There was a civil war. A significant part of the Cossacks went to fight, women and children could not cultivate the land in sufficient quantities, and famine began in large cities in Ukraine. The Bolsheviks called for an end to the war. A large part of the population supported them.
The starving people, mostly women with children, rushed to the Kuban. Food squads were created to collect food for the hungry. One of these detachments was led by a teacher from the village of Poputnaya, commissar Tatyana Grigorievna Solomakha. She managed to collect a large amount of agricultural products and send it through Nevinnomyssk and to Armavir in big cities. Wealthy Cossacks opposed this, they did not want the workers to influence the life of the Cossacks in the Kuban, to strengthen the ties between the workers and the Cossacks. The struggle was not for life, but for death. So, in the village of Convenient, a Red Army soldier from the food detachment was executed. The bandits cut open his stomach and covered him with wheat.
Participants of T. Solomakhi's food detachment had to engage in military clashes more than once. However, simple Cossacks and people from other cities supported the food detachments. Residents of Convenient V. Subocheva, N. Volkova, Galushko said that priest Berezovsky in his sermons appealed to believers about collecting food for the hungry. Believers responded to this call, helped in every way they could.
It was 1918. Under the onslaught of Denikin's army, the Red Army retreated to Astrakhan through the waterless steppes of Kalmykia. The situation was further complicated by the fact that a typhus epidemic was raging in the country. Lice, carriers of this disease, could be collected by handfuls (from the memoirs of E.I.
Of his 500 fighters, only five returned to Convenient. A detachment of Red Guards from the village of Poputnaya also retreated with the Red Army. Producer Tatiana Solomakha also fell seriously ill. Her condition was grave, and the fellow travelers decided to leave her in the village of Kazminskoye with a teacher friend, whose husband was a white officer. He served in the first Labinsk regiment under the command of Dmitry Maksimovich Kazlikin, who was from st. Passing. Circumstances so developed that at the same time the officer invited his commander to visit and he met his countrywoman, whom he was well acquainted with for bloody affairs. Commissioner Solomakha was immediately arrested and escorted to st. Passing.
In 1957, Art. It was gratifying to celebrate its 100th anniversary. At the invitation of the regional party committee, Lucy Argutinskaya, the author of the story "Tanya", dedicated to the food commissioner, came to the anniversary. The book was published in 1940. It was studied in all Komsomol organizations. I, who was working in the district committee of the Komsomol at that time, was instructed to organize a meeting between the writer and Tatyana's sister, Raisa, who lived at that time in st. Disappointing.
This is what Raisa told us about the last days of her famous sister's life.
When Tatiana was brought to Passing, the Cossacks came home to pick up a luxurious braid, which she cut off before the campaign. One of the Cossacks said: "We will hang her on her own scythe." The mother went into the hall, took the scythe and instantly threw it into the burning stove, for which she was beaten.
Tatiana was placed in a barn, where she was constantly beaten with ramrods. The jacket soaked in blood stuck to the body, and in the morning, during the next interrogation, this jacket was slowly torn from the wounds, which caused incredible torment. One of the torturers asked: "Does it hurt?" She replied: "Yes, it hurts, but you won't make me cry!"
In the evenings, Raisa's mother sent her food to Tatyana. Once a Cossack acquaintance who was guarding the arrested woman let her go to her sister for the night. All night long, without a wink of sleep, they talked, and in the morning the Cossack said: "Kazlikin is coming, hide under the trestle bed!"
The next morning, November 7, 1918, on the first anniversary of the October Revolution, Tatiana was put to a martyr's and bloody death - quartering. Her colleague, Vladimir Trofimovich Shpilko, was also executed.
Blood for blood, revenge for revenge. Such a brutal massacre was committed due to the murder in June 1918 by a detachment of the Red Army of his wife and 18-year-old son D.M. Kazlikin. And there were many such cases in the Kuban.
