What are university entrance tests? This question worries many high school students who have to make a difficult choice.
Features of entrance examinations
Despite the numerous transformations that are currently taking place in the system of domestic secondary and higher education, in addition to the results obtained by graduates on the exam, academies and universities have the right to conduct their own entrance examinations.
Many high school students want to know in advance how to pass the entrance tests at the university, whether it is possible to prepare for them.
In order to select from the numerous stream of applicants the guys who really deserve to be enrolled in a university, prestigious domestic universities conduct internal tests.
Classification of additional exams
University entrance examinations - what is it? Currently, it is customary to divide them into main and additional tests. The first group consists of those subjects that are included in the Children get a chance to pass within the walls of a higher educational institution those subjects that, for various reasons, were not chosen by them at school.
The second group includes special entrance examinations to universities in the Russian language, social studies, creative tasks... Depending on the specifics of the direction of the higher education institution, additional exams may vary. They make it possible to identify among the flow of applicants the most talented guys who have deep knowledge and skills necessary for their chosen specialty.
Technical focus
Engineering universities and academies are characterized by additional entrance examinations in mathematics. You can get to a university based on the results of special subject Olympiads organized by the educational institution itself. Each high-level educational institution tries to organize intellectual tournaments and contests on its basis, the winners and prize-winners of which receive additional points when submitting documents to the university.
Who should take additional tests?
Not all applicants know how to pass university entrance tests. For some of them, the very fact of having to pass additional exams comes as an unpleasant surprise. Let's try to understand what university entrance tests are and who should take them. The main tests are for those applicants who are not in the disciplines that are compulsory in the chosen direction of study.
They are also presented to those persons who graduated from educational institutions middle management until 2009. Compulsory exams are taken by applicants who already have higher or secondary specialized education.
Entrance exams are also mandatory for foreign citizens who decide to study at Russian higher educational institutions.
Features of additional tests
What is an additional form of university entrance tests? Their top-level educational institutions establish for creative specialties: acting, architecture and construction, artistic creation. In addition, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, future cadets of flight and military schools are undergoing additional tests.
Arguing about what the entrance examinations to a university are, we note that their results are summed up with the points scored by the applicant on the exam.
Additional exams are required to pass all applicants who apply for admission in the chosen specialty.
List of tests
Each educational institution has the right to independently determine the type and number of additional tests, as well as to install subjects that are submitted in the form of the Unified State Exam.
What applicants are waiting for the entrance tests to the university?
Examples of general education subjects for which the main tests are carried out at the university (academy):
- maths;
- geography;
- physics;
- Russian language and literature;
- biology;
- history;
- foreign language.
How are the entrance examinations at the university? For example, as additional exams, applicants are offered testing of their physical fitness, psychological readiness for the profession, and creative work is offered.
The educational institution itself chooses the form of the exam:
- testing;
- written testing;
- oral interview;
- writing an essay.
How do I prepare for additional challenges?
Is it possible to successfully pass university entrance examinations? What are these preparatory courses? Each university that conducts additional tests organizes various preparatory courses for future applicants.
In addition, special educational centers function in large cities, the main task of which is to fully prepare high school students for passing the unified state exam, as well as for successfully passing additional tests offered by higher educational institutions.
If, to prepare for the Unified State Exam, many high school students only need to study well at school, then only a few can qualitatively independently prepare for creative tests on their own. The best option would be to choose preparatory courses based on the higher educational institution in which you plan to enroll.
Only in this case it will be possible to count on receiving the most useful information that will definitely help the applicant to become a student of the academy or university.
In addition to obtaining a certain level of knowledge necessary for successfully passing creative tests, in the process of additional course preparation, high school students will receive useful information about the teaching staff of the institute (university), get acquainted with their future classmates. Also, the courses provide information about the requirements of a particular educational institution, the features of the educational process.
Useful information
In order to get on additional coursework at a university, you need to contact the educational institution at the beginning of the academic year, find out about the timing and In most domestic universities and academies, preparatory courses begin in October-November, last the entire academic year.
