Writers of the past treated creativity more than responsibly, believing that Russian literature should not only brighten up leisure, offer interesting stories, take time, but also teach, set an example, and condemn the vices of society. Most of all, Ivan Krylov, a well-known Russian fabulist and publicist, succeeded in this matter. It is believed that his work is aimed mainly at children, in fact, a lot of subtext is hidden in the short fables of the poet, hints at historical realities and specific personalities that can be seen only after a while. So Krylov's fables are moralizing works for all times and for all ages.
"Dragonfly and Ant" - what is the fable about
The plot of a cute fairy tale about a wise ant and a frivolous jumping dragonfly was borrowed by Krylov from the 17th-century French fabulist Jean de La Fontaine. However, he was also unoriginal, having peeped the idea from a more ancient predecessor - Aesop. However, if the predecessors simply provide us with a moralizing plot, then Krylov prefers to create lively contrasting images.
The dragonfly of the Russian fabulist is frivolous and short-sighted, while the ant, as usual, is hardworking and wise. Having walked all summer, the dragonfly, with the advent of cold days, suddenly realizes that it has nowhere to hide and nothing to eat. And our heroine goes to the ant to ask for shelter. The ant began to ask what the uninvited guest was doing in the summer, to which she simply told how she frolicked in the summer and sang in the grass. Where could she work and prepare for the winter ....
The reader is clearly aware that she does not repent of her stupid deeds, but only asks to cover her "until spring days" - warm days will come and she will again begin to have fun and dance. The dragonfly did not learn anything from this life lesson, which is why the ant refused her shelter. The hard worker-ant drives out the idle dragonfly, offering to continue to "sing and dance" like in summer.
What does the fable teach and what does the fable condemn?
In his famous fable, Krylov does not single out morality in a separate introduction or epilogue - the ant broadcasts the main idea, and the rest of the censure can be easily seen in the text of the work. The talking images of the main characters conclude the main opposition: diligence and laziness, the ability to plan for the future and life "one day". The author condemns such dragonflies-people who seek to live at the expense of others, choosing for themselves an easy and carefree life.
Another instructive point that should be realized when reading the fable is that only a serious approach, diligence and activity will help to achieve the necessary benefits and success in life.
It is noteworthy that for other fabulists (Aesop, La Fontaine) the finale of the fable differs from Krylov's tale. Early authors were more merciful to the carefree dragonfly - the heroine received help from a benevolent ant.
We know that many of Ivan Andreevich Krylov's fables contain capacious biting statements, vivid descriptions, accurate remarks, which is why they have long been "living" separately from the rest of the text. The stanza "the jumping dragonfly sang red summer" has long been a quote that characterizes a frivolous loafer who does not think about his future.
The fable is included in school curriculum, more than once voiced by acting voices on the radio and filmed in animated films. This is because the message of this short poetic tale is clear even to the smallest. However, adults will also be able to take useful thoughts out of it, recognize acquaintances or even themselves in the characters. And it's better to be like an ant than like a dragonfly...
In 1808 Ivan Krylov's fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant" was published. However, Krylov was not the creator of this plot, he translated into Russian the fable "Cicada and the Ant" by Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695), who, in turn, borrowed the plot from the Greek fabulist of the 6th century BC. Aesop.
Aesop's prose fable "The Grasshopper and the Ant" looks like this:
In winter, the ant pulled out his supplies from a hidden place to dry, which he had accumulated in the summer. The starving grasshopper begged him to give him food in order to survive. The ant asked him: “What did you do this summer?” The grasshopper answered: "He sang without resting." The ant laughed and, removing supplies, said: “Dance in the winter if you sang in the summer.”
Lafontaine changed this plot. Aesop's male grasshopper has become the female La Fontaine cicada. Since the word "ant" (la Fourmi) in French is also feminine, then the story turned out not about two men, like Aesop, but about two women.
Here is the translation of La Fontaine's fable "La Cigale et la Fourmi" / Cicada and Ant from N. Tabatchikova:
Summer whole cicada
Day-to-day I was glad to sing.
But the summer is leaving red,
And there are no supplies for the winter.
She did not starve
She ran to Ant,
If possible, borrow food and drink from a neighbor.
"As soon as summer comes to us again,
Everything is ready to return in full, -
Promises her Cicada. -
I'll give you the floor, if necessary."
Ant is extremely rare
In debt gives, the whole trouble is in this.
"What did you do in the summer?" -
She says to her neighbor.
