself in the professional field, present himself as a person and as a professional. The article presents the author's questionnaire of depersonalization by a professional system (DPS) with a description and explanation of the questions that make up its scale, the results of standardization and testing, interpretation and recommendations for use. The level of coping personification according to the DPS questionnaire has a pronounced correlation with the level of personal self-government. In order to develop personal coping behavior, it is necessary to develop the ability of personal self-government.

Keywords: depersonalization, coping-personalization, coping-personal behavior, DPS questionnaire (depersonalization by a professional system).

In the course of his labor activity, a person is objectively in certain conditions in which this activity is carried out. Opportunities, personality traits of a person are manifested within the professional system. Depending on a person's perception of a given situation, this framework can be felt as "rigid", limiting, or as supportive, strengthening. In any case, the subject of activity must find the relationship between external and internal determinations, necessity and freedom, regulation, normativity, standardization and individualization. Any professional system, and especially one with an authoritarian style of management, with a subject-object approach to vertical interaction between the boss and the subordinate, produces a depersonalizing effect on the personality. Personalization by A.V. Petrovsky is “the ability of an individual to condition changes in significant aspects of the individuality of other people, to be a subject of transforming the behavior and consciousness of others through his reflection (“ personalization ”) in them." Accordingly, de-personalization is the reverse process of transforming a person from a subject into an object that does not have any effect on the situation and people, respectively, which is not reflected in others for himself and therefore is not perceived by himself, alienated from himself. Alienation from oneself in a professional environment shows, in our opinion, that a person is maladjusted, possibly in a depressive state, feels out of place. Maybe the reason lies in the lack of the skill of self-presentation, self-presentation, self-affirmation. Or it may be that the professional environment is exerting undue pressure on the individual. In any case, a person must find the strength to either change the situation (for example, leave an unfavorable place of work for his personality), or change his attitude to the situation, learn to cope with the depersonalizing influence of the system, personalize in the environment, represent himself in the professional sphere, present as a person and as a professional.

The first step towards such self-change, we believe, should be the awareness of the problem. A person must clearly see and realize what his sense of self is in a professional environment, in a team of employees. It is for this purpose that the professional system depersonalization questionnaire (DPS) was created. In this article, we present the questionnaire itself with a description and explanation of the questions that make up its scale, with the results of standardization and approbation.

The questionnaire consists of ten pairs of statements opposite in meaning, between which there are scales from "0" to "10" (Table 1). In the instructions, the respondents are asked to assess their usual state and self-awareness at the workplace, in the office setting, circling the corresponding score on the scale. The method of work can be both individual and group.

Table 1.

	Little depends on my decisions		Much depends on my decisions
	I feel insignificant	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	I feel my importance
	I do not meddle in solving business problems, usually "the bosses know best"	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	They cannot do without my participation in solving business problems.
	I still can't influence the situation	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	I can greatly influence the situation
	I prefer to keep my opinion to myself	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	I try to make my opinion heard
	I feel like a cog in a big machine	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	I feel like a solid, well-oiled mechanism
	Nobody asks my opinion	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	The bosses listen to my opinion
	My personal boundaries are violated all the time, I feel addicted	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	I feel autonomous and independent
	My goals are different from the goals of the organization	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	My goals and the goals of the organization are the same
	The professional system depresses me	0..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10	A professional system is a resource for me

As a result of standardization of the questionnaire on a sample of 300 people, police officers and researchers aged 23 - 47 years, the following norms were identified:

0 - 29 - very high DPS value; 30 - 49 - high DPS value; 50-70 - average DPS value; 71-90 - low DPS value; 91 - 100 - Very low DPS value.

The lower the scores, that is, the more the circled values ​​are deviated to the left, the stronger the depersonalizing influence of the professional system on the personality, the less the person's ability to resist this influence. The higher the scores, that is, the more the circled values ​​are deviated to the right, the less a person experiences the depersonalizing influence of the professional system, the greater the person's ability to resist this influence. For greater clarity, the respondents are invited to connect the circled numbers with a line, thus obtaining a graph - the "curve" of depersonalization.

Let us describe how the approbation and standardization of the methodology was carried out. At the first stage, the conceptual content was clarified, statements were formulated that were the points of the questionnaire, and the obvious validity and degree of understanding of the text received were assessed.

