The characteristic for a student in the military registration and enlistment office is a certificate containing a description of the characteristic and distinctive features and qualities of a teenager and reflecting the opinion educational institution about him. This document is needed in the event that it becomes necessary to assess the young man and establish in his relation to the decisions of the authorities. It depends on the content of the characteristics in many respects whether the conscript will serve in the army or not. Therefore, the characteristic features of the student's personality indicated in this document for the military registration and enlistment office must be stated clearly and reliably.
Document for the military commissar
Along with other standard documents, the characteristic is attached to the personal file of the conscript. After a thorough study by a psychotherapist during conscription events, depending on its content, a decision is made about which types of troops the conscript is suitable for.
The characteristic from the place of study for the military registration and enlistment office is important in that it contains an assessment of the social activity, initiative and behavior of a young man in society. Such documents play an important role, therefore, here it is necessary to indicate the social and psychological nuances of the person being characterized. Student performance data are equally important.
The meaning of the content of the characteristic
However, this is only in theory, in practice, the characteristic for the military registration and enlistment office from the place of study is purely formal. Most often, its content is taken into account when it comes to distribution to elite types of troops. In this case, the representatives of the commissariat examine the psychological portrait of the young man. If the information specified in this document has a negative connotation, then the conscript is unlikely to end up serving in the Airborne Forces, the Marine Corps or the Presidential Regiment.
The psychologists of the military commissariat carefully study the character of the conscript and, if he wishes, to get into alternative civilian service. Since it is difficult to document the pacifist attitude of a young man, the characterization becomes the main document confirming or refuting the moral attitude of the conscript.
Who can give a personal assessment
The characteristic in the military registration and enlistment office for a student from school can be presented in two forms: ordinary or psychological. The first option is a mandatory certificate. The class teacher writes it. In this case, the characteristic will contain the main points that will tell about the student's family, about his academic performance, intellectual development, about the social status occupied in the class, the level of self-esteem and basic psychological qualities. Thus, the pedagogical certificate must contain complete and capacious information about the young man.
From a higher or secondary vocational educational institution for the military registration and enlistment office, the characteristic features of the student's (student) personality are recorded by an official - an employee of the dean's office.
Psychological characteristics
Sometimes, at the request of the competent services, a psychological characterization is requested. Besides general information about the conscript, this document must contain paragraphs describing psychological characteristics young men. In this case, a psychologist describes the characteristic features of the student's personality for the military registration and enlistment office.
However, before characterizing a young person, it is required to conduct a whole range of studies in order to fully identify his main features. In addition to the results, you will need to describe the methods used to research and test the student. The description of the behavior of the young man during the tests will also be of great importance.
Document form
The characteristic does not have any strict form for filling out, nevertheless, when registering it, certain rules and points that must be specified should be taken into account. Such an assessment is written in a free style by hand or in print.
Document structure
The rules for writing characteristics for a student in the military registration and enlistment office mainly consist of certain generally accepted formulations. The structure of the certificate defining the main character traits of a young man should include:
- A block with personal information, which indicates the full name of the student, date of birth, address of residence, place of study, year of admission to an educational institution.
- A block containing information about the composition of the family, financial situation and intra-family relations. The closest relatives are indicated here.
- A block describing the psychological portrait of a young man, including information about his moral qualities and behavioral norms.
- Block informing about the behavior at the place of study and relationships with classmates and classmates. Indicates the GPA, the level of physical fitness and proficiency in foreign languages.
- Successes and achievements in the learning process. Participation in the public life of the educational institution.
- Hobbies of a young man, his habits.
The characteristic features of the student's personality described in the certificate for the military registration and enlistment office should not only contain the good qualities of the conscript, but also indicate his shortcomings. The responsible person should enter information, if the young person has been brought to the police station, about conflicts and tendencies to mood swings, outbursts of anger or depression. Despite the fact that many samples of characteristics in the military registration and enlistment office do not contain this item, in no case should it be overlooked.
The importance of accurate information
Reliable and complete information about the personal qualities of a conscript will help to avoid unwanted situations. Timely informing the employees of the military commissariat about the peculiarities of the character of the young man prevents the occurrence of possible conflicts during the service.
Specificity of writing a general psychological and pedagogical characteristics of a student
Some descriptions of examples of personality traits of a student for a military registration and enlistment office, in addition to generally accepted points and blocks, may contain detailed information about a developmental disability or motor impairment in physical or cognitive activity and speech features. In the clauses characterizing the mental abilities of the student, information about the features of the ability to analyze and synthesize information obtained through visual and auditory perception must be reflected.
Here, the emotional-volitional sphere of the student can be characterized: sensitivity, prevailing moods, the level of psycho-emotional excitability, the presence of outbursts of anger, obedience, suggestibility. Also, if available, the pathological drives of the young man are indicated.
When describing the characteristic features of a student's personality for a military registration and enlistment office, the teacher has the right to draw conclusions about the orientation of the personality. He is obliged to indicate the main interests, criteria for self-assessment and responsibility of the student. The task of the responsible person is to form an assessment of the behavior of the norms and rules of the student's behavior in society, to determine the place and role in the team, to indicate the level of social adaptation of the young man and relationships with others.
In the compiled description, the responsible person has the right to reflect his own conclusions about the student or indicate the general opinion of the teaching staff.
Sample characteristics of a student in the military registration and enlistment office from school
Characteristics for a student of 11 "B" class
MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5"
Barnaul, Altai Territory
Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich
Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich 1990 year of birth is a student of MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5" since 2008. At present, he is completing his studies in the 11th grade.
