Pleshcheev Alexei Nikolaevich (1825 - 1893), poet.
He was born on November 22 (December 4 n.s.) in Kostroma in a noble family belonging to an old family. Childhood years were spent in Nizhny Novgorod, where his father, who died early, served. Under the guidance of the mother received a good home education.
In 1839, together with his mother, he moved to St. Petersburg, studied at the School of Guards ensigns and cavalry cadets, then at the university, from which he left in 1845. During his student years, his interest in literature and theater, as well as in history and political economy, was determined. At the same time, he became close to F. Dostoevsky, N. Speshnev and Petrashevsky, whose socialist ideas he shared.
In 1844, Pleshcheev's first poems ("Dream", "Wanderer", "Call of Friends") appeared in Sovremennik, thanks to which he began to be perceived as a poet-fighter.
In 1846, the first collection of poems was published, which included the poem "Forward! Without Fear and Doubt...", which was extremely popular among the Petrashevites.
In 1849, along with other Petrashevites, he was sentenced to death penalty, replaced by soldiery, deprivation of "all rights of state" and sending to a "separate Orenburg corps as a private."
In 1853 he took part in the assault on the Ak-Mechet fortress, was promoted to non-commissioned officer for bravery, in May 1856 he received the rank of ensign and was able to transfer to civil service.
He married in 1857, and in 1859, after lengthy troubles, he obtained permission to live in Moscow, although under "the strictest supervision", "without a deadline".
Actively collaborates with the Sovremennik magazine, becomes an employee and shareholder of the Moskovsky Vestnik newspaper, is published in Moskovskie Vedomosti, etc. Adjacent to the Nekrasov school, writes poems about folk life ("Boring Picture", "Native", "Beggars" ), about the life of the urban lower classes - "On the street". Impressed by the plight of Chernyshevsky, who had already been in Siberian exile for five years, the poem "I pity those whose strength is dying" (1868) was written.
Pleshcheev's work was highly appreciated by progressive critics (M. Mikhailov, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin and others).
In 1870 - 80 Pleshcheev did a lot of translations: he translated T. Shevchenko, G. Heine, J. Byron, T. Moore, S. PetEfi and other poets.
As a prose writer, he spoke as early as 1847 with stories in the spirit of the natural school. Later came his "Tales and Stories" (1860). At the end of his life, he wrote the monographs The Life and Correspondence of Proudhon (1873), The Life of Dickens (1891), articles on Shakespeare, Stendhal, and others.
Interest in the theater especially intensified in the 1860s, when Pleshcheev became friends with A. Ostrovsky and began to write plays himself ("What Often Happens", "Fellow Travelers", 1864).
In 1870 - 80 he was the editorial secretary of Otechestvennye Zapiski, after their closure - one of the editors of Severny Vestnik.
In 1890 Pleshcheev received a huge inheritance. This allowed him to get rid of years of struggle for existence. With this money, he helped many writers and contributed a significant amount to the literary fund, establishing the Belinsky and Chernyshevsky funds to encourage talented writers, supported the family of the sick G. Uspensky, Nadson and others, financed the Russian Wealth magazine.
Pleshcheev was the "godfather" of such beginning writers as V. Garshin, A. Chekhov, A. Apukhtin, S. Nadson.
The musicality of Pleshcheev's poems attracted the attention of many composers: Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Varlamov, Cui, Grechaninov, Gliere, Ippolitov-Ivanov wrote songs and romances based on his texts.
Born December 4, 1825 in Kostroma. His father was an official and died when Alexei Nikolaevich was only two years old. Mother, Elena Aleksandrovna, raised her son alone, Pleshcheev received an excellent home education. The childhood of the future poet passed in Nizhny Novgorod.
In 1839, the Pleshcheev family moved to St. Petersburg, where Alexei Nikolaevich entered the school of guards ensigns and cavalry cadets. Two years later (1842), Pleshcheev left the school, and in 1843 entered the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University. Already from this age, Nikolai Alekseevich is fond of socialist ideas, is keenly interested in political activities and the upcoming reforms in the country.
In 1845, Pleshcheev left the university without finishing it. By this time, he was already actively engaged in literary activities, wrote poetry and acted as a prose writer.
In 1849, Pleshcheev was arrested because of his connection with the Petrashevites. On charges of distributing prohibited literature, he was sentenced to death, but the sentence was not carried out and was replaced with four years of hard labor. In the same year, Pleshcheev was deprived of his fortune and, having commuted the sentence, was sent to carry out border service in the Orenburg Territory. There Pleshcheev received the rank of non-commissioned officer, then ensign, and then transferred to the civil service.
In 1857 Pleshcheev married. He dreams of moving to St. Petersburg forever, but a secret police surveillance is established over him and for political reasons the government does not allow Pleshcheev to live in the capitals.