Comparisons of indicators of different sex and age groups carried out within the samples did not reveal significant differences. Contrary to our expectations, no significant differences were found between the results of the two professional groups - employees of the internal affairs bodies and employees of a research institute. The distribution of answers was not significantly different from the normal one. The internal consistency of the questions in the DPS questionnaire calculated on this sample is quite high (Cronbach's α 0.7), which suggests that they all measure the same object - depersonalization by the professional system. We will discuss each question.

Low indicators for points 1 - "little depends on my decisions - a lot depends on my decisions" (average value 5.9) and 4 - "I still cannot influence the situation - I can strongly influence the situation" (average value 5,8) speak of "learned helplessness." This is a state that occurs in a situation when it seems that external events do not depend on us, and we can do nothing to prevent or modify them. A person feels helpless before the impact of the external environment on him. He is sure that he is unable to influence the circumstances, he cannot control his life. There is a rejection of attempts to solve problems that can be solved on the basis of internal resources.

A low score on point 2 - “I feel my insignificance - I feel my importance” (average value 6.5) may indicate a depressive state, a loss of meaning in life. Feeling like a "cog" of a large mechanism (item 6, average value 5.6) is not always bad, sometimes it means well-coordinated teamwork, if the scores for all other items of the questionnaire are high. If low scores prevail, this response also indicates depersonalization. It is preferable for a person to feel like a "whole, well-oiled mechanism", this reflects the psychological health of a person, professional adaptation, personalization.

According to point 3 (I do not meddle in solving official problems, usually “the bosses know better” - they don’t do without my participation in solving official problems), the lowest average value of all points (4.9) was obtained, since in the authoritarian system of subordination there are principles subordination and separation of powers. But still, this item also has agreement with all the others, so it was left in the questionnaire. In addition, a person, in any case, should strive to solve official problems on his own.

Items 5 - “I prefer to keep my opinion to myself - I try to make my opinion heard” (average value 6.7) and 7 “Nobody asks my opinion - the management listens to my opinion” (average value 5.7) reflect readiness person to express their point of view, to position themselves. If such readiness is absent, or low, then this indicates the predominance of the person's motivation to avoid failures (which is confirmed experimentally).

The low score for point 8 - "My personal boundaries are constantly violated, I feel addiction - I feel autonomous and independent" (average value 5.8) indicates a person's uncomfortable self-awareness at the workplace, in their professional position. This can be due to both external reasons (authoritarian-manipulative style of leadership, personal characteristics of colleagues), and internal - a person's inability to build personal boundaries, to overcome the depersonalizing influence of the environment.

Achieving a positive result in activity is closely related to the joint purposeful activity of the team: subdivision, department, group, etc., which requires from a person, on the one hand, initiative and activity, on the other, conscious self-restraint of personal initiative and activity in the name of achieving common goals. Moreover, personal and public (professional) goals must be agreed upon. Clause 9 of our questionnaire is directed to find out whether this agreement exists - “My goals differ from the goals of the organization - my goals and the goals of the organization coincide” (average value 6.3).

Item 10 of the questionnaire - "The professional system oppresses me - the professional system is a resource for me" (average value 6.5) finds out a person's attitude to the professional system. Does he perceive the system as a resource from which it is possible to draw energy to overcome life and professional difficulties, which provides support, or the system is for him an anti-resource that has a depersonalizing influence that deprives a person of subjectivity.

The posed problem of depersonalization by the professional system, like any other, requires a solution. The counterbalance to depersonalization by a professional system, from our point of view, is coping-personalization as overcoming depersonalization, a subjective response to the depersonalizing influence of the environment. That is, a person's inability to resist depersonalization by a professional system has the opposite pole - it is a person's ability to coping-personal behavior - the conscious use of adaptive coping strategies to cope with the depersonalizing influence of the environment.

In general, "soping behavior" is coping behavior, co-dominant behavior. Behavioral efforts aimed at overcoming the leveling influence of the system, building personal boundaries of the "I", reaching a conscious level of self-regulation, self-government, we called coping-personification

Let us give an interpretation of the RPS questionnaire values ​​obtained as a result of standardization (depersonalization by the professional system), taking into account the newly introduced concept:

0 - 29 - very low coping personification, very high DPS value

People with such results are more likely to be depressed, not confident in themselves, do not even try to overcome the pressure of the environment (which they feel as aggressive towards themselves). Employees with such indicators need special attention from a psychologist.

30 - 49 - low coping personification, high DPS value.