The level of physical fitness is high. Healthy, the group of physical training is the main one. He does not use alcohol and drugs. It has a negative attitude towards smoking. There were no drives to the police.
Height - 172 cm, weight - 70 kg. Physical development corresponds to age standards.
Family composition:
- Mother works as a cook in a school cafeteria, secondary special education.
- My father works as a technologist at a woodworking enterprise, higher education.
- My brother is in the 6th grade.
- There are maternal grandparents on the father's side.
They live in their own house, living conditions are good.
The family belongs to the average level of material wealth.
Family relationships are warm and trusting. At home, the student is treated with care and understanding, they monitor the observance of school discipline and the level of academic performance. In turn, the student treats loved ones with respect. His father enjoys special authority.
During his studies at school, the young man showed himself on the positive side. The teaching staff characterizes him as a responsible, hardworking and conscientious student. Disciplined, modest, independent, sociable and friendly towards peers. He knows how to defend his own opinion.
In the main subjects of the curriculum it has grades "good" and "excellent". Grade point average - 4.1
By nature - calm, balanced, seeks to avoid conflict situations. When a conflict arises, he tries to come to a compromise. There are many friends, he enjoys authority among his comrades. Always ready to help classmates and support in difficult times.
An active participant in the social and sports activities of the educational institution. She strives to fulfill school assignments with full dedication. Since the second grade, he has been engaged in athletics and periodically takes prizes in regional, city and regional sports events.
Date - 15.01.2018
Director - Galina Petrovna Cherepanova
Class teacher - Frolova Irina Viktorovna
Finally
The characteristic for the military registration and enlistment office from the place of study is a kind of resume. Therefore, the determination of the main characterizing qualities and personal assessment must be approached with special responsibility. After all, how accurately and reliably the facts are stated depends not only on the effective distribution of certain troops, but also on the likelihood of conflict situations during military service.
Personality traits (personality traits, personality traits) are traits and characteristics of a person that describe his internal (or, more precisely, deep) features. What you need to know about the peculiarities of his behavior, communication and response to certain situations, not specifically now, but during long-term contacts with a person.
Personal traits include deep-seated features that are both biological and social in nature, and determine more superficial, situational manifestations.
Conscientiousness, as a personality trait, in a specific situation will manifest itself as a willingness to complete the matter.
Positive personality traits are often referred to as: personality traits.
What personality traits can be ranked as personality traits? It is easier to note that it does not apply to personality traits. Personality traits are not characteristics that describe:
- Subjective attitude towards personality (Unusual, Amazing, Unpleasant).
- Physical qualities of a person (Dexterous, Handsome).
- Social characteristics and "titles" (Experienced, Wise, Production Leader, Saint, Enlightened).
- A temporary, unstable state of a person, for example, situational (Tired) or depending on mood (Dull or Radiating happiness). Unlike a position that can be quickly selected, a personality trait does not change quickly. A personality trait is a constant circumstance that can only be reckoned with, used or overcome. It's like the weather outside: we can't change it, but if it's raining there, we can take an umbrella and go where we need to.
Is there a complete list of personality traits? - It is impossible to create a complete, "correct" list of personality traits: on the one hand, it is endless (limited only by the capabilities of the language and the imagination of its owner), on the other hand, this list is created for the specific needs of a specific research and therefore is always arbitrary.
Trying to achieve a comprehensive description of the personality, R. Cattell began by collecting all the names of personality traits found either in dictionaries of the type compiled by G. Allport and H. Odbert, or in the psychiatric and psychological literature. The resulting list of names (4500 characteristics) was reduced to 171 personality traits by combining explicit synonyms.
Further, it is not always possible to say whether a certain situational personality trait is her chosen position or a stable feature. The position is, this is a certain way of thinking and attitude chosen by a person, then personality traits are stable personality traits. Unlike a position that can be quickly selected, a personality trait does not change quickly.
If a person behaves like a Victim, is this a trait or a situational choice? To answer this question, you need to observe a person in different situations. Many of the personality traits can be simultaneously attributed to both traits and positions, while noting the "preponderance" of one or the other, characteristic of a particular culture of a given time. For example, today it is more often a position than a personality trait of an adult. Few people can definitely say that he has a stable characteristic of always taking care of himself and always only at his own expense. More often a person in a given situation quickly chooses such a way of life, and in another situation he can make a different decision. However, we can also say that some people adhere to the position of the Consumer, having made a conscious choice and having made it their own stable habit. And in this sense - a personality trait.
The most common list of personality traits used in classical psychological tests: MMPI, Cattell test and others. According to Cattell, these are, first of all: "isolation - sociability", intelligence, "emotional instability - emotional stability", "subordination - dominance", "restraint - expressiveness", "low normality of behavior - high normality of behavior", "shyness - courage "," Harshness - sensitivity "," gullibility - suspiciousness "," practicality - dreaminess "," straightforwardness - diplomacy "," calmness - anxiety "," conservatism - radicalism "," conformism - nonconformism "," low self-control - high self-control "," Relaxation - tension "," adequate self-esteem - inadequate self-esteem "(primary test factors), as well as" anxiety "," extraversion - introversion "," sensitivity "and" conformity "(secondary test factors).
It seems that the list of personality traits that are relevant in life is easy to continue: these are adequacy, suggestibility, good manners, sincerity, perfectionism, restraint and many others.