"Day and night, do not blame me,
She sang songs to everyone around.
“If so, I’m very happy!
Now dance!”
As we can see, Cicada does not just ask Ant for food, she asks for food on credit. However, Ant is devoid of usurious inclinations and refuses her neighbor, dooming her to starvation. The fact that between the lines Lafontaine predicts death for the cicada is clear from the fact that the cicada was chosen as the main character. In Plato's dialogue "Phaedrus" the following legend is told about cicadas: "Cicadas were once people, even before the birth of the Muses. And when the Muses were born and singing appeared, some of the then people were so delighted with this pleasure that among the songs they forgot about food and drink and in self-forgetfulness died. From them after that the breed of cicadas went: they received such a gift from the Muses that, having been born, they do not need food, but immediately, without food and drink, they begin to sing until they die.
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Ivan Krylov, having decided to translate La Fontaine's fable into Russian, was faced with the fact that the cicada in Russia was then little known and Krylov decided to replace it with another female insect - a dragonfly. However, at that time, two insects were called dragonflies - the dragonfly itself and the grasshopper. Therefore, Krylov's "dragonfly" jumps and sings like a grasshopper.
Jumper Dragonfly
Summer sang red;
Didn't have time to look back
As winter rolls in the eyes.
The field is dead;
There are no more bright days,
As under each leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.
Everything is gone: with a cold winter
Need, hunger comes;
The dragonfly no longer sings:
And who will mind
On the stomach to sing hungry!
Evil melancholy dejected,
She crawls to the Ant:
"Don't leave me, dear godfather!
Give me the strength to gather
And until spring only days
Feed and warm!" -
“Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer? -
Ant tells her.
“Before that, my dear, was it?
In soft ants we have
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So it made my head spin." -
“Ah, so you ...” - “I am without a soul
The whole summer she sang. -
"Did you all sing? this business:
So come on, dance!”
Krylov's ant is much more cruel than Aesop's or Lafontaine's ants. In other stories, Grasshopper and Cicada ask only for food, i.e. it is understood that they still have warm shelter for the winter. From Krylov, the Dragonfly asks the Ant not only for food, but also for warm shelter. The ant, refusing the Dragonfly, dooms her to death not only from hunger, but also from the cold. This refusal looks even more cruel, given that a man refuses a woman (Aesop and La Fontaine have same-sex creatures: Aesop has men, and La Fontaine has women).
Dragonfly and ant. Artist E.Rachev
Dragonfly and ant. Artist T. Vasilyeva
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Dragonfly and ant. Artist S. Yarovoy
Dragonfly and ant. Artist O.Voronova
Dragonfly and ant. Artist Irina Petelina
Dragonfly and ant. Artist I. Semenov
Dragonfly and ant. Artist Yana Kovaleva
Dragonfly and ant. Artist Andrey Kustov
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Krylov's fable was filmed twice. The first time this happened already in 1913. Moreover, instead of a dragonfly, for the reasons already mentioned, a grasshopper is involved in the cartoon by Vladislav Starevich.
The second time Krylov's fable was filmed in 1961 by director Nikolai Fedorov.
Dragonfly and ant drawing
Dragonfly and ant fable read text
Jumper Dragonfly
Red summer sang
Didn't have time to look back
As winter rolls in the eyes.
The field has died,
There are no more bright days,
As under each leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.
Everything is gone: with a cold winter
Need, hunger comes
The dragonfly no longer sings
And who will mind
On the stomach to sing hungry!
Evil melancholy dejected,
She crawls to the Ant:
Don't leave me, dear friend!
Give me the strength to gather
And until spring only days
Feed and warm!
Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Ant tells her.
Before that, my dear, was it?
In soft ants we have -
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So that turned his head.
Ah, so you...
I sang the whole summer without a soul.
Did you all sing? This business:
So come on, dance!
Dragonfly and Ant - Moral of Ivan Krylov's fable
Did you all sing? This business:
So come on, dance!
Morality in your own words, the main idea and meaning of the dragonfly and ant fable
The moral of this fable is that if you do not want to be left homeless and starve to death, then you need to work. Here there is a clear condemnation of lazy people and people who loved to live at the expense of others.
Thus, the essence of this fable applies not only to insects, but also to people. After all, among them there are those who will live without thinking about anything, and then ask for help. You do not need to live one day, you must always take care of the future and think not only about yourself, but also about loved ones. Perhaps someone will think that the ant acted too cruelly towards the dragonfly. Alas, such people cannot be helped knowing that they did not even bother to do anything.