On the example of the feat and heroism of Tatiana Solomakha, young people were brought up in the pre-war years. In 1941, in the village of Petrishchevo, the Nazis captured a young partisan who tried to set fire to their stable. Torture, torture (they burned their face with a kerosene lamp) did not give any result. She did not give her last name. All the inhabitants of the village were driven to her execution, looking at the thin girl tortured by torture, they cried. And she, proudly raising her head, shouted: "Don't cry, comrades, victory will be ours!" After the liberation of the village, the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda published a short article about an unknown girl and a photograph of the execution. The newspaper reported that she did not give her last name during interrogation-torture, she only said that her name was "Tanya". Muscovites recognized her as a student of one of the Moscow schools - Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
Subsequently, Zoya's mother told, when they read the story of L. Argutinskaya "Tanya" with the whole family, Zoya, thinking, said: "And I could have done the same ..."
I am sure that today's youth also knows a lot about the courage, selfless love for the Motherland of many young defenders of our Fatherland. I hope that our regional newspaper will continue to tell about the hero-pioneers, Komsomol members, who stood to death in the battles against fascism. And also about other 12-13 year olds who worked in the rear, in our rural area - on collective farms. Everyone tried for the front and for Victory, to feed their military army, cherishing every spikelet, every apple ...
Using the examples of the heroes of our Fatherland, we are obliged to educate our children, be proud of our past and comprehend it, love the Motherland, be able to defend our interests, traditions and culture.
(1892 ) K: Wikipedia: Articles without images (type: not specified)Tatiana G. Solomakha(-) - Russian revolutionary, a member of the Bolshevik Party, a participant in the Civil War in Russia and the formation of Soviet power in the Kuban.
Biography
Subsequently, the name of Solomakhi - Tanya, - Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya named herself during interrogation.
Memory
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Literature
- Woman in the Civil War. Episodes of the struggle in the North Caucasus., M .: OGIZ., 1937;
Notes (edit)
Links
An excerpt characterizing Solomakh, Tatyana Grigorievna
“I will give them a military command ... I will fight them,” Nikolai said senselessly, gasping for breath from an unreasonable animal anger and the need to pour out this anger. Not realizing what he would do, unconsciously, with a quick, decisive step, he moved towards the crowd. And the closer he moved to her, the more Alpatych felt that his unreasonable act could produce good results. The peasants of the crowd felt the same, looking at his quick and firm gait and resolute, frowning face.After the hussars entered the village and Rostov went to the princess, confusion and discord occurred in the crowd. Some men began to say that these newcomers were Russians and no matter how offended they were that they would not let the young lady go. The drone was of the same opinion; but as soon as he expressed it, Karp and other men attacked the former headman.
- How many years have you eaten the world? - Karp shouted at him. - You are all one! You will dig a jug, take it away, what, ruin our houses, or not?
- It has been said that there should be order, no one should go from the houses, so as not to take out the blue of gunpowder - that's all there is! Shouted another.
- There was a queue for your son, and you probably took pity on your irony, - the little old man suddenly spoke quickly, attacking Dron, - and shaved my Vanka. Eh, we will die!
- Then we will die!
“I’m not a refusal to the world,” said Dron.
- That is not a refusal, he has grown a belly! ..
Two long men said their own thing. As soon as Rostov, accompanied by Ilyin, Lavrushka and Alpatych, approached the crowd, Karp, putting his fingers behind his sash, slightly smiling, stepped forward. The drone, on the other hand, entered the back rows, and the crowd moved closer together.
- Hey! who is your headman here? - Rostov shouted, going up to the crowd with a brisk step.
- Headman then? What do you need? .. - asked Karp. But before he had time to finish, the hat flew off him and his head shook to the side from the strong blow.
- Hats down, traitors! - shouted the full-blooded voice of Rostov. - Where is the headman? He shouted in a frantic voice.
- The headman, the headman calls ... Drone Zakharych, you, - hurriedly obedient voices were heard here and there, and the caps began to be removed from their heads.
`` We can't rebel, we keep order, '' Karp said, and several voices from behind suddenly spoke up at the same instant:
- As the old men grumbled, there are a lot of you bosses ...
- Talk? .. Riot! .. Robbers! Traitors! - meaninglessly, Rostov yelled not in his own voice, grabbing Karp by the yurt. - Knit it, knit it! - he shouted, although there was no one to knit him except Lavrushka and Alpatych.
Lavrushka, however, ran up to Karp and grabbed his arms from behind.
- Will you order our people from under the mountain to click? He shouted.
How many heroes we know, and how many of them went to their native Russian land unknown! And only sometimes, by a miracle, we learn about them.