It is difficult to make a coherent system of personality traits, first of all, due to the fact that personality traits are related to each other not only linearly, but also hierarchically. For example, behavioral habits such as "Nodding", "Ugukanie" and "Flash eyes" are components of the ability to give signs of listening - skills and habits of a higher level. In turn, the signs of listening together with adjustments in the body, adjustments in the dictionary are components of the ability to listen. In turn, the ability to listen together, the ability to speak with clear theses, the skill of operating with facts and specifics and the habit of summing up are components of thoughtful communication, which in turn is part of effective communication. Effective communication is part of effective leadership, and so on.
From the point of view of the needs of practice, the list of personality traits can be significantly narrowed by highlighting the root, fundamental, personal traits proper. It is considered as such,
People are not alike. Everyone has their own model of behavior in society. Someone easily converges with people, finds common themes, disposes the interlocutor to communicate. Another person takes a long look at others, carefully selects the object of communication, ponders the course of the conversation, and so on.
It all depends on the character. Character is the model of human behavior, his reaction to the world, his inner state. Character is formed as a result of hereditary qualities and upbringing.
A person lives in a society of people and his attitude towards others plays a significant role. The quality of life of society, its civilization depends on this.
Sociability, kindness, responsiveness. It is difficult and unpleasant to communicate with a rude, indifferent, cynical person.
To live, everyone must work, thereby earning a livelihood for themselves and their families.
Certain character traits help to succeed in this.
To be successful, you need to have some talents - creative thinking, perseverance, hard work, courage in making decisions. Appreciate people who are initiative and conscientious. In collective work, it is important to trust employees. Diligence is a valuable quality.
Character can be changed because it is influenced by the communication environment.
For example, a person who is not obligatory, treating these promises easily, can turn into a responsible employee if the success of the enterprise and the lives of other people depends on his decisions and actions in the service. This is especially evident in the professions of firefighters, doctors, judges, where the fate and lives of people are decided.
Kretschmer gave an original classification of a person's character by body type:
Picnics are stalwart at a certain stage of obesity. Facial features are disproportionate to body parts, small. They are sociable, positive, generous. The negative character traits include a tendency to depression in a difficult life situation.
Asthenics are thin, tall individuals with an elongated face. These are closed, uncommunicative people. They prefer loneliness, they are often rude, greedy, stubborn. But it is asthenics who have a developed mind and a talent for science.
Athletes are physically fit and attractive, but not emotional people... Among them there are both good and evil.
Negative character traits
There are people who try to make money in dubious ways. At the same time, people who trust the deceiver, who are responsible for the result of dishonest behavior, suffer from deception.
A person's successes and failures largely depend on what place in society he gives you for himself. If he behaves confidently and calmly, it inspires respect and sympathy. Disposable is a person who adequately responds to constructive criticism, behaves with dignity.
A person should cherish and appreciate the good that he has
Modesty, as you know, is also one of the most worthy personality traits.
Mutual assistance is only good if it comes from a pure heart, without expecting a rewarding action. A person should cherish and appreciate the good that he has. You cannot demand and expect incredible luck from life, without doing anything to achieve great results. , but without stinginess.
The role of upbringing in character development
Plays an important role in the formation of a person's character. From childhood, the child takes an example from his parents. If they behave incorrectly in relation to loved ones, to work, to politics, the child absorbs all this and assimilates the wrong model of behavior. Over time, this model develops into character.
Growing up, a person introduces into his behavior the views instilled in him by his father and mother. A child should be brought up in an open, simple and logical understanding of life. If adults say one thing and do the opposite, the child is lost in concepts and becomes hypocritical. At first he cannot understand such a situation. But, since adults do not clearly explain to him why they are lying, he adopts such a model of behavior and also learns to lie.
Temperament and character
These concepts are related, but not identical. Temperament is associated with the human psyche. These are his innate features. The variety of personality types forms special personal relationships in society. If the character is formed in the environment of communication, then a person is born with a special temperament. It can be guessed in a person from a very early age by behavior.
There are 4 types of temperaments:
Melancholic people are vulnerable, nervous people. They find it difficult to get along with people, do not like to devote to their problems. They often fall into depression, if you do not help to cope with this condition, the melancholic can commit suicide. Such people are influenced by the environment. If there are kind people around the melancholic, he feels great. Scientists, artists, and writers often have such a temperament. Such children do not like noisy games.
Choleric people are sociable, mobile, inquisitive. The energy of the choleric child must be directed in the right direction. He must attend sports sections, dance clubs. Otherwise, his activity can find a way out in bad rash acts. Choleric people are born leaders, they strive to stand out from the crowd, to lead. They have a certain tenacity, are greedy, some strive for quick dishonest earnings. Choleric people are prone to reincarnation, among them there are many talented actors. The tendency to pretend is manifested from childhood.
Sanguine people are balanced, calm people. You can rely on them - in a difficult situation they will always find a way out. They are not afraid of difficulties, rarely subject to bad habits. They are guided by common sense in everything. Sanguine people do not like loneliness, they like to communicate with people, they have a good sense of humor. They have almost no negative character traits.
Phlegmatic people are mentally stable. Their strengths are intelligence. Restraint, composure. They do not like drastic changes in life.
There must be a golden mean in the character. It should be distinguished in the assessment of a person:
- frugality from greed,
- modesty from isolation,
- restraint from indifference.
Before proceeding with the classification and enumeration of character traits, it is necessary to understand what character is. In Greek, "character" is a difference, an omen, a sign. From the point of view of psychology, character is a certain set of personal properties that determine a person's actions in various situations and shape him as an individual.
There is an ancient saying: "Sow an act - reap a habit, sow a habit - reap character, sow character - reap destiny." This dictum briefly and succinctly reflects the place that character takes in the life and fate of a person. Therefore, it is so important to know about what kind of character traits people have in order to learn to understand their influence on the resolution of different, and especially conflict situations.