These courses will not only allow you to better assimilate certain information on academic disciplines, but also provide an opportunity to change direction in a timely manner. For example, if a high school student, while attending preparatory courses in mathematics, realized that it would be difficult for him to compete with his peers in this academic discipline, he may switch to another profile.
In addition to one-year courses, higher education institutions also offer short-term courses. Abbreviated training is designed for 2-3 weeks, is organized mainly immediately before the entrance examinations to the university. Such courses are suitable for those high school students who for a long time could not decide on the choice of their future profession or had doubts about the selection of an educational institution.
Among the main disadvantages of such preparation for admission to domestic universities and academies is the need to assimilate a large amount of information in a minimum time period. It is highly likely that the applicant simply does not have enough time to process the information received, to use it optimally when passing the basic and additional entrance examinations to the academy or university.
Finally
Admission to a university is a responsible and important stage in the life of every high school student. In order to increase your chances of success, you must use all the opportunities: take preparatory courses, collect diplomas and certificates, try your hand at subject Olympiads and creative competitions.
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation gave higher educational institutions the right to independently choose the list of tests, upon successful completion of which the applicant receives the right to enroll in an educational institution on a budgetary basis. In some universities, preferential categories of citizens are exempted from passing additional tests, but most of the domestic academies and universities offer them to all applicants. All additional tests are carried out in Russian, the only exception is the direction of study, where the main academic discipline is a foreign language.
Despite the fact that the USE system today covers all Russian schools and almost no applicant will avoid the need to officially demonstrate their knowledge in at least two subjects, yet a small number of those seeking to get into a university have the opportunity to take advantage of loopholes and exceptions for applicants. We will talk about them today.
Admission to the correspondence form without the exam
Why are we considering it for the "part-time"? Because neither full-time, nor even part-time education practically shines for those who are going to enter a higher educational institution without the results of state examinations. The competition for these departments is so high that the very coveted points most often play a decisive role here. But it is quite possible to enroll in distance learning without the USE if you thoroughly know the procedure for admission. This procedure can be established both by the university itself and by the state. In addition, with special resourcefulness, it is also possible to enroll in distance distance learning without the USE.
Naturally, in most cases you will have to pay for “without the USE”, that is, in this case, only a commercial department is usually available. And it is clear that any additional or subsequent education (i.e., except for the first higher education) also does not require passing state exams.
University admission options
So, the right to enroll in bachelor's programs in universities of the Russian Federation without the need to pass state exams can be legally used:
- winners and prize-winners of the All-Russian Olympiads, whom they must accept out of competition;
- applicants from foreign countries who graduated from schools in their homeland;
- applicants with certain health limitations that do not allow them to participate in examinations in the USE format.
In these three cases, a special internal test is assigned, which is established by the university itself. Most often this is a traditional exam in a specialized subject.
Another option to get into a university on facilitated conditions is to pre-enter the college of interest immediately after the end of the 9th grade, submitting only a document on school education to the secondary school. Here, when enrolling, the average grade of the certificate is usually taken into account. And since bachelor's programs usually continue with open source programs, a college graduate applying for admission to a university for a similar specialty simply takes the university entrance exam. By the way, with this option of admission, it is not uncommon to be enrolled directly to the second or even to the third year, because a future student who has just graduated from college already has a certain amount of professional knowledge.
In addition, the USE result will not be needed for those students who expect to transfer from their university to a more desirable one: the standard internal test scheme is applicable here. But this option can only be considered if there is a successful practice of transfers to this university: not all educational institutions approve of the deserting students.
Distance learning programs
You can get knowledge on the "part-time" course at any convenient time - after work or on weekends, in any convenient place - at home, in the office or on a trip, however, while adhering to a certain curriculum. At the same time, it is wrong to think that only the full-time format provides a high professional level: the quality of preparation depends on the efforts of the student himself, on how much he is determined to study, and also on whether he used the opportunity to find a job in his specialty during the period of study.