People who have shown a general result in these intervals are cautious, prefer not to stick their heads out, it is easier for them to convince themselves that nothing depends on them, than to make attempts to change the situation. They avoid responsibility whenever possible, although they can be good performers. Despite the emotional discomfort of their stay at their workplace, in a professional environment, they are in no hurry to change anything, they lack determination.

50-70 - average coping-personification, average DPS value.

Such people prefer to adhere to the "golden mean" in everything. They are careful in their statements, but if necessary, they can express their opinion. They recognize the influence of the environment, but do not experience much discomfort from it. They prefer a compromise in a relationship. They do not see the need to "go on a rampage", proving their point of view.

71-90 - high coping personification, low DPS value.

High scores indicate self-confidence, adaptability of a person in the workplace, a sense of their importance, a desire to actively participate in solving official issues, responsibility. Such people strive to express their opinion, influence the situation, position themselves as active figures.

91 - 100 - very high coping personification, very low DPS value

People with very high scores deny the depersonalizing influence of the professional system and position themselves as an independent person who has a great influence on the situation. This is a psychologically favorable position, unless it is defensive in nature. In this case, a person may try to aggressively impose his opinion on others, behave in disregard of the requirements of the situation.

As conclusions, we will determine the possibilities of using the traffic police questionnaire for working with employees and teams.

Due to its compactness (filling time is 2-3 minutes) and clarity (especially if you connect the circled numbers with a graph), the questionnaire can be used in group work as an independent study, or as an addition to other tests.

When conducted anonymously, the data can provide the psychologist and managers with an understanding of the psychological self-awareness of employees. We use the DPS questionnaire in the educational process on subjects of psychological and pedagogical orientation, together with other tests (T. Ehlers' motivational questionnaires; questionnaires that identify coping strategies, etc.) in order to increase the self-awareness of students, their understanding of strategies and the reasons for their own behavior.

If the survey is not carried out anonymously, then, together with other methods, the traffic police questionnaire can be used to identify employees who are in depressive, psychologically unfavorable conditions.

When a psychologist works individually with employees, asking to fill out this questionnaire before consulting, you can pay special attention to items with low scores (0 - 3), talk with the employee about his feelings and opinions on these positions.

Our research has also shown that the level of coping personification according to the DPS questionnaire has a pronounced correlation (p = 0.01) with the level of personal self-government according to N.M. Peisakhova. This means that if a person has a high level of self-government, that is, he can analyze the situation, navigate in it, predict its development, determine goals, plan their achievement, designate benchmarks for his achievements, make decisions, exercise self-control and correct his actions, then he is able to cope with the depersonalizing influence of the environment. Accordingly, in order to develop personal coping behavior, it is necessary to develop the ability of personal self-government.

Bibliography

Acmeology: Textbook / Under total. ed. A.A. Derkach., Moscow: RAGS Publishing House, 2002 .-- 650 p.

Fundamentals of Psychology: Workshop / Edited by L.D. Stolyarenko. Ed. 2nd, add. and rework. - Rostov n / a: "Phoenix", 2001. - 704 p., P. 217 - 218.

Peisakhov N.M., Shevtsov M.N. Practical psychology. - Kazan: Publishing house of KSU, 1991 .-- 123 p.

Petrovsky V.A. Artur Vladimirovich Petrovsky: Scientific developments and discoveries of recent years. http://www.bimbad.ru/biblioteka/article_full.php?aid=267&binn_rubrik_pl_articles=173 - (access date 10/18/2011)

Lazarus R.S., Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer, 1984.

Seligman M.E.P. Helplessnes: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: Freeman, 1975.

Burtseva E.V. DEPERSONALIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE BY PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM (DPS) // Scientific electronic archive.
URL: (date of access: 03/04/2020).

It is used for examining adults.

Purpose: to determine the characteristics of moods and some other characteristics personal level mental state using subjective assessments of the subject. The main purpose of the questionnaire is to diagnose relatively stable (dominant) states.

Instruction. The questionnaire contains signs that describe the state, behavior, and attitude of a person to various phenomena. Evaluate how these signs are characteristic of you, bearing in mind not only the present day, but a longer period of time.

Do not seek to "improve" or "worsen" the answers, this will lead to unreliable results, since the technique catches distortions and insincerity of the answers. You can be sure that your answers will not be released.