... On the side of the Minsk highway, not far from the turn to the village of Petrishchevo, where there is a bronze monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, in the fall of 1941 soldiers of the 612th regiment of the 144th division fought with the Nazis. After 25 years, a cartridge case with a note was found at this place in a sawn birch tree. It managed to read: “12 of us were sent to the Minsk highway to block the enemy's path, especially the tanks. And we held on firmly. And now there are three of us left: Kolya, Volodya and I - Alexander. But the enemies climb without mercy. 19 cars are already on the road. But there are two of us. We will stand until we have enough courage, but we will not let them pass until our own approach.
And so I was left alone: wounded in the head and arm. And the tanks added the score ... Already 23 vehicles. Perhaps I will die. But maybe someone will find my note someday and remember the heroes. I'm from Frunze, Russian. No parents. Goodbye dear friends. (Private Alexander Vinogradov) "
In a wave of indignation over watering Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya's bilzho, the name Tanya somehow passed by. This is the name that she herself, Zoya, called herself - having found herself in the hands of the Nazi occupiers. And Zoya's mother testified that the future Soviet partisan called herself Tanya even before the war - honoring the memory of Tatyana Grigorievna.
Tatyana Grigorievna Solomakhi (1892-1918) - Russian revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party, participant in the Civil War and the formation of Soviet power in the Kuban.
At the age of 26, she, Tatyana Grigorievna, fully, on herself, felt how humane, merciful and enlightened, Russian in spirit, folk, and so on.
- Come on, take the commissar out. We will talk with her about land, freedom and power.
I looked at the door in awe. And suddenly the crowd seemed frightening to me, the flabby face of the chieftain with a mustache sticking out upward and the mocking look of Kalina.
The door creaked open, and the teacher appeared on the threshold.
Nearby, someone gasped loudly, and an astonished whisper ran from behind. And I did not take my eyes off the dear, sweet face; it was scary because it had changed so much and lost weight. The pale cheeks have sunken, the face has become long and narrow, the blush and affectionate smile have disappeared.
The torn dark dress hung in tatters, and it seemed that the teacher could hardly stand on her feet.
Loud shouts, laughter, cursing broke the silence. The teacher took a few steps forward and looked around the crowd in surprise. And suddenly she noticed her students. She carefully examined us, as if she wanted to understand - who we are. And according to our usual habit, which was established for a long time when we met with the teacher, we raised our hands in greeting. The teacher smiled slightly, only with the corners of her lips, and also raised her hand.
Tears covered my eyes, poured down my cheeks. I wanted to run up to the teacher, to protect her.
- Come on, commissar, now tell us right away what you taught the children, - Kalina approached her, waving a stack, and I just now noticed from his excited face and gait that he was drunk. - Maybe, like robbing people, how to dig bread out of the ground and put money in your pocket?
The teacher looked down on her, calmly looked at the officer, and I was afraid that he would hit her on the head with a stack, the Cossacks surrounding him would rush at the girl, strangle her, and tear her to pieces.
- What is your face? the officer grimaced again. - On the Bolshevik bread, apparently, it is not painfully sweet? Or maybe you have already forgotten about them? Will you serve us now?
“The Bolsheviks are not traitors,” a familiar ringing voice suddenly flew across the square.
“You disgrace the teachers,” Kalina stepped towards her, waving his fists, and suddenly turned around and slapped the girl in the face with a backhand.
She staggered and fell to the ground.
Several Cossacks rushed to her, a ramrod whistled in the air, and blood appeared through the cut dress,
The teacher lay in silence.
People beat excitedly, with ferocity, and each blow echoed echoingly in the brain.
A woman screamed from somewhere behind. Several people darted in confusion.
Covering my ears, I darted from my place and, seeing nothing in front of me from the splashing tears, ran, not knowing where, away from the prison.
... in front of the prison there was a flogging again.
The beaten, bloody teacher was lifted from the ground and placed against the wall of the house.
She could barely stay on her feet. And again I was struck by her calm face. I looked for fear in him, a plea for mercy, but I saw only wide-open eyes gazing at the crowd. Suddenly she raised her hand and said loudly, distinctly:
“You can whip me as much as you want, you can kill me, but the councils are not dead. The advice is alive. They will return to us.