The correspondence department trains specialists in the field of entrepreneurship, psychology, information technologies, jurisprudence, design, economics and other equally relevant and interesting areas. Leave your e-mail address to receive the complete educational catalog of Synergy University and find out which program you have chosen has the most accessible format - correspondence or distance learning.
Admission to the University
As we saw, you can still get to a university bypassing the exam. However, the above methods are still not available to the bulk of applicants. Modern school graduates are already morally more prepared to take exams in a new format - the USE format than those who graduated from schools several years ago, so it may be much easier today to get the coveted certificate and try to enter an institute or university with everyone on an equal footing, adequately withstanding the competition in the struggle for a state diploma.
Since 2009, all 11th grade graduates must pass the Unified State Exams, which not only provide them with a certificate, but also serve as the basis for admission to a university. Preparing for the exam takes a lot of time and effort - students begin to prepare for tests several years before graduation.
It is almost impossible to get the required number of points without tutors and additional courses, so most graduates experience real stress on the eve of exams. But is it possible to enter a university without the Unified State Exam? It would seem that this is impossible, but there are a number of cases when it is still possible to avoid passing exams.
Ways of admission to a university without USE results
According to the law, a certain category of applicants can enter without the Unified State Exam, provided that all the necessary documentation is submitted to the university in a timely manner:
To a university without a USE with a college diploma
If you do not fall under the above conditions and wish to enter the institute without the USE, then you can take a different path. After the 9th grade, you have the opportunity to apply to a college or technical school, where they are admitted on the basis of the OGE. After studying for three years in a secondary school, in the future you can enter a university for an accelerated training program in a specialized specialty.
It should be borne in mind that many institutions in 2016 will cancel this benefit for graduates of secondary schools and do not consider candidates without USE results. However, some commercial universities will still accept applicants on these terms. In this case, you will not have to take a single exam, but you will need to pass internal tests at the institution.
When applying for a bachelor's degree in a specialized specialty, you have a chance to be enrolled without the USE and the opportunity to slip through the first year of the university, thereby reducing the duration of your study to three years. In order to do it for sure, study the list educational institutions, which give graduates of colleges such a chance. You can view information on the Internet or contact an educational institution directly.
Additional option
Why are most applicants so afraid of the exam? Because she is afraid of not gaining enough points for the desired specialty and losing the chance to enter a higher educational institution. If all of the above options do not suit you at all, then in any case you will have to take the Unified State Exam, because this is a prerequisite for obtaining a school certificate.
Let's say you are well versed in social studies, but dream of entering the Faculty of Foreign Languages, where this subject does not count towards enrollment. At the same time, you are afraid that your knowledge of English (or another) language will not give you the opportunity to score a sufficient number of points.
Then you can proceed as follows: choose a university with the desired faculty, but apply for a completely different specialty that requires a discipline in which you are well versed. In this case, it is most correct to choose a direction with a small competition and the lowest passing score.
Then you enter a university and study for a year in a specialty that is not at all interesting to you, but at the same time you are preparing to transfer to the desired faculty within this institution. Of course, in order to change your specialty, you will need to pass an exam in a specialized subject at the faculty itself. Remember, you have a whole year to thoroughly prepare for the test. In addition, with a successful combination of circumstances, you will immediately enter the second course.
Such a scheme is possible, since freshmen of different faculties study identical general subjects, such as history, computer science, Russian, etc. But, of course, you need to clarify in advance with the dean's office the conditions for transfer to another faculty, find out the list of necessary documentation, and also find out the specifics of the upcoming profile exam.
All methods of admission without the USE require a special status or involve a large expenditure of effort and energy. Therefore, think carefully: maybe it would be more correct to devote all your time to thorough preparation for the exam?
If you enter a university after the 11th grade of school, then in most cases you must pass the Unified State Exam (USE). What subjects are needed for admission to your chosen direction or specialty, you can see in the list of entrance examinations in the order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation dated September 4, 2014 No. 1204.