Your agreement with each judgment given in the questionnaire must be expressed using a seven-point scale:

1 - strongly disagree;

2 - slightly agree;

3 - agree almost half;

4 - half agree;

5 - more than half agree;

6 - agree almost completely;

7 - I agree completely.

By choosing one of the scale points: 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, you will express the degree of your agreement with this judgment. Write the selected score on the answer sheet next to the serial number of this item, indicating at the top of the sheet your last name (or nickname), date and time of the start of work.

Do not skip a single item on the questionnaire. We ask you not to write or underline anything in the text of the questionnaire. Please do not transfer one number to another in the same place. To correct it, cross out the unnecessary number and write a new one on the right.

Questionnaire

1. My body reacts strongly to changes in weather or climate change.

2. Very often there is a mood when I easily get distracted from the business, become distracted and dreamy.

3. I am anxious very often.

4. I often fall asleep badly.

5. A lot of minor troubles pisses me off.

6. My thoughts constantly return to possible failures, and it is difficult for me to direct them in another direction.

7. I often praise people I know very little.

8. I feel vague anxiety, fear, I do not know why.

9. If everyone is against me, I do not lose heart.

10. I wake up in the morning exhausted and tired.

11. I often feel useless.

12. I cannot control my frustration or anger.

13. Difficult tasks cheer me up.

14. I often have a headache.

15. It often happens that I gossip with someone.

16. I often have a premonition that some kind of punishment awaits me.

17. I am easily hurt by a word.

18. I am full of energy.

19. There is a conflict between my plans and reality.

20. In situations of prolonged neuropsychic stress, I show endurance.

21. My table manners at home are usually not as good as at a party.

22. Very often some trifle takes possession of my thoughts and bothers me for several days.

23. Very often I feel tired, lethargic.

24. I miss an opportunity because I don't make a decision quickly enough.

25. There are so many things that annoy me easily.

26. I often feel stressed and anxious about what happened during the day.

27. When I'm not feeling well, I'm irritable.

28. Very often I have a blues (melancholy mood).

29. In the morning, after waking up, I feel tired and overwhelmed for a long time.

30. I like to constantly overcome new difficulties.

31. I have a desire to change a lot in my lifestyle, but I lack the strength.

32. Most of the time, I get over frustration easily.

33. Satisfaction of some of my needs and desires makes it impossible to satisfy others.

34. Often an indecent or even obscene joke makes me laugh.

35. I look to the future with complete confidence.

36. I very often lose my patience.

37. People disappoint me.

38. I often have bad thoughts that it is better not to talk about.

39. I quickly get bored with everything.

40. It seems to me that I am close to a nervous breakdown.

41. I often feel general weakness.

42. I am often told that I am quick-tempered.

Interpretation of results. In this technique, when interpreting the obtained numerical values, the translation of raw scores into standard ones, into T-scores, is used. The standard T-score scales are constructed as follows: average values ​​are equated to 50 T-points; 10 T-points are equal to one sigma (sigma is the standard deviation.)

Higher marks on one scale or another are marks of 55 or more T-points. This is more than half a sigma deviation from the mean.

Downgraded grades are grades of 45 or less T-points. This is more than half a sigma deviation from the average.

High marks are marks of 60 or more T-points.

Low marks are marks of 40 or less T-points.

Scale "Ak": "active - passive attitude to the life situation." This scale allows you to get an idea of ​​the characteristics of the state, in most cases, more strongly dependent on the corresponding personality trait - activity than on other factors. It should be borne in mind that activity is only relatively stable, since the predisposition to an active or passive attitude, response depends on many current circumstances, the social environment, as well as events preceding the life period of the individual. To diagnose states and moods, it is especially important to take into account the strength of faith in achieving your goals, to identify an active or passive position in relation to the current life situation. This parameter is especially important in the diagnosis of stressful conditions.

High marks - over 60 T-points. An active, optimistic attitude towards the life situation is expressed, there is a readiness to overcome obstacles, faith in one's own capabilities. Feeling empowered to overcome obstacles and achieve your goals. Cheerfulness is higher than that of most people.

Low marks - less than 40 T-points. A passive attitude to the life situation, in the assessment of many life situations, a pessimistic position prevails, disbelief in the possibility of successfully overcoming obstacles.

