V as pronounced in Russian. Transcription and features of pronunciation of English words. Pronunciation of English words: how to learn English transcription

The English language is known for frequent discrepancies in the spelling and pronunciation of words. Therefore, it is sometimes very difficult for beginners to figure out how to pronounce this or that expression from the text correctly. Today's material will give some support for beginners in this matter. Here we have collected basic English vocabulary with transcription and Russian translation, and also described the pronunciation English words Russian letters. Thus, you will not get confused in transcription signs and reading rules, but will easily understand how the correct pronunciation sounds.

Before proceeding to the study of vocabulary, I would like to note a few important points.

The phonetic system of the English language has 48 sounds. And this is only with 26 letters! Letter combinations play a huge role here, thanks to which a new sound is formed. The reading rules given in the adjacent material tell in detail about this phenomenon. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with them, because. pronunciation in Russian is only an auxiliary element that does not convey all the subtleties of the British accent.

In addition, for the correct expression of sounds in English, it is necessary to develop appropriate articulation. How to do this will tell you an article about the features and rules of pronunciation of English words. We also recommend reading this material without fail. Since Russian transcription, of course, will facilitate the perception of words for children and beginners, but will not contribute much to the production of purely English "speaking".

Thus, of course, it is convenient to be able to help with pronunciation in Russian, but you cannot use it all the time. Try to gradually master the transcription rules and try to pronounce new words on your own, and use the Russian version for reference purposes only. With this guide, let's move on to our list and learn how to pronounce popular English words.

Pronunciation of English words in Russian letters - Phrasebook

The above expressions will help you compose a short English text about yourself, maintain an easy conversation when you first meet, and understand the meaning of most standard phrases. In addition, you do not have to constantly need a translator, because knowing the correct pronunciation of words, you will be able to independently perceive and translate expressions spoken by foreigners.

Acquaintance

Word	Transcription	Pronunciation	Translation
Hello!		[hello]	Hello!
good morning!	[ɡʊdˈmɔːnɪŋ]	[good mooning]	Good morning!
Good afternoon!	[ɡʊdˌɑːftəˈnuːn]	[gud aftenun]	Good afternoon
good evening!	[ɡʊdˈiːvnɪŋ]	[good evening]	Good evening!
What is your name?		[wot from yo name]	What is your name?
My name is…		[my name from]	My name is…
Where are you from?		[we ar yu from]	Where are you from?
I am from…		[ahm from]	I'm from…
I speak…		[ahspeak]	I speak…
How old are you?		[how old ar yu]	How old are you?
I am 20.		[ah um wenty]	I am 20 years old.
Nice to meet you!		[nice to mit yu]	Nice to meet you!
How are you?		[how ar yu]	How are you doing?
I am very well, thanks.		[ay um wary well sanks]	All is well, thank you.
Goodbye!	[ɡʊdbaɪ]	[goodbye]	Goodbye!
All the best!	[ɔːl ðə best]	[ol the best]	All the best!

Appeals and questions

Mister		[miste]	Mister
madam	[ˈmæd.əm]	[madam]	mistress
young man		[yang man]	Young woman
young lady (miss)		[young lady]	Girl, young lady, miss
Ladies and Gentlemen	[ˈleɪ.dis ənd dʒen.tl̩.mən]	[lades and gentleman]	Ladies and Gentlemen
I am a tourist.		[ah um e tourist]	I am a tourist.
Excuse me, can you help me, please?	[ɪkˈskjuːs miː kæn ju help miː pliːz]	[ikskyus mi, ken yu help mi pliz]	Excuse me, can you help me?
Could you spare me a moment?		[ku yu spee mi e moment]	Could you give me a minute of your time?
Do you speak English?		[doo yu speak rush]	Do you speak Russian?
Where is the bus stop?		[war from the bass stop]	Where is the bus-stop?
Where can I take a taxi?		[War Ai Can Take E Taxi]	Where can I get a taxi?
I'm lost. I'm seeking the hotel Riga. Where is it?		[Aim lost. Aim Seaking the Hotel Riga. Ware of it]	I'm lost. I am looking for a hotel "Riga". Where is it?
When does the bus leave?		[Wen daz the bass liv]	When does the bus leave?
Could you do me a favor?		[Ku yu do mi e favour]	Would you assist me?