In some cases, along with the exam, you may need to pass additional entrance tests:
- upon admission to budget education in specialties and areas included in the approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 21 dated January 17, 2014 - for example, in "architecture", "journalism" or "general medicine";
- upon admission to the Moscow State University them. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. The list of specialties and areas for which additional entrance examinations need to be passed is determined by Moscow State University independently;
- if you are entering a university where education requires admission to state secrets or government service, for example, to the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The rules for admission to such universities are determined by the federal authorities that supervise them.
2. Is it possible to enter a university without the USE?
You may not take the USE and apply according to the results of entrance exams, which the university conducts independently, if you belong to one of the following categories:
- disabled people and children with disabilities;
- Foreign citizens;
- applicants applying on the basis of a diploma of secondary or higher professional education;
- applicants who received a certificate The certificate must be received no earlier than a year before the deadline for admission of documents at the university. "> No more than a year ago and never passed the exam. For example, instead of it, they passed the state final exam (GVE) or received education abroad. If the applicant passed in some subjects of the Unified State Exam, and in the rest - the GVE, he can pass the internal examination at the university only in the subjects in which he passed the GVE;
- applicants who received secondary general education in the territory of the Republic of Crimea or in the city of Sevastopol in 2017 or 2018 - only in the calendar year when they received the certificate. *
In the following years, they can apply on the basis of the results of the exam.
3. When do you need to submit documents for admission?
Universities begin to accept documents for budgetary full-time and part-time studies of bachelor's and specialist's degrees no later than June 20. Acceptance of documents ends not earlier than:
- July 7, if, upon admission to your chosen specialties or areas of training, the university conducts additional creative or professional tests;
- July 10, if, upon admission to your chosen specialties or areas of training, the university conducts any other additional entrance tests;
- July 26, if you are applying only on the basis of the USE results.
For all forms of paid and part-time budget education, universities determine the deadlines for accepting documents on their own.
At the same time, you can apply for admission to a bachelor's or specialty degree in five universities. In each of them, you can choose up to three specialties or areas of training.
4. What documents are required for admission?
Upon admission to a university, you will need to fill out an application for admission. As a rule, it can be downloaded from the university website. The application must be accompanied by:
- passport or other document proving the identity and citizenship of the applicant;
- document on previous education received: school leaving certificate, diploma of primary, secondary or higher professional education;
- information about the results of the exam, if you took it;
- 2 photos if you will pass additional entrance tests upon admission;
- certificate of registration or military ID (if any);
- medical certificate form 086 / y - for medical, pedagogical and Their list was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 14, 2013 No. 697. "> Some others specialties and directions;
- if your representative submits documents instead of you, you will additionally need a notarized power of attorney and a document proving his identity;
- if at the time of submission of documents you are under 18 years old, take with you a consent form for the processing of your personal data signed by a parent or guardian - without it, documents will not be accepted. Download the form on the university website or ask the admissions staff to send it to you by email.
You can submit both original documents and their copies. It is not necessary to certify copies with a notary. You can submit documents in person at the admissions office of the university or in one of its branches, if any. In addition, documents can be sent by registered mail.
About all methods of filing documents, including In some educational institutions, it is possible to accept documents on the road: in this case, you can transfer the documents to the representative of the university at mobile document reception points. In addition, the university, at its discretion, can accept documents sent by e-mail.
"> alternative, check by phone with the admissions office of a particular university.5. What does it take to enter the budget?
To apply to the chosen university, you must score on the Unified State Exam in each subject a number of points equal to minimum score or greater than it. The university itself determines the minimum score for each specialty and direction, but cannot set it below the level approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
A competition is held among the applicants who have applied for admission. The first to be enrolled will be the applicants who have scored the most points in total for For some individual achievements, the university can add points to the applicant - no more than 10 in total. Such achievements can be a school medal, a certificate or a diploma of secondary vocational education with honors. A complete list can be found in paragraph 44 of the procedure for admission to training in educational programs higher education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 14, 2015 No. 1147.