Scale "To": "tone: high - low." In a situation of acute stress, a person often experiences a feeling of increased strength, but the opposite picture is often observed - a feeling of weakness. A similar picture can be observed with prolonged stress. Energy characteristics for any mental state are the most important measurement. They are especially necessary for predicting the developed state of an individual. In the diagnosis of stressful conditions, they provide valuable information about the depth of stress.

High marks. Characterized by high activity, sthenic reaction to emerging difficulties. Subjective feelings of inner composure, reserve of strength, energy. Readiness for work, including long-term work.

Low marks.

Characterized by fatigue, incoherence, lethargy, inertia, low efficiency. There are fewer opportunities to be active, to expend energy, the resource of forces is reduced, and fatigue is increased. The tendency to show asthenic reactions to difficulties that arise.

Scale "Cn": "calmness - anxiety." In the mental state, the experience of anxiety is of decisive importance for a number of other phenomena. It is anxiety that enhances the sound of emotiogenic stimuli of various strengths, including insignificant ones, increasing the intensity of negative emotions, exacerbating their negative impact on consciousness, behavior and activity. The scale is designed to measure the level of generalized anxiety. In the literature, it is also designated by the terms "free floating", "unmotivated", etc. Among the types of anxiety for this type of people, long-term, long-lasting emotional experiences are most characteristic.

High marks. Greater confidence in their abilities and capabilities than most people.

Low marks. There is a tendency to feel anxiety in a wide range of life situations, to see a threat to prestige, well-being, no matter how real the reasons are. Expectation of events with an unfavorable outcome, a presentiment of a future threat (punishment, loss of respect or self-respect) without a clear awareness of its sources.

Scale "Us": "stability - instability of the emotional tone."

High marks. An even positive emotional tone prevails, a calm course of emotional processes. High emotional stability, in a state of emotional arousal, the adequacy and effectiveness of mental self-regulation, behavior and activity are preserved. Very low grades can be interpreted as emotional rigidity.

Low marks. Emotional stability is reduced, emotional excitement easily arises, mood is changeable, irritability is increased, and a negative emotional tone prevails.

Scale "Ud": "satisfaction - dissatisfaction with life as a whole (its course, the process of self-realization)." Difficulties in the process of self-realization lead to experiences of voluminous emotional discomfort. This characteristic has a special diagnostic value in individual counseling and psychocorrectional work. The experience of the fullness of life is one of the main supports of the psychological stability of the individual. Feelings of emptiness are a risk factor for neurotic and depressive disorders, alcohol dependence. The judgments included in this scale refer to the internal aspects of experiences, to the feeling of satisfaction with one's life. Since the criteria for the success of self-realization are subjective, the most important thing for a diagnostician is a subjective assessment of the success of self-realization. Full self-realization of a person is not only the development of any special abilities, but also the development of his potential as a strong and integral human being, free from internal constraints crippling him.

High marks. Satisfaction with life in general, its course, self-realization, the way life is going. A person feels the ability to take responsibility and the ability to make his own choice, in which the voice of his own “I” is heard. The subject feels ready to overcome difficulties in realizing his abilities (if his higher needs are activated). Sufficiently high assessment of personal success.

Low marks. Dissatisfaction with life in general, its course, the process of self-realization and how the main life events are currently unfolding. Low assessment of personal success. At present, a person has not fully found himself, has not opened, has not felt reliable inner supports in himself, does not feel the ability to demand truthful answers from himself. Often a withdrawal into doubts is characteristic, which allows you to evade the need to make life choices, listening first of all to yourself, taking responsibility for what is happening to you.

Scale "Po": "positive - negative image of oneself." This scale is auxiliary, it allows you to determine the criticality of self-assessment (low or high), the adequacy of self-assessment. On a scale of 6 points. The criticality of self-esteem is closely related to the self-acceptance of the individual. The more positive the image of oneself, the less a person sees shortcomings in himself. Self-acceptance has a significant effect on mood - the more complete self-acceptance and the more positive feelings towards oneself emotionally, the higher the mood. Indicators on the "Po" scale have a significant positive correlation with indicators on the main scales. Positive self-acceptance improves the mental state, and vice versa - a more favorable state disposes to see your shortcomings as insignificant, allows you to evaluate your behavior as closer to the normative.

Very high marks indicate an insufficiently developed understanding of oneself. The sum of more than 65 points suggests low criticality in self-assessment, insufficient adequacy of self-assessment, insincerity. Other reasons may be: negative attitude towards the survey, the influence of a strong interest of the subject in the "positive, good" survey results.