Pockmarked, small in stature, with a thorn in his right eye, the sergeant Kozlik hit the teacher with a ramrod on the shoulder from full swing and cut her dress. And then people rushed at Tatyana Grigorievna, the screams mixed with the whistle of the ramrods and dull blows. The drunken horde pounced on the defenseless body, kicking, fisting, and rifle butts.
When the teacher was raised, her whole face was covered with blood. She slowly wiped the blood running down her cheeks. We raised our hands, waved them in the air, but Tatyana Grigorievna did not notice us.
- Doesn't it hurt? - Choking with fatigue and moving a little to the side, asked Kozlik. - I'll make you ask for mercy yet.
Breathing heavily, the teacher moved towards the police officer and suddenly threw in his face:
- Don't wait. I won't ask you for anything.
“Bring me back,” Kozlik ordered, and when the guards pushed the teacher toward the prison, he hit her on the back with a full swing with his rifle butt. She fell face down into the thick, sticky mud. Someone screamed forcing her to get up, but she seemed to be unconscious. Then two Cossacks grabbed the lifeless body by the arms and dragged it to the prison.
She was always flogged first, and none of the men was beaten so severely. They took revenge on her for not shouting, not asking for mercy, but boldly looking at her executioners. She was beaten because she - a teacher, an educated person - went to the Bolsheviks and remained with them until the last minute.
Winter was coming. Now Tatyana Grigorievna was taken out into the yard in one shirt. On the thin, reddened body from the frost, blue bruises and red stripes from the ramrods stood out brightly. On the back - decayed wounds.
... Tatyana Grigorievna was taken to the square.
Where - sick, exhausted - did she take so much strength? Huge, burning eyes stood out on a deathly pale face. The whole body was in lacerations.
People froze tensely. The teacher noticed us and quickly raised her hand up. Then she looked back at Kozlika, and it seemed to me that he was slightly confused and, snarling and nervous, shouted to Tatyana Grigorievna in the face:
- What, commissar, did you want to take the Cossacks from us? Where are your tips? Did you pick up your tails and run? All your friends have been caught. And the brothers were hanged in Mozdok.
The teacher slowly looked back at him, stepping on her bare feet in the snow.
“Take your time,” she said quietly. - More tips will come. They are alive. Will sweep you off the face of the earth. Only these are a pity, - she pointed with her hand at the standing Cossack villagers. - You deceived them, white-runners. The time will come - they will understand what they were doing. And you, the White Guards, will not be spared.
The police officer jumped up to her and slowly began to pull back the shirt that was stuck to her body. A stream of blood ran down the teacher's legs. I saw Tatyana Grigorievna's cheeks flush with pain, I saw her lips bitten. And at that very moment she noticed an old woman lying face down in the snow.
- Mama! she screamed, and from this cry a cold wave ran through her entire body.
The teacher rushed to her mother, but they grabbed her, pushing her away from the lying one.
- Skip to say goodbye! - shouted the ataman who approached. The Cossacks let go of their hands, and the teacher rushed to her mother.
She fell on her knees in front of her and, embracing the old woman's head, lifted it up and covered her bloody face with small, quick kisses.
- Mom! .. And you too, mom! she repeated quietly, excitedly.
- Enough! Stop! - the chieftain's voice was heard again. The teacher was dragged to the side.
- You beasts! - She shouted loudly to the police officer. - All the same you will be swept away! Reptiles!
How they beat her after that!
- Enough, or you will beat to death. And we will also make the commissar speak during interrogations, - the chieftain's voice rang out again.
And when the teacher was dragged to the prison, a trail of blood crawled behind her in the snow.
At dawn on November 7, the Cossacks burst into the prison. Everyone understood why they came. Someone screamed, cried, someone huddled on the floor. Tanya jumped up herself.
- Quiet! - she shouted. - Don't cry! You are not alone, comrades! We'll all go together!
And when the arrested began to be driven out of the cell with rifle butts, Tanya at the door turned back to those who remained.
- Farewell, comrades! - her sonorous, calm voice rang out. - Let this blood on the walls not be wasted. Tips coming soon!
On an early frosty morning, the whites killed eighteen comrades behind the pasture. The last one was Tanya.
While still alive, her hands were first cut off, then her legs and then her head.
Tanya Solmakh was quartered, calling things by their proper names.
It was Tanya Solomakha who was an example for Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, evidence of courageous feat and inflexibility before the enemy.