The list of individual achievements that are taken into account in a particular university upon admission can be found in the rules for admission to the university. The admission rules are published by the university on its official website no later than October 1 of the previous year.
"> individual achievements and for the Unified State Exam - only in subjects that are needed for admission to the chosen faculty.Based on the results of the competition, it is determined passing score- the smallest number of points, which was sufficient for enrollment. Thus, the passing score changes every year and is determined only during the enrollment process. As a guideline, you can look at the passing grade for the faculty for the past year.
Applicants who enter according to quotas do not take part in the general competition, but participate in the competition within their quota. To do this, they must also score a number of points equal to or greater than the minimum value established by the university.
You can get a higher education in Russia for free once. This restriction does not apply to master's degree studies - after a bachelor's or specialist's degree, you can enroll in a magistracy at the budgetary department.
6. Who can apply without exams?
Without entrance exams, the university can enter:
- winners and prize-winners of the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren or the IV stage of the All-Ukrainian student olympiads, if they enter specialties and directions, "> corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad, - within 4 years, not counting the year in which the Olympiad was held;
- members of the national teams of the Russian Federation and Ukraine (if they are citizens of the Russian Federation) who have participated in international Olympiads in general subjects, if they are applying for directions and specialties, The university independently determines which areas and specialties the Olympiad profile corresponds to."> corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad in which they participated - for 4 years, not counting the year in which the Olympiad was held;
- champions and prize-winners of the Olympic, Paralympic or Deaf-Olympic Games, world or European champions and athletes who took first place in the world or European championship in sports included in the programs of the Olympic, Paralympic or Deaf-Olympic Games, can enter specialties and directions in the field of physical culture and sports.
Winners and prize-winners of the Olympiads from the list approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 32n dated August 28, 2018 can count on admission without exams for 4 years, not counting the year in which the Olympiad was held. However, the university itself determines the winners and prize-winners of which Olympiads from the list to accept without exams (or provide them with other benefits upon admission), in which class the applicant should have taken part in them and which areas and specialties the Olympiad profile corresponds to.
In addition, in order to take advantage of the privilege, the winner or prize-winner of the Olympiad from the list of the Ministry of Education and Science must score a certain number of points on the exam in a specialized subject, which the university also sets independently, but not less than 75.
7. What is targeted learning?
Some universities conduct admission for targeted training in specialties included in the list determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
An applicant who enters within the target quota is sent to study by the region of the Russian Federation, a state body or a company with which the university has an agreement on admitting applicants for targeted training. You can clarify whether such agreements have been concluded at the university of your choice at the selection committee. Applicants applying for the target quota do not participate in the general competition.
When applying for admission to targeted training, in addition to the basic documents, you will need to provide a copy of the targeted training agreement certified by the customer, or submit the original later. Sometimes information about the agreement concluded with you comes to the educational institution directly from the organization that orders the training.
Information about applicants within the target quota is not included in the general list of applications for admission, is not posted on official websites and information stands in the interests of state security.
8. What other benefits are there when entering a university?
Most of the admission benefits can be divided into 4 groups:
- admission within the framework of a special quota - these applicants do not participate in the general competition, and the passing score for them, as a rule, is But not below the minimum score set by the university. "> Below than for the rest of the applicants. Applicants with disabilities of I and II groups, children with disabilities and invalids from childhood, persons with disabilities due to military injury or illness received during military service, orphans and children left without parental care (retain the right to enroll under a special quota up to 23 years old), The categories listed in the Federal Law of January 12, 1995 No. 5-FZ "On Veterans" (see article 3, paragraph 1, subparagraphs 1-4). "> Veterans fighting. Within the framework of a special quota, the university allocates at least 10% of budget places from the volume of control figures for each set of conditions for admission to training in undergraduate and specialty programs;
- the right to 100 points - if an applicant is eligible for admission without exams, but wants to enter a faculty that does not correspond to the profile of his Olympiad, he can receive 100 points for one of the entrance examinations automatically, if it is For example, the winner of the All-Russian Olympiad in Physics does not want to enter the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and chooses astronomy, where he also needs to pass physics - in this case he will receive 100 points for physics without passing it. "> the profile of his Olympiad;
- benefits for individual achievements - medalists, winners of Olympiads (which the university does not accept without exams and does not grant the right to 100 points) and
- champions and prize-winners of the Olympic, Paralympic and Deaflympics and other sports competitions;
- applicants with a diploma with honors;
- gold and silver medalists;
- volunteers;
- winners of the championship in professional skills among disabled people and people with disabilities "Abilympix".