We need to save time. And then you can miss it. Everything must be done on time.
Analysis of the fable Dragonfly and ant, heroes of the fable
Another adaptation of the famous Aesop story was Krylov's fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant". However, as Zhukovskoy notes, this fable cannot be considered a simple translation, because Krylov, taking the plot as a basis, reworked the classic plot and added a national Russian flavor to the image of the Dragonfly and the world surrounding the heroes. The main character is the beautiful Dragonfly.
Krylov gives a detailed description of the character in the fable, emphasizing its lightness, liveliness, mobility and gaiety. Dragonfly - the personification of the "red summer", beautiful and very short. Focusing on the transience of time, Krylov opens a new milestone in the classical plot, because neither Aesop nor European fabulists attach such importance to this.
And the whole point is the transience of the Russian summer, in which winter (like the Dragonfly) comes unexpectedly. Krylov uses the colloquial word "jumper" to convey the moral quality of the Dragonfly, which is reverse side her liveliness and gaiety - frivolity. And in terrible despair, the Dragonfly, which did not see the horrors of the whitened fields and winter blizzards, runs to the Ant, which is the antipode of the Dragonfly.
The fable "Dragonfly and Ant" is a prime example of two opposites. In this case, one of them is laziness, and the second is diligence. The main characters are a dragonfly and an ant. The plot of the fable is that a dragonfly that has not prepared for winter asks an ant to live until spring. All summer she sang songs and lived a carefree life, because she had food and housing. Dragonfly lives for today, not thinking about the future. She was not prepared for the winter, and winter is not easy to survive even if you are prepared. The ant at the same time was preparing for winter, storing food.
Winter comes, but the dragonfly is not ready for summer. Then she goes and asks the ant for help. Her request is to provide her with housing and food until spring. She thinks that the ant will not refuse her, because she needs housing for a short time. The ant was indifferent to her request and added that in the summer it was necessary to take care of herself and food supplies. He asked if she worked in the summer. She was surprised by this question, because in the summer there are a lot of pleasant activities, despite the fact that it would be necessary to prepare for the winter. He probably expected such an answer and therefore refused her. He said that she can continue to sing and have fun. The author shows what consequences idleness can lead to on the example of a dragonfly. The dragonfly did not think that the ant had to work, and perhaps it was not easy to collect food supplies and build a dwelling. She just wanted to come to everything ready.
Here you can see the hidden meaning, because we are talking not only about insects. If you transfer it to people, then it will be the same. Someone cares about the future and tries to do the best, while someone does not think about anything and lives for his own pleasure. Many want to live without thinking about anything, but for someone to do everything for them. But that doesn't happen. To achieve something, you need to work hard and think not only about yourself.
Main characters
Ant
The ant is a small, industrious and sedately living insect. However, asking the Ant for shelter, the “jumper” does not repent of her behavior, does not want to improve, but only until the “spring days” asks for shelter, so that later she can again enjoy the fun summer days. By this, Krylov emphasizes the incorrigibility of the "jumpers", their constant craving for laziness, frivolity and idleness. The life of such people is meaningless and harmful to others, and those who shelter the likes of the Dragonfly may run into ingratitude and begging. The author condemns people who live only one day, do not think about the future and want to live at the expense of others.
On behalf of Ant, Krylov delivers a dry sentence: “Did you all sing? So go dance."
In the fable "Dragonfly and Ant", Krylov showed the ant as a smart and hardworking creature that works, regardless of the season and thinks about tomorrow.
Dragonfly
While the dragonfly behaves stupidly and frivolously, having lived all summer without worries, and with the advent of winter, it asks for help from the "cousin ant".
In life, this often happens to people: some work almost around the clock, thinking about the future and their family, while others simply mess around in search of easy money, and then ask for help from people close to him. Before will, it often happens that some people live at the expense of others without a twinge of conscience.
Moral: If you want to be full and warm in winter, you need to work all summer. Every line of the fable speaks of this.
Composition on the theme of Krylov's Fable Dragonfly and Ant (Grade 5)
Among a large number fables written by I.A. Krylov, a special place is occupied by fables whose heroes are animals. And since this genre of literature is based on allegory, animals carry not only some features, but also whole characters. A striking example of this is the Dragonfly and Ant fable.
The plot of the industrious Ant and careless Dragonfly Krylov took from the French poet-fabulist La Fontaine. However, Krylov's fable, unlike its predecessor, is more like a fairy tale about animals, where each hero is endowed with a certain character trait. The ant represents diligence, the Dragonfly - frivolity.