And, for me personally, there is no surprise - in the absence of a difference between executions, beatings and humiliations - at the hands of the Nazis and the White-runners. The only difference, insignificant and insignificant, is that the former mocked and mocked the corpse, in contrast to the latter. Both one and the other, the Heroine accepted a martyr's death in the name of the future, and, what is important, Their Future has really come, exactly the Future that they dreamed of, and for the sake of which they went to death. Despising death itself and boldly stepping into Immortality.
Project " Tabularium: a personality in history”Is dedicated to people - contemporaries of grandiose historical events, bearers of rare qualities or people whose views were ahead of their time.
“Intelligent girl, soft, shy; you can write about it endlessly: about the recrystallization that took place in it, about the search for truth, about the truth that I found in the ranks of the Bolsheviks. "
Akimov. AND.,
"Heroes of the Komsomol".
Curriculum Vitae
Solomakha Tatiana Grigorievna, 1893-1918, revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party. Participant civil war... She worked as a teacher in a rural school. During the First Russian Revolution, she was imbued with the ideas of the Bolshevik Party. She dedicated her life to the idea of freeing mankind from the yoke of capitalism. Participated in the establishment of Soviet power in the Kuban. In 1918 she was brutally killed by the White Guards. Subsequently, the name Tanya was called Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya... There is a museum of Tatiana Solomakha and a street named after her.
Chronology
| 1893 g. | Tatyana Solomakha was born in a small Kuban village. |
| 1904-1905 | Tatiana graduated from a rural school. Her father took her to study at the Armavir gymnasium. |
| 1905 g. | for the first time turns to the experience of the revolutionary struggle. |
| 1914 g. | begins to actively communicate with revolutionaries. Reads the works of Lenin. |
| 1916-1917 | joins the party. |
| 1917, autumn | Soviet power was established in the Kuban. Tatiana Solomakha has been appointed as a food commissioner. |
| 1917-1918 | active fight against fists and white gangs. |
| 1918, summer | fell ill with typhus. He is undergoing treatment in the village of Kozminki. |
| 1918, autumn | White bandits captured the village where the sick Tatiana Solomakha is. The girl is captured, tortured and interrogated. |
| November 7, 1918 | brutally killed by whites. |
Quotes
"Although girls are not taken into the army, when I grow up, I will definitely be a commander."
(T. Solomakha.
M., "Pravda", 1958.)
“I remember her as a very little girl, in a short dress, barefoot, tanned, with a small plait at the back of her head.”
/ Quoted. Quoted from: Argutinskaya L.A. Tatiana Solomakha.
M .: OGIZ., 1937., p. 66.)
“She rode great and shot almost without missing. During the campaigns, she did not lag behind the guys, walked with a brisk sweeping step, and her laughter and songs spread far across the steppe. "
(From the memoirs of Nikolai Solomakha, Tatiana's brother.
/ Quoted. Quoted from: Argutinskaya L.A. Tatiana Solomakha.
/ In the book: A woman in a civil war.,
M .: OGIZ., 1937., p. 71.)
"She was slender, tall, with a long curly braid, and it seemed to us that she was only a little older than us."
/ Quoted. Quoted from: Argutinskaya L.A. Tatiana Solomakha.
/ In the book: A woman in a civil war.,
M .: OGIZ., 1937., p. 82.)
“From the very beginning of February, Tanya completely went into party work. She spoke at rallies, traveled to the nearest villages, demanded an end to the war, the transfer of land to the working people. "
(Grigory Polovinko, former student of Tatiana Solomakha.
/ Quoted. Quoted from: Argutinskaya L.A. Tatiana Solomakha.
/ In the book: A woman in a civil war.,
M .: OGIZ., 1937., p. 74.)
“She spoke passionately, like a real speaker. And her voice penetrated into the soul and made me believe every word. "
(Argutinskaya L.A. Tatiana Solomakha.
M., "Pravda", 1958.)
Literature
- Woman in the Civil War. Episodes of the struggle in the North Caucasus., M .: OGIZ., 1937;
- Argutinskaya L.A., Commissioner Tatiana Solomakha. // "Woman in the Civil War", Simferopol, 1938.
- Argutinskaya L.A., M., Pravda, 1958
- Akimov I., Komsomol heroes// "Youth", 1966, No. 5.