Classification of character traits
Conditionally, character traits can be divided into three main groups:
- emotional;
- strong-willed;
- intellectual.
According to the direction of influence, the traits are also divided into the following subgroups:
- attitude to the outside world - people and society;
- attitude towards yourself personally;
- attitude to activity - learning and work.
The most basic character traits, especially those related to the emotional group, are formed in early childhood - at the stage of the formation of the child's psyche and depend on many factors. Not the least role is played by a person's natural predisposition, which is influenced by hereditary traits and temperament. But the main impact is the environment.
It is in childhood that the positive and negative traits of a person's character are laid in the process of acquiring experience of interaction with the outside world. Then, throughout life, the formation of individual features continues, and new ones may appear. And if at first this process occurs at the unconscious, reflex level, then with the acquisition of awareness, and depending on its level, a person has a choice. When this choice is realized, an opportunity opens up for character transformation, which is otherwise called personal growth.
Main character traits
Today, there are several hundred definitions of various character traits. Moreover, they can get along in one person in a variety of combinations. Depending on the direction of the impact, such traits can have both positive and negative consequences of their influence. Therefore, it is very difficult to assert with absolute certainty that these are bad character traits, and these are good ones. In most cases, it makes sense to talk about certain sets of properties that, in a certain situation, can have a great influence on the consequences of solving certain problems, defined as positive or negative, which again will be to some extent a subjective opinion.
And yet we will try to compile a list of the main character traits that are formed in the early stages of development and therefore relate more to the emotional group, conventionally dividing them not into bad and good, but, say, into positive and negative traits of a person's character, as it is commonly considered with the public -moral point of view.
Negative character traits
Anger. This is an emotional trait that can be expressed in a negative attitude of any orientation - towards oneself, people, and even towards work. If this is not a periodic, but a constant reaction, most likely its roots are in a deep resentment of children.
Pride. In religion, such a trait is even considered one of the grave sins. Because a person in whom this quality is manifested very strongly loses the ability to adequately assess and make correct decisions. Such a person ultimately harms others and himself.
Selfishness. This is a negative trait that concentrates and generates a whole host of others. In fact, it can become the quintessence of all unseemly character traits, but, as a rule, it has a negative impact in the direction of attitudes towards other people, while in relation to itself it is subjectively considered positive.
Jealousy. This character trait is associated with selfishness and pride, since it implies a sense of possessiveness and has a destructive effect not only on others, but also on oneself, since jealousy is blind and therefore is capable of pushing to very bad deeds.
Greed. It can take different forms: greed for fame, money, things, food, pleasure, etc. Pushes a person to unseemly actions and causes rejection of others.
Envy. A person possessed by envy hurts, first of all, himself. After all, as they say, envy - eats from the inside, sharpens like a worm. It can also do great harm to the object of envy, if the owner of such a trait intends to restore the apparent imbalance in their favor in some way.
Cruelty. This trait in any form brings only destruction and suffering to those at whom it will be directed. Psychologists believe that it is a manifestation of lack of will. It can be added that often the cruel person is guided by fear and self-doubt.
Positive character traits
It is believed that all character traits have their antipodes. Therefore, let's see what character traits are that are opposite to those listed above.
Kindness. Unlike an evil person, you want to communicate with a good person. Kindness also includes traits such as selflessness and compassion. Isn't that why kind people so often try to use for their own purposes those who have negative character traits? Think about it.
Humility. Some people do not like this quality, because for some reason it is considered slavish. This is actually a very good trait that can work wonders - for example, stop destructive conflicts, negate feuds and useless showdown.
Altruism. This is the complete opposite of selfishness. An egoist will never understand an altruist, but an altruist will understand, listen, forgive and even help. An amazing trait that is an endangered species, but in vain.
Confidence. Perhaps it is the most accurate antipode of jealousy, although some argue that its antipode is love. But it is trust, and not gullibility, that is the saving bridge between loving people, which is able to unite them and give true happiness of communication with each other.
Generosity. If it spreads in all directions, it will be a unique personality. This character trait is a blessing for others, and if it is from the bottom of my heart, then for its owner.
Goodwill. Despite the fact that this trait is associated with kindness, it refers more to external manifestations, as opposed to envy, which is always secret. Goodwill blesses and attracts if it is sincere and a character trait, not a show.
Mercy. One of the best traits of a person's character. We can safely say that this world is based on mercy, as one of the forms of universal love. By developing this trait, a person is enriched spiritually.
Other character traits
There are many other character traits that can be emotional, volitional, or intellectual. They are developed already in adulthood and are based on life experience. This is how curiosity and thoughtfulness, decisiveness and independence appear. However, character strengths can enhance both positive and negative traits. For example, assertiveness combined with anger can lead to destructive effects, and when combined with kindness, it can lead to the salvation of another person. It is not for nothing that they say that there are so many people, there are so many characters, and in fact, even knowing many properties of a particular person's character, it is impossible to predict one hundred percent of his behavior in a particular situation.
Is it possible to change your character traits
It makes sense to change your traits only in a positive direction. After all, in the end, all positive traits lead to creation and improvement, and negative ones to destruction and destruction. But for this, you must first come to the realization that negative traits do exist, and thereby complicate the life of an individual. And very few succeed.
Before you begin to draw up a judgment about the character traits of a person, you need to have a clear idea of what the properties of human nature are in general. We will begin to act according to the list of human character traits and according to a clear gradation, dividing the character according to the principle of black and white, that is, into its positive and negative features.