9. How is the enrollment going?
Until July 27, inclusively, on its official website, the university publishes lists of applicants entering the bachelor's or specialty degree in the budget department of full-time or part-time education and who have passed the minimum score threshold.
The lists are ranked by the number of points, that is, higher positions are taken by applicants who have a higher cumulative number of points for the exam, additional entrance examinations and individual achievements. If the number of points is the same, it is taken into account who scored more points in the profile entrance test and who has the right to preferential enrollment.
After that, enrollment begins. It takes place in several stages:
- priority admission stage - applicants who enter without exams are enrolled within a special or targeted quota. These applicants must, by July 28, submit to the university where they decided to enter and where they passed the exams, the original document of prior education and a statement of consent to enrollment. The enrollment order is issued on July 29;
- Stage I of enrollment - at this stage, the university can fill up to 80% of budget places remaining free after priority admission in each specialty or direction. Applicants are enrolled in accordance with the position they occupy in the list of applicants - the first to be enrolled are those who occupy a higher position. At this stage, the original document of prior education and an application for enrollment must be submitted no later than August 1. The enrollment order is issued on 3 August;
- Stage II of admission - the university fills in the remaining budget places... Applicants who will be enrolled at this stage must submit an original document of prior education and a statement of consent to enroll no later than August 6th. The order is issued on 8 August.
The university daily updates the lists of applicants, excluding those who decided to enter another university and those who are already enrolled.
The university determines the terms of admission to the paid department and part-time form of study independently.
By order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, a list of entrance examinations for admission to training in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs and specialty programs was determined. (Complete list).
In this case, the results of the exam in the Russian language and in the subject-specific subject for this specialty must be taken into account. Universities have the right to choose one more third exam from several recommended for this specialty.
(The procedure for admission to universities, order No. 890 of 22.07.16)
In 2018, the USE results for 2014–2018 will be valid.
Two universities - Moscow and St. Petersburg State Universities - have a special status. These universities have the right to independently decide on the conduct of one additional entrance test of a profile orientation for admission for training under bachelor's programs and specialist training programs.
By order of the government, the right to conduct their own entrance examinations for certain specialties annually may be granted to some more universities. The form of these exams (written, oral, testing, interview) is determined by the university.
The right to conduct ( in addition to the exam) one own entrance test in a specialized subject was given to 5 universities:
Universities that have the right to conduct additional tests for applicants
(for some specialties)
- Moscow State Law Academy named after O.E. Kutafin (jurisprudence)
- Moscow State Linguistic University (political science, jurisprudence, linguistics, etc.)
- Moscow State Pedagogical University (Sociology)
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (philology, linguistics)
- Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N. A. Dobrolyubova (translation and translation studies)
Additional tests can also be conducted by universities for admission to creative and sports specialties. Some of the entrance examinations can be considered by the university according to the pass-fail system, others - as competitive. The final list of entrance examinations and the conditions for admission should be determined by universities by February 1 of the current year.
Admission to universities without entrance examinations
Without entrance examinations (USE results), only winners and awardees can enter the university final stage All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren, members of the national teams of the Russian Federation that participated in international Olympiads in general subjects, for training in areas of training (specialties) corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad.
Winners and prize-winners of additional Olympiads, the list of which is established by the Council for Olympiads, operating on the basis of the Russian Union of Rectors, receive benefits at the discretion of the educational institutions themselves, where they enter in accordance with the profile of the Olympiad