A young, carefree Dragonfly spends all summer days dancing and having fun. She does not need anything, she does not think about tomorrow. The main thing for her is to jump, jump, sing and dance.
The complete opposite of her is the Ant, who works all day. He works hard, prepares supplies, so that he can then calmly spend the winter.
Cold days are coming, and then the Dragonfly realizes that she has nowhere to hide. Hungry, frozen, she asks the Ant to let her spend the winter. The ant is surprised, what was the Dragonfly doing all summer days? The answer that she "sang and danced" causes indignation in him. "Did you sing along? This is the case: so come on, dance!”, he advises her. These words contain the main moral of the fable: for laziness and carelessness, reckoning necessarily comes.
It happens with people too: one must live not only today, but also think about the future.
Option 2 Analysis of Krylov's fable Dragonfly and ant Grade 2
Dragonfly and ant. One of the most revealing, instructive and relevant fables at any time. For children and for adults. For representatives of various classes and strata of the population.
Few people know about this, but the very idea of \u200b\u200bthe fable does not belong to Krylov. He only spied on it from another fabulist - La Fontaine and remade it in his own way. And La Fontaine, in turn, took the story of Aesop as the basis of the fable. This shows how old the idea of a fable is and how accurately the theme was noticed back in the heyday of Ancient Greece.
This is how life itself works: in order to survive difficult and fierce times (in the fable - winter), it is necessary to prepare for them in times not so difficult (in the fable - summer).
After times easy and carefree, when you can frolic and sing without a soul every hour in an ant, hard times always follow. And this applies not only to the change of seasons. Rich years give way to crises, peace to war, good years to years of drought. In the fable, the seasons are taken as a basis precisely for clarity. In order to show the inevitability of the change of times, so obvious to a practical ant and somehow turned out to be an unpleasant surprise for a windy dragonfly.
So: summer. At a time when, in theory, you can dance joyfully, the ant is diligently preparing for winter. Stores food, firewood, insulates the dwelling. Who knows: maybe he himself is happy to dance and sing. But the mind takes over the emotions, and the ant understands that if he sings now, then in the winter he will still "oh, how he will sing." The ant has an adult view of things. He knows how to draw conclusions from situations, knows how to see life in a day, week, months, understands the causal relationship between actions now and consequences in the future. He prepared for the winter - he would not freeze, he would not die of hunger, he would survive. Will sing - certain death in winter. Among other things, he, having an adult view of things, is used to relying only on himself. Despite the fact that ants live in a huge society of their own kind (as well as people), and may well rely on the help of loved ones, just in case, he does everything himself.
What does a dragonfly do? The dragonfly has an infantile childish mindset, despite the fact that in the fable it is not represented as a child at all. She lives for today. She is not interested in what will happen tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, and - even more so - in a few months. “Now it’s warm, good, why waste time and limit yourself in something? Why torment yourself with work when both the table and the house are ready for me under every leaf? - so she thinks. In addition, the dragonfly has absolutely no idea that life can change. Today is summer, and everyone is happy to listen to her singing. And tomorrow - winter, and people are not up to the songs. The second moment of the dragonfly's infantile thinking is that it is accustomed to living at someone's expense. After all, that's what happened in the summer. Therefore, she calmly expects that this trend will continue in the winter.
And surely the ant would be glad to shelter this adult child, if he himself was a big fan of singing. After all, singing - if it pleases the ear - can also become work. They pay for art. Connoisseurs. The ant is not a connoisseur. The ant is a hard worker, and at the same time a teacher. And not rich, apparently. The main task is survival. He is not soulless. He is not greedy (“I worked, but you didn’t! Look, I found it!”). He decides to teach the dragonfly a little wits. When an ant sarcastically recommends that a dragonfly change its role from a singer to a dancer, it also recommends that the dragonfly “move”, “work hard”, dance, so as not to freeze at least. Approximately as the expression of ballerinas “If you want to live, know how to spin”, the phrase of the ant “So come on, dance” has a double meaning. Perhaps the expression “She will dance with me” has roots in the same fable.
I would like to hope that winter will teach the dragonfly a lot. Even if the carefree Madame Dragonfly finds a kind soul who is ready to shelter her for singing in the evenings by the fireplace, she will first have to receive a series of refusals and moralizing from the wise ants.