In 1859, Pleshcheev received permission to move to Moscow, where he could fully engage in creativity. In Moscow, Pleshcheev collaborates with the Sovremennik magazine, is published in newspapers and magazines. He writes critical articles, being carried away by the ideas of socialism, giving feedback on the social and political life of Russia.
In 1863, they tried to accuse Nikolai Alekseevich of anti-government activities. The charge was dropped due to lack of evidence.
In 1864 Pleshcheev's wife dies. Later, Pleshcheev marries a second time. He is faced with the acute problem of providing for his family, he enters the service again, at the same time trying to earn a living by publishing his own works.
Since 1872, Pleshcheev has been living in St. Petersburg and working in the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The poet constantly struggles with poverty, works to provide a decent standard of living for his family. Fate rewarded the poet for many years of work and at the end of his life he receives an inheritance that allowed him to live comfortably and engage in creativity.
Pleshcheev Alexey Nikolaevich short biography Russian writer, poet, translator, literary and theater critic is presented in this article.
Brief biography of Pleshcheev
Writer is born December 4, 1825 in the city of Kostroma in the family of an official. His father died when Alexei was 2 years old. The poet's mother raised her son alone. Pleshcheev's childhood passed in Nizhny Novgorod.
In 1839, the family moved to the city of St. Petersburg, where Pleshcheev entered the school of cavalry junkers and guard ensigns. After 2 years, he leaves the school, and in 1843 he entered St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of History and Philology. During this period, Alexei Pleshcheev became interested in socialist ideas, political activities and reforms in the country.
In 1845 he also left the university. By this period, Alexei Nikolayevich was actively engaged in literary activities - he wrote poetry, acted as a prose writer. In 1849, Pleshcheev was arrested through his connection with the Petrashevites. He was accused of distributing banned literature and sentenced to death by firing squad. But it was decided to replace the sentence with 4 years of hard labor, deprivation of the state. But, having softened the sentence even more, he was redirected to the Orenburg Territory to carry out border service. There, Alexei Nikolayevich received the rank of non-commissioned officer, then ensign, and soon he switched to the civil service.
In 1857, the writer tied the knot. Two years later, Pleshcheev received permission to move to Moscow, where he began to fully engage in his favorite thing - creativity. In the city, Pleshcheev began cooperation with the Sovremennik magazine, published in magazines and newspapers. Engaged in writing critical articles, giving feedback on the political and social life of Russia.
In 1863, they tried to accuse the writer of anti-government activities. It was withdrawn for lack of any evidence.
In 1864, the poet's wife dies and later Pleshcheev marries a second time. To provide for his family, he again enters the service, while simultaneously trying to earn extra money by publishing his works.
Since 1872, Pleshcheev moved to St. Petersburg and began working in the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski. He constantly struggles with poverty, works hard to provide a decent standard of living for his family.
And fate rewarded the poet for many years of work - he receives an inheritance at the end of his life, which allowed him to live comfortably, doing creative work.
Alexei Nikolaevich Pleshcheev (1825-1893) - Russian writer, poet, translator; literary and theater critic.
Born December 4, 1825 in Kostroma, in the family of an official who came from an old noble family. The distant ancestor of the poet participated in the battle with the Tatars on the Kulikovo field.
Alexey Pleshcheev spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod, studied in St. Petersburg, at the school of guards ensigns, then, leaving it, at the university, at the eastern faculty. In 1844 he published his first poems in Sovremennik, in 1846 he published a separate collection of poems, which brought him wide fame.
Alexey Pleshcheev was a member of Petrashevsky's illegal circle, in which socialist ideas were preached. In particular, he delivered Belinsky's letter to Gogol, forbidden by the authorities, to Petrashevsky. In April 1849, when the tsarist government crushed Petrashevsky's circle, the poet was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
On December 22, 1849, Alexei Pleshcheev, along with other Petrashevites, was brought to Semyonovskaya Square for execution, which was canceled only in last minute. The poet was sentenced to four years of penal servitude, replaced "in view of his young years" by exile - as a private in the Orenburg line battalion. He received permission to enter "both capitals" and returned to literary activity after ten years of soldiering. In 1872, at the invitation of Nekrasov, he moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg, taking up the post of secretary of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine and in charge of the poetry department. After the closure of Otechestvennye Zapiski, Pleshcheev was in charge of the same department at Severny Vestnik.
Alexey Pleshcheev died in 1893 in Paris on his way to a French resort. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Convent with a large crowd of young people. On the day of his funeral, Moscow newspapers received an order forbidding any "word of praise for the late poet."
Date of birth: December 4, 1825
Place of birth: Kostroma, Russian Empire
Date of death: October 8, 1893
place of death: Paris, France
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev- Russian poet. Alexey Pleshcheev was born on December 4, 1825 in Kostroma in the family of a nobleman serving under the governors.