Other English topics: Dialogues in English for beginners

Conversation and understanding

Do you understand me?		[doo yu andestend mi]	Do you understand me?
Yes		[yes]	Yes
no		[know]	No
What do you mean?		[wat du yu min]	What do you have in mind?
Speak slower, please.		[speak slow, pliz]	Please talk slower.
Speak louder, please.		[speak laude, pliz]	Please speak louder.
Write it down, please.		[right it down plz]	Write please.
I think you misunderstood me.		[ay sink yu misandestud mi]	I think you misunderstood me.
Please, say it again.		[please sei it egen]	Please say it again.
Please accept my apologies.		[plz express my epology]	Please accept my apologies.
Sorry for…	[ˈsɒri fə(r)]	[sorry fore]	I apologize for...
I run your sorry…		[ay bag yo paadn]	May I contact you?
It's all right.	[ɪts ɔːl raɪt]	[its ol wright]	Everything is fine!
You are welcome!		[yar welcome]	Please.
No harm done.		[but haam dan]	Not worth an apology.
Could you…		[where yu ...]	Could you… show
May I ask you?		[mei ai ask yu]	Can I ask you?
Do you like….?		[doo yu like]	You like…?
I don't like it.		[ay dont like it]	I do not like it.
I prefer...		[wow]	I prefer…
Would you please give me…?		[wood yu pliz give me]	Could you give me...?
Do you mind...?		[doo yu mind]	Do not you mind?
I don't mind...		[ay dont mind]	I don't mind…
I forbid you to…		[ah phobid yu tu]	I forbid you...
By no means!		[buy know minz]	In no case!
May I invite you to…		[mei ai invite yu tu]	May I invite you...
Let's go to...		[let's go to]	Let's go to….
With pleasure!		[wiz play]	With pleasure!
Unfortunately, I can't…	[ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli aɪ kænt]	[anfochenatli ai cant]	Unfortunately I can not

Notation

Entrance		[entrance]	Entrance
exit	[ˈeksɪt]	[exit]	Exit
Pull		[pool]	To myself
Push		[push]	Push
open	[ˈəʊpən]	[open]	Open
closed		[cloud]	Closed
Caution	[ˈkɔː.ʃən]	[koshen]	Carefully
Do not enter		[doo note inter]	Do not enter
Do not disturb		[doo note distöb]	Do not disturb
Wet paint		[wet paint]	painted
Keep the grass		[kip of the gras]	Walking on the lawn is prohibited
no admission		[know administration]	Entrance denied
No parking		[know packing]	No Parking
no smoking		[know tuxedo]	No smoking
Beware of cars		[bive of kaa(r)]	watch out for the car
Chemist's		[camist]	Pharmacy
Grocery store	[ˈɡrəʊsəri stɔː(r)]	[growsary stoo(r)]	Grocery store
bakery		[bakery]	Bakery
car hire		[kaa haie]	Car rental
currency exchange	[ˈkʌr(ə)nsi ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ]	[carensi xchange]	Currency exchange
First aid		[first aid]	Ambulance
on sale	[ɒn seɪl]	[he sale]	Available for sale
sold out		[soul out]	Sales
Reserved		[risevd]	booked
smoking area	[ˈsməʊkɪŋ ​​eəriə]	[smoking area]	Smoking area
Taken	[ˈteɪ.kən]	[taken]	Busy
Staff only		[staff only]	Staff only

Important Verbs

do		[du]	do, engage
write		[right]	write
watch		[watch]	look
see		[si]	see
go	[ɡəʊ]	[go]	go, go
buy		[by]	buy
pay		[pei]	to pay
cost		[cost]	cost
drive		[drive]	drive a car
know		[know]	know
say		[sai]	speak
speak		[speak]	speak (language)
lose		[loose]	lose, lose
look for		[bow pho]	search
open	[ˈəʊpən]	[open]	open
close		[close]	close
stay		[stay]	stay (stay)
keep		[kip]	keep, store
want		[want]	want
visit	[ˈvɪzɪt]	[visit]	visit
drink		[drink]	drink
eat		[it]	There is
need		[nid]	need
can	[ən]	[ken]	be able, be able