Negative properties of human nature
Adventurism is often called a negative quality of human nature. Indeed, excessive enthusiasm for various adventures does not lead to anything good - at best, a person scatters his life in pursuit of pipe dreams and the implementation of chaotic projects.
However, healthy adventurism is necessarily inherent in a successful businessman - without it, innovation in entrepreneurial activity and the corresponding commercial success are impossible. If you go along this path, then you can highlight other, in principle, negative character traits that are necessary for a successful person.
Here they are: authoritarianism (the leader's decision should not be challenged), gambling (the desire to make money in unusual ways, the ability to take risks), as well as greed (again, the desire to acquire financial success) and a certain lack of principle, which is indispensable in big business. However, a certain balance will be important here, which will not allow a successful business person to turn into a complete villain.
However, let's leave business aside and move on to the character traits of ordinary people.
What are the negative traits of a person's character?
- Let's start with pride, which in many religious movements is generally regarded as a mortal sin. A person, possessed by pride, thinks that the world exists only for his sake and everything is done according to his whims and for his pleasure. Such a proud man is able to inflict a lot of pain on his loved ones and never find his place in life;
- It cannot be called a positive quality of human disposition and excessive lust for power. The desire to tell others what to do and how to do it does not arouse sympathy;
- Selfishness and vanity are also negative traits - concentration on one's own needs and excessive boasting about one's often dubious achievements annoys and makes communication with a person of this kind extremely difficult;
- A jealous person is able to poison the life of a loved one, turn a cozy family nest into a hotbed of scandals and even reach a crime, therefore, overestimated jealousy in character is considered one of its worst properties;
- It is worth getting rid of resentment and envy. Envy is capable of undermining the soul from the inside, forcing to wish other people bad things - that is why the stable expression "envy in black" appeared. Resentment is bad because a person goes inside himself, reveling in a feeling of resentment, and does not at all look for ways to resolve a conflict or problem situation;
- Cruelty and vindictiveness are considered two of the most negative qualities of human disposition. Rigidity is the flip side of another negative character trait - lack of will. A person tries to restore his lost status quo by violence and inflicting pain on the people around him;
- The negative qualities of human nature also include: heartlessness, wastefulness, avarice, suspiciousness, malice, self-criticism and lust.
Positive traits of character
What traits of a person's character are considered positive? One of the most important good qualities of human nature is certainty, that is, such a character trait in which a person always knows what to strive for and what to achieve the goal he needs to do.
He is not sprayed on insignificant and insignificant factors, but goes directly along the chosen path:
- Diligence is also an extremely important positive feature in human nature. Without diligence, little can be achieved in life: after all, all its important milestones require regular and careful application of efforts;
- Reasonable vigilance is also necessary for each of us - after all, it is she who will help to draw the right conclusions from the most difficult situations in life and teach you how to timely prevent the occurrence of problems yourself different kinds;
- Endurance is a quality of character that is difficult to do without in modern life - because it is full of stress, conflict and controversial moments. The ability to withstand all the tests of life and be ready to continue on your way is a very, very valuable skill;
- Goodwill is very useful in life. Treating strangers with attention and warmth, sincere care for them without the desire for profit and reward - adorn a person, make him a worthy person;
- Mindfulness is useful not only in career and study - this quality will help preserve human health and even life. It is important to develop this quality in oneself from childhood - an attentive person is most often successful in all spheres of life;
- It is important and necessary to show courage in judgments and actions, because how many omissions people make, fearing to express their opinions openly or to show their talent;
- The capacity for compassion, according to many philosophers, can save the world. One cannot indifferently pass by other people's sufferings and not lend a helping hand to those in need of it;
- It is also worth learning and decisiveness - it will help you make the most difficult and important decisions in situations where any delay is destructive;
- It is necessary to cultivate in oneself respect for other people and learn to respect oneself. It is impossible to ensure a normal working environment in the office without respect, nor is it possible to create a truly cozy and loving family circle;
- Spiritual generosity is obligatory in a person - the ability to give one's strength, feelings, talents and abilities to others, to share joys and opportunities with them;
- Tenderness and cheerfulness are important for the full-fledged existence of an individual in society. The manifestation of touching concern for one's neighbor, sincere interest in the problems of others bring standard communication to a new, higher and more harmonious level, and the ability to enjoy life in any of its manifestations will help to overcome crises and notice the beauty of the world around;
- People should not forget about honor: you cannot throw your dignity into the mud, humiliate your own personality with lies or base aspirations. It is important to learn to be honest not only with others, but also with yourself - then most mistakes can be avoided;
- The ability to be grateful is the most magnificent and, unfortunately, an extremely rare positive quality of human nature - and it is this ability that allows others and the person himself to realize the value of his life and talents.
Finally, I would like to note such a positive property of human nature as humility. Various religious and philosophical movements teach and call to humility, and this is not without reason: after all, it is humility that helps a person to realize his mistakes, not to get hung up on unreasonable and limiting pride, but, recognizing defeat, to begin to move on.
Humility is the highest virtue and an invaluable quality not only of character, but also of a person's soul.
It is important to remember that any qualities of a person's character are always reflected on his face and an attentive psychologist is able to draw correct conclusions about a person simply by casting a quick glance at a person.
The character of a person and his facial features are closely interconnected, it is no accident that even a very handsome person with an evil soul quickly ceases to be attractive to others, and a kind and warm look can decorate even the most unsightly appearance.
This connection is examined in more detail by a special science - physiognomy, which is used both in psychology and in forensic science.