There were many writers in the family. Alexei spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod, where he studied at home with the help of his mother. During his studies, he studied 3 languages, and at the age of 13 he left for St. Petersburg and began studying at the St. Petersburg school of guards ensigns, in which he did not like it, and in 1843 he left it.
Then he began to study at St. Petersburg University and study oriental languages. Maikov, Dostoevsky, Goncharov and Saltykov-Shchedrin studied with him.
Even then, the first signs of his talent appeared, which was noticed by the rector of the university Kraevsky and part-time publisher of Sovremennik. In 1845 he joined the Butashevich-Petrashevsky circle and became a socialist.
In 1846 he became a member of the Beketov brothers' circle together with Maikov and Grigorovich. There he met Dostoevsky, who later dedicated his novel White Nights to him.
In 1845, Pleshcheev left the institute, because he could not pay for it, and a year later he published the first collection of poems Call of friends, and soon Forward without fear and doubt.
From 1847 to 1849, he was published in the Otechestvennye zapiski magazine, and soon he began to be recognized and nicknamed the fighter poet, the first Russian poet who spoke about the events in France.
In 1848 he writes a poem New Year, but due to censorship it was published only in 1861.
Toward the end of the 1840s, Pleshcheev tries himself as a prose writer - he writes Stories and Novels. The most famous were the Raccoon coat and Prank.
In 1849, Pleshcheev sent Dostoevsky a copy of the forbidden work Belinsky's Letter to Gogol, for which he was arrested and spent almost a year in the Peter and Paul Fortress, and then sentenced to death.
But in December of the same year, having arrived at the place of execution, she was replaced by 4 years of hard labor in Orenburg, where Pleshcheev soon became a private in the local military corps.
In January 1850, he arrived in the Orenburg region, where he stayed for 8 years, 7 of which he spent as a soldier. In exile, he met Count Perovsky, Taras Shevchenko, Mikhail Zhemchuzhnikov and Mikhailov.
In 1853, Pleshcheev, on his own initiative, transferred service in Turkestan with his friend Serovsky, during the campaign he became an ensign and retired with the rank of collegiate registrar.
Soon he began to work in the border commission of Orenburg, and in September 1858 in the office of the local governor. At the same time, he was published in the Russian Bulletin, where he regularly sent poems.
In 1857 he married, and a year later he left for St. Petersburg, where he began to continue his work.
In 1858, his second collection of poems was published, and a year later he moved to Moscow and began to publish regularly in Sovremennik. In addition to this magazine, he published his poems in the Russian Word, Time, the Vek newspaper and many others. In December 1859 he became a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature and again began to write short stories.
The stories were autobiographical with elements of satire. Soon he organized the newspaper Moskovsky vestnik in collaboration with Turgenev, Ostrovsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Tolstoy and Chernyshevsky, and soon the first work of Pleshcheev appeared in the newspaper - a translation of Shevchenko's dream.
In 1866, Sovremennik closed, and Pleshcheev focused on his publications, holding literary evenings in his house.
Where he invited eminent poets and writers. Then he again turned to politics under the influence of the reform of 1861, which he first accepted with enthusiasm, but then revised his views.
Because of politics, he stopped publishing in the Russian Bulletin, and in 1863, after the trial of Chernyshevsky, he wrote an angry poem.
When rumors began to spread that Pleshcheev belonged to the secret organization Earth and Will, the poet himself denied involvement in it.
In parallel with political activity, Pleshcheev in the 1860s published 2 collections of novels and short stories and 2 collections of poems. But, unfortunately, literary activity did not bring much income, so in 1864 he was forced to work as an auditor of the control chamber at the Moscow post office.
In 1868, at the invitation of Nekrasov, Alexei Nikolayevich went to St. Petersburg and took the place of secretary of the editorial board of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, where he worked until 1884. In 1884, after the magazine was closed, he founded his own magazine, Severny Vestnik, which existed until 1890.
In the 1880s he wrote many poems, translated them from French and German, and truly revealed himself as a poet.
In 1887 his complete works were published.
IN last years life writes in the children's direction, and in 1861 he published a reader Children's book.
In 1890, Pleshcheev received an inheritance from his relative and moved to Paris, where he lived the last years of his life.
Achievements of Alexey Pleshcheev:
Many poems and prose, many poems are based on songs and romances
13 plays
Children's works, anthologies and manuals
Dates from the biography of Alexei Pleshcheev:
December 4, 1825 - was born in Kostroma
1838-1843 - training at the school of guards ensigns
1843-1845 - studying at St. Petersburg University
1846 - the first collection of poems
1849 - arrest
1850-1858 - exile in Orenburg
1868-1884 - work in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski
1890 - moving to Paris
October 8, 1893 - died
Interesting facts of Alexey Pleshcheev:
Was acquainted with Tchaikovsky and Chekhov
Supported young aspiring writers
Established the fund named after Belinsky, named after Chernyshevsky
Funded by the magazine Korolenko Russian Wealth
Married twice, had 4 children