Text and analysis of the fable Man and Satyr
Text and analysis of the Jackdaw and the Fox fable
The beautiful jumper Dragonfly and the homely Ant are the heroes of Krylov's fable. A funny poem about a difficult life.
Dragonfly and ant fable read
Jumper Dragonfly
Red summer sang
Didn't have time to look back
As winter rolls in the eyes.
The field has died,
There are no more bright days,
As under each leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.
Everything is gone: with a cold winter
Need, hunger comes
The dragonfly no longer sings
And who will mind
On the stomach to sing hungry!
Evil melancholy dejected,
She crawls to the Ant:
Don't leave me, dear friend!
Give me the strength to gather
And until spring only days
Feed and warm!
Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Ant tells her.
Before that, my dear, was it?
In soft ants we have -
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So that turned his head.
Ah, so you...
I sang the whole summer without a soul.
Did you all sing? This business:
So come on, dance!
Moral of the Dragonfly and the Ant
Did you all sing? This business:
So come on, dance!
Dragonfly and Ant Fable - Analysis
Krylov borrowed the idea of a fable about a dragonfly and an ant from the fabulist La Fontaine, who, in turn, spied on the plot from the no less famous ancient Greek writer Aesop. The ant symbolizes industriousness and it is not surprising, because this genus is famous for its efficiency, at any time of the year they work hard. Dragonfly, on the contrary, is associated with frivolity. The moral of the fable is simple: if you don’t want to freeze and starve in the winter, work in the summer.
Based onfablesI. A. Krylova
We bring to your attention the script for home puppet theater. It takes three people to play the fable. You can do it together - if you take on the role of a storyteller and, for example, an ant. This fable of Krylov is taught at school, but you can easily play it with preschoolers - after all, the main “verbal” load falls on the narrator, and an adult can take on this role. And, of course, this is a great way to learn a fable if your child has already been given it at home. The props for the performance are very simple. Not too difficult to manufacture and puppet puppets. Of course, you can play this scenario in your home puppet theater by simply cutting out the silhouettes of these characters from paper, but puppets are very suitable for this performance. After all, it is so convenient to “jump and flutter” for a puppet dragonfly. In addition, children really like such “dolls on strings”. Perhaps because of the puppets, not only the audience, but also the "puppeteer" has an elusive feeling that "the puppets walk by themselves."
Characters:
- Narrator
- Dragonfly
- Ant
Preparing for the performance
- . We suggest making these pom-pom dolls, but any balls will do.
- Make a clearing with flowers. You can do it - they are easy to make. Lay a brown cloth or paper on the table. Put some real twigs, and flowers on top. When autumn comes according to the scenario, the flowers can be removed or blown off the table.
- Before the performance, arrange a rehearsal - teach the dragonfly to dance, fly, and the hardworking ant to sigh heavily, wipe sweat from his forehead and show with all his appearance what a hard worker he is.
Scenery:On the stage is a clearing with bright flowers. You can turn on fun music.
The dragonfly flies over the flowers, whirls, dances, then freezes, then quickly flies to another flower. Instead of music, the Dragonfly can sing something funny.
Narrator
Jumper Dragonfly
Summer sang red;
Didn't have time to look back
As winter rolls in the eyes.
You can turn on music with wind noise. We remove the flowers, leaving bare ground with twigs. It is already difficult for the dragonfly to fly, its movements are slow. She groans and falls to the ground. He lies for a while, then sits down, looks around and wanders on.
Narrator
The field is dead;
There are no more bright days,
As under each leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.
Everything is gone: with a cold winter
Need, hunger comes;
The dragonfly no longer sings:
And who will mind
On the stomach to sing hungry!
Evil melancholy dejected,
She crawls to the Ant ...
AppearsAnt. You can tie a bag to Ant's hand or give a shovel. The dragonfly saw the Ant, stopped, and hesitantly approached the Ant closer.
Dragonfly
Don't leave me, dear godfather!
Give me the strength to gather
And until spring only days
Feed and warm!
Ant
Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Narrator
Ant tells her.
Dragonfly
Before that, my dear, was it?
In soft ants we have
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So that turned his head.
Ant
Ah, so you...
Dragonfly
... I am without a soul
The whole summer she sang.
The dragonfly begins to spin, spreads its wings, flies above the ground. The ant shakes its head accusingly.
Ant
Did you all sing? this business:
So go dance!
The ant quietly grumbles and wanders on with a bag (shovel). The dragonfly sighs heavily, lowers its paws and dejectedly walks in the other direction.