Commonly used adjectives

good	[ɡʊd]	[buzz]	good
bad		[bad]	bad
black		[black]	black
white		[white]	white
gold	[ɡəʊld]	[gold]	gold
red		[red]	red
blue		[blue]	blue
green	[ɡriːn]	[green]	green
expensive	[ɪkˈspensɪv]	[expensive]	Expensive
cheap		[chip]	cheap
comfortable	[ˈkʌmftəbl]	[camftable]	comfortable
private	[‘praɪvət]	[private]	private
tourism		[touristic]	tourist
beautiful	[ˈbjuːtɪfl]	[beautiful]	Beautiful
big		[big]	big
small		[tar]	small
short	[ʃɔːt]	[shot]	short
long		[long]	long
cold		[cold]	cold
warm		[woom]	warm
hot		[hot]	hot
old	[əʊld]	[old]	old
new		[new]	new
young		[young]	young
interesting	[ˈɪntrəstɪŋ]	[Interesting]	interesting
fine		[fine]	beautiful
wonderful	[ˈwʌndəfl]	[wandeful]	wonderful

Popular adverbs

left		[left]	left
right		[right]	on right
more		[moor]	more
less		[les]	less
a little		[a little]	A little
well		[wel]	Fine
badly	[ˈbaedli]	[badley]	Badly
late		[late]	late
early	[ˈɜːli]	[yoli]	early
already	[ɔːlˈredi]	[already]	already
also	[ˈɔːlsəʊ]	[olsou]	Also
often	[ɒfn]	[off]	often
probably		[probeble]	Maybe
everywhere		[evryuer]	everywhere
soon		[song]	soon

This set of phrases will be enough for you to master the first skills of communicating with foreigners. But, finally, I would like to remind you once again that the pronunciation of English words written in Russian letters does not convey the features of English phonetics! Therefore, as soon as you get used to English speech a little, take up the rules of reading and English articulation. Only they can give you a truly British pronunciation.

We continue our lessons for learning to read in English. On the plate on the left, green arrows indicate the sounds that we have already passed. Since we have studied almost all consonants, in this lesson we will repeat 8 studied vowel sounds to consolidate their pronunciation. Of the consonant sounds, only 4 remained. Sounds [ r] And [ w] we go through in this lesson, and the sounds [j] and [ŋ] in the next. So, let's begin!

From Lesson 14 you will learn:

• how to read english consonants Rr And www;
• how to read letters wr, wh, rh, er/or,

Let's start with the pronunciation of sounds, and then move on to reading letter combinations.

So the letter www denotes a sound [w]. Letter Rr denotes a sound [r]. Both sounds are quite complex, because there are no similar sounds in Russian.

mouth exercise, which will help you learn how to pronounce the English sound [w]: pull your lips into a tube, as if you want to blow out a candle, and then sharply push the corners of your mouth to the sides, as if in a smile. And so many times: a tube - a smile, a tube - a smile, a tube - a smile ...

Pronunciation of the English sound [w]. Now that your mouth is prepared, let's start pronouncing the sound. For a moment, pull your lips into a tube, as if you want to make the sound "y", and when you start to say "y", immediately smile sharply. You get a sound, a bit like "v".

Actually the sound [w] very often the letters "u" and "v" are transmitted in Russian. Even in official sources, the name William is sometimes spelled William, sometimes William. Because there is NO such sound in Russian.

If you still do not quite understand how to pronounce the English sound [w] correctly, then pronounce it like a short "y", but in no case, like "v".

Once again, note that when you pronounce "y" your lips are rounded and do NOT touch the teeth, the same position of the lips must be observed when pronouncing the sound [w].

When pronouncing the sound "v", the upper teeth touch the lower lip. This should not be!

How to pronounce the English sound [r] correctly?

Let me tell you, this is a very complex sound. At least it was for me.