Modern recruiting agencies also do not shy away from this science - it allows you to make the recruitment of qualified personnel the most effective.
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The character of a person is a qualitative individual characteristic that combines stable and constant properties of the psyche that determine the behavior and characteristics of a person's attitude. Literally, translated from Greek, character means a sign, a trait. The character in the structure of the personality combines the totality of its various qualities and properties that leave an imprint on behavior, activity and individual manifestation. The totality of essential, and most importantly, stable properties and qualities determine the entire way of a person's life and his ways of reacting in a given situation.
The character of an individual is formed, determined and formed throughout his entire life path. The relationship between character and personality is manifested in activity, communication, while conditioning typical ways of behavior.
Personality traits
Any trait is a certain stable and unchanging stereotype of behavior.
Characteristic personality traits in a general sense can be divided into those that set the general direction for the development of character manifestations in the complex (leading), and those that are determined by the main directions (secondary). Leading features allow you to reflect the very essence of the character and show the main important manifestations of it. It must be understood that any trait of a person's character will reflect the manifestation of his attitude to reality, but this does not mean that any of his attitude will be directly a character trait. Depending on the environment of the individual's life and certain conditions, only some manifestations of relationships will become defining character traits. Those. a person can react aggressively to one or another stimulus of the internal or external environment, but this will not mean that the person is malicious by nature.
In the structure of the character of each person, 4 groups are distinguished. The first group includes traits that determine the basis of the personality, its core. These include: honesty and insincerity, integrity and cowardice, courage and cowardice, and many others. The second includes traits that manifest the individual's attitude directly to other people. For example, respect and contempt, kindness and spite, and others. The third group is characterized by the attitude of the individual to himself. These include: pride, modesty, arrogance, vanity, self-criticism and others. The fourth group is the attitude towards work, performed activity or work. And it is characterized by such traits as hard work and laziness, responsibility and irresponsibility, activity and passivity, and others.
Some scientists additionally single out another group that characterizes a person's attitude to things, for example, neatness and slovenliness.
They also distinguish such typological properties of character traits as abnormal and normal. Normal traits are inherent in people who have a healthy psyche, and abnormal ones include people with a variety of mental illnesses. It should be noted that similar personality traits can be both abnormal and normal at the same time. It all depends on the degree of expression or whether it is an accentuation of character. An example of this would be healthy suspicion, but when it goes off scale, it leads to.
The determining role in the formation of personality traits is played by society and a person's attitude towards him. You cannot judge a person without seeing how he interacts with the collective, without taking into account his affections, antipathies, comradely or friendly relations in society.
An individual's attitude to any type of activity is determined by his relationship with other persons. Interaction with other people can encourage a person to be active and innovative, or keep him in suspense, give rise to his lack of initiative. The idea of an individual about himself is determined by his relationship with people and attitude to activity. The basis in the formation of personality consciousness is the direct relationship to other individuals. A correct assessment of the personality traits of another person is a fundamental factor in the formation of self-esteem. Also, it should be noted that when a person's activity changes, not only the ways, methods and subject of this activity change, but also the person's attitude towards oneself in the new role of the agent changes.
Personality traits
The main feature of character in the structure of a personality is its definiteness. But this does not mean the dominance of one trait. Several traits can dominate a character, contradicting or not contradicting each other. The character can lose its certainty in the absence of clearly expressed features. The system of moral values and personal beliefs is also a leading and determining factor in the formation of character traits. They establish a long-term direction of personality behavior.
The characteristics of an individual's character are inextricably linked with his stable and deep interests. The lack of integrity, self-sufficiency and independence of the individual is closely interconnected with the instability and superficiality of the interests of the individual. And, conversely, the integrity and purposefulness, persistence of a person directly depends on the content and depth of his interests. However, the similarity of interests does not yet imply the similarity of the characteristic features of the individual. For example, among scientists one can find both cheerful and sad people, both good and bad.
To understand the characteristics of a person's character, one should also pay attention to his affections, leisure. This can reveal new facets and features of character. It is also important to pay attention to the correspondence of a person's actions to his established goals, because an individual is characterized not only by action, but also by how he performs them. The orientation of the activity and the actions themselves form the personality's dominant spiritual or material needs and interests. Therefore, character should be understood only as the unity of the way of actions and their direction. It is on the combination of personality traits and his properties that the real achievements of a person depend, and not on the presence of mental capabilities.
Temperament and personality traits
The relationship between character and personality is also determined by the temperament of the individual, abilities and other aspects. And the concepts of temperament and personality character form its structure. Character is a set of qualitative properties of an individual that determine his actions, manifested in relation to other people, actions, things. Whereas temperament is a set of properties of the psyche of an individual that affect his behavioral reactions. The nervous system is responsible for the manifestation of temperament. The character is also inextricably linked with the psyche of the individual, but its features are formed throughout life under the influence of the external environment. And temperament is an innate parameter that cannot be changed, you can only restrain its negative manifestations.
Temperament is a prerequisite for character. Temperament and character in the structure of the personality are closely interconnected with each other, but at the same time they are different from each other.
Temperament contains mental dissimilarities between people. It differs in the depth and strength of the manifestations of emotions, activity of actions, impressionability and other individual, stable, dynamic characteristics of the psyche.
It can be concluded that temperament is an innate foundation and basis on which a person is formed as a member of society. Therefore, the most stable and permanent personality traits is temperament. It manifests itself in the same way in any activity, regardless of its focus or content. Remains unchanged in adulthood.
So, temperament is the personal characteristics of an individual, which determine the dynamism of the course of his behavior and mental processes. Those. the concept of temperament characterizes the pace, intensity, duration of mental processes, external behavioral reaction (activity, slowness), but not conviction in views and interests. It is also not a definition of the value of a person and does not determine its potential.
There are three important components of temperament that are related to the general mobility (activity) of a person, his emotionality and motor skills. In turn, each of the components has a rather complex structure and differs in various forms of psychological manifestation.
The essence of activity lies in the individual's desire for self-expression, transformation of the external component of reality. At the same time, the direction itself, the quality of the implementation of these trends is determined precisely by the characterological characteristics of the individual and not only. The degree of such activity can be from lethargy to the highest manifestation of mobility - a constant rise.
The emotional component of personality temperament is a set of properties that characterize the characteristics of the flow of various feelings and moods. This component is the most complex in its structure in comparison with the rest. Its main characteristics are lability, impressionability and impulsivity. Emotional lability is the speed with which one emotional state is replaced by another or stops. Sensitivity is understood as the subject's susceptibility to emotional influences. Impulsivity is the speed with which an emotion turns into a motivating cause and force of actions and deeds without first thinking over them and making a conscious decision to carry them out.
The character and temperament of a person are inextricably linked. The dominance of one type of temperament can help determine the character of the subjects as a whole.
Personality types
Today in the specific literature there are many criteria by which the personality types are determined.
The typology proposed by E. Kretschmer is now the most popular. It consists in dividing people into three groups depending on their physique.
Picnic people are people who are prone to overweight or slightly overweight, short, but with a large head, wide face and short neck. Their character type corresponds to cyclothymics. They are emotional, sociable, easily adapting to a variety of conditions.
Athletic people are tall and broad-shouldered people, with well-developed muscles, a hardy skeleton and a powerful chest. They correspond to the ixotimic type of character. These people are domineering and quite practical, calm and unimpressive. Ixotimics are restrained in gestures and facial expressions, poorly adapting to changes.
Asthenic people are people prone to thinness, the muscles are poorly developed, the chest is flat, the arms and legs are long, and have an elongated face. Corresponds to the type of character of schizotimics. Such people are very serious and prone to stubbornness, it is difficult to adapt to changes. They are characterized by isolation.
K.G. Jung developed a different typology. It is based on the predominant functions of the psyche (thinking, intuition). His classification divides subjects into introverts and extroverts, depending on the dominance of the external or internal world.
An extrovert is characterized by directness, openness. Such a person is extremely sociable, active and has many friends, comrades and acquaintances. Extroverts love to travel and take everything from life. The extrovert often becomes the initiator of parties, in companies he becomes their soul. In ordinary life, he focuses only on the circumstances, and not on the subjective opinion of others.
An introvert, on the other hand, is characterized by isolation, self-directedness. Such a person is fenced off from environment, carefully analyzes all events. It is difficult for an introvert to be in contact with people, so he has few friends and acquaintances. Introverts prefer solitude to noisy companies. These people have an overestimated degree of anxiety.
There is also a typology based on the relationship of character and temperament, which divides people into 4 psychotypes.
A choleric person is a rather impetuous, fast, passionate and at the same time unbalanced person. Such people are prone to sudden mood swings and emotional outbursts. Choleric people do not have a balance of nervous processes, therefore they are quickly depleted, thoughtlessly spending their strength.
Phlegmatic people are distinguished by equanimity, slowness, stability of moods and aspirations. Outwardly, they practically do not show emotions and feelings. Such people are quite persistent and persistent in their work, while always remaining balanced and calm. The phlegmatic compensates for his slowness in work by diligence.
The melancholic is a very vulnerable person, prone to stable experience of various events. The melancholic reacts sharply to any external factors or manifestations. Such people are very impressionable.
A sanguine person is a mobile, active person with a lively character. He is subject to frequent changes of impressions and is characterized by quick reactions to any events. Easy to measure with the setbacks or troubles that befell him. When a sanguine person is interested in his work, he will be quite productive.
Also K. Leonhard identified 12 types, often found in people with neuroses, accentuated characters. And E. Fromm described three social types of characters.
The psychological nature of the personality
Everyone has known for a long time that significant changes take place in the psychological character of the personality in the process of its development and life. Such changes are subject to typical (regular) and atypical (individual) tendencies.
Typical tendencies include changes that occur with a psychological character in the process of growing up. This happens because the older the individual becomes, the faster he gets rid of the childish manifestations in the character, which distinguish the child's behavior from the adult. Childish personality traits include moodiness, tearfulness, fears, irresponsibility. The adult traits that come with age include tolerance, life experience, rationality, wisdom, prudence, etc.
As you move along the path of life and the acquisition of life experience, the individual changes in views on events, and their attitudes towards them change. That in the aggregate also affects the final formation of character. Therefore, there are certain differences between people of different age groups.
So, for example, people between the ages of 30 and 40 live mainly in the future, they live with ideas and plans. All their thoughts, their activity are aimed at realizing the future. And people who have reached the age of 50 have come to the point where their present life meets simultaneously with the past life and the future. And therefore, their character is modified in such a way as to correspond to the present. This is the age when people completely say goodbye to dreams, but are not yet ready to feel nostalgic for the years they have lived. People who have passed the 60-year mark practically do not think about the future, they are much more concerned about the present, they have memories of the past. Also, due to physical ailments, the previously taken pace and rhythm of life are no longer available to them. This leads to the appearance of such character traits as leisurely, measured, peacefulness.
Atypical, specific tendencies are directly related to the events experienced by a person, i.e. are caused by a past life.