What you need to do to pronounce an English sound [r] right and How does English [r] differ from Russian "r"?

• When making a sound [r] can come from the sound [ʒ], which you already know how to pronounce. Only the tip of the tongue needs to be bent even further back ringlet.
• Tip of the tongue when making a sound [r] located in the back of the upper palate, the tongue does not shake. It looks like a burry "r" sound.
• When pronouncing the Russian sound “r”, the tongue shakes at the upper teeth: “pppp-pp-p ...”

Hear how sounds [w] and [r] are pronounced correctly —

Reading letter combinations with sound R: wr, rh, er / or

2. Letter combinations er, or at the end of the word are read as [ə] : sister, doctor, etc.

3. wr, rh reads like [r]: wr ist - wrist, rh ythm [‘rɪð(ə)m], as well as in such common words that we still cannot read: wr ite (write), wr ong (wrong)

Reading letter combinations with the sound W: wh

1. wh reads like [w]: wh at - What, as well as in such common words that we still cannot read: wh y (why), wh ite (white), wh ile (while).

Exception. wh before o reads like [h]: wh o (who), wh ose (whose)

2. At the end of a word w unreadable: slo w

Phonetic exercises for practicing sounds [w] and [r] with audio recording (closed content)

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Phrases with sounds [w] and [r] for working out during the week:

1. What? - What?
2. When? - When?
3. Very well. - Very good.
4. The weather is terrible. — The weather is terrible.
5. We will see. - We will think about it.
6. What did she see? What did she see?
7. He is sorry. - He's sorry.
8. We are ready. - We are ready.
9. Get well! - Get better!
10. Keep in touch. - We'll be in touch.

English is the business slang of everything modern world. Businessmen and entrepreneurs speak English. In addition, any information is easiest to find in this language. So its importance cannot be underestimated.

To communicate, you need to understand the principles of pronunciation, phonetics of the language. If for reading or writing, this is not so important, then oral communication depends on how you pronounce the words. A light accent, it’s even interesting, but if you can’t understand the meaning of the speech, there is no point in such a conversation.

English alphabet

If your native Russian has thirty-one letters, of which ten are vowels and twenty-one are consonants, then the situation is different with English. There are the same number of consonants, and here they are: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z. There are only five vowels - a, e, i, o, u.

• English is not a homogeneous substance, but many different dialects - about two dozen. The alphabet does not change from this, but the pronunciation can be greatly distorted. Don't try to fake the accent of the former British colony, just speak as you are used to. Usually American English with a slight accent is sufficient for conversation.
• By the way, it is the American dialect that is the easiest to learn.. Grammar and phonetic rules are simplified to the limit.
• If you come across the sentence: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", do not try to understand the meaning. This is a test phrase for testing fonts - no wonder, because it contains every letter of the English alphabet.
• You do not need to learn a lot of words to communicate normally - the main thing is to know the basic social markers. Like action verbs, nouns and pronouns, as well as numerals and a number of adjectives. All the same, it will not be possible to learn the language completely - after all, every hour and a half a new word enters the slang of English speakers.

How to pronounce the alphabet correctly

Some points in English can cause inconvenience to an unprepared person.

This is due to the fact that you need to pronounce the sound without pronouncing it - the wording is rather strange, but it all works that way. For example, such a popular word as airplane is airplane.

For Russian-speakers, it will be pronounced like this [eyaplane], with almost no sound [a]. Or, the name of the famous band "Thirty Seconds to Mars" - two words are interesting here at once. The first will be dealt with a little later, since it also affects another problem, but the second, Mars, will be pronounced like [Ma:s].

Thirty, on the other hand, addresses the problem - the sound [ θ ], which occurs when combined in a wordth - it will be pronounced to an elongated [c]. That is, you will say the word indicated earlier as [Syooti], moreover, the double [o] will mean and [r].

Vowels and their pronunciation

Letter	Transcription	Russian pronunciation
A/a		Hey
		And
		ah
	[əu]	OU
		Yu

Consonants and their pronunciation

Letter	Transcription	Russian pronunciation
B/ b	[bi:]	bi
C/ c