As a rule, such character traits that are similar to those already existing are established much faster and faster appear.
It should always be remembered that character is not a constant value, it is formed throughout the entire life cycle of a person.
Social character of personality
Individuals of any society, despite their individual personality traits and differences, have common in their psychological manifestations and properties, therefore they act as ordinary representatives of a given society.
The social character of a person is a general way of adapting a person to the influence of society. It is created by religion, culture, education system and family upbringing. It should also be borne in mind that even in a family, a child receives the upbringing that is approved in this society and corresponds to the culture, is considered normal, ordinary and natural.
According to E. Fromm, social character means the result of a person's adaptation to a particular way of organizing society, to the culture in which he is brought up. He believes that none of the well-known developed societies in the world will allow an individual to fully realize himself. From this it follows that the personality from birth is in conflict with society. Therefore, we can conclude that the social character of the individual is a kind of mechanism that allows the individual to exist freely and with impunity in any society.
The process of adaptation of an individual in society occurs with a distortion of the character of the individual himself and his personality, to the detriment of it. According to Fromm, social character is a kind of protection, an individual's response to a situation that causes frustration in the social environment, which does not allow the individual to freely express himself and fully develop, which deliberately puts it within the framework and limitations. In society, a person will not be able to fully develop the inclinations and capabilities inherent in him by nature. Fromm believed that the social character is inculcated in the individual and has a stabilizing character. From the moment an individual begins to possess a social character, he becomes completely safe for the society in which he lives. Fromm identified several options of this nature.
Accentuation of personality character
Accentuation of personality traits is a pronounced feature of character traits that is within the recognized norm. Depending on the magnitude of the severity of character traits, accentuation is subdivided into latent and explicit.
Under the influence of specific environmental factors or circumstances, some weakly expressed or not at all manifested features can be clearly expressed - this is called latent accentuation.
Explicit accentuation is understood as an extreme manifestation of the norm. This type is characterized by the constancy of traits for a particular character. Accentuations are dangerous in that they can contribute to the development of mental disorders, situationally-defined pathological disorders of behavior, neuroses, etc. However, one should not confuse and identify the accentuation of a personality's character with the concept of mental pathology.
K. Leongrad identified the main types and combinations of accentuations.
A feature of the hysterical type is egocentrism, an excessive thirst for attention, recognition of individual abilities, the need for approval and respect.
People with a hyperthymic type are prone to a high degree of sociability, mobility, a tendency to mischief, excessive independence.
Asthenoneurotic - characterized by high fatigue, irritability, anxiety.
Psychosthenic - manifested by indecision, love of demagoguery, self-examination and analysis, suspiciousness.
A distinctive feature of the schizoid type is isolation, detachment, lack of communication.
The sensitive type is manifested by increased sensitivity, sensitivity, and shyness.
Excitable - characterized by a tendency to regularly recurring periods of melancholy, accumulation of irritation.
Emotionally labile - characterized by a very changeable mood.
Infantile-dependent - observed in people who play with children, who avoid taking responsibility for their actions.
Unstable type - manifests itself in a constant craving for various kinds of entertainment, pleasure, idleness, idleness.
Speaker of the Medical and Psychological Center "PsychoMed"
Properties, or personality traits, are the characteristics that most accurately describe the deep characteristics of a person, that which gives an idea of his manner of communicating with society, responding to certain situations, not only at a given moment, but also during long-term contact with others.
Personality traits can be social in nature and be innate characteristics of a particular individual.
Classification of personality traits
The main character traits are usually divided into three groups:
- The attitude of the individual to the society, the people around him (in other words, the attitude to the external environment).
- Attitude to your own person.
- Attitude towards learning and work, that is, towards activities.
Emotional character traits, such as apathy or cheerfulness, aggressiveness or good nature, impulsiveness or isolation, love, capriciousness, hot temper, melancholy, and so on, are formed at an early stage of the formation of the psyche, that is, in early childhood.
Intellectual traits ( prudence, insight, independence, etc.) and strong-willed(masculinity, assertiveness, discretion, pedantry, etc.) character traits, on the contrary, are acquired during life, being formed under the influence of various external situations.
Characteristics such as are not personality traits:
In the formation of a person's personality, natural predisposition will be of great importance, as well as the influence of temperament and hereditary genes on it.
However, one should not underestimate the role played by the environment of the child in the formation of his character. It is no less important than congenital features. The kid learns the world around him and learns to act in different situations in one way or another. At first, this process occurs reflexively, and then it becomes the result of a conscious choice. It is this choice that determines the further development of the personality, its growth.
Main character traits
In any person, you can find an interweaving of a wide variety of personality traits, both positive and negative. While it is impossible to assert with absolute certainty that a particular trait is positive or, on the contrary, negative, for example, a penchant for all sorts of adventures can both help in prosperity and create huge problems, depending on how deliberately a person engages in adventures.
Envy, for example, is commonly referred to as a highly negative personality trait, but it can stimulate the envious person to move forward and achieve much more than others. In general, we can say that the decisive role is played not so much by a specific character trait as by the ability to apply it correctly, as well as its combination with other personality traits. But from a moral point of view, the most characteristic personality traits are still usually subdivided into negative and positive.
Negative traits
Positive features
It is possible to list the positive character traits for a very long time, but the most significant ones include:
Of course, all of the above is not an axiom, and it is almost impossible to predict how a particular person will react to a particular situation, how he will behave in it, even knowing him closely. Besides, negative character traits can be:
- decrease,
- turn into positive ones.
However, this is achieved by long and hard work on oneself, and this, unfortunately, is far from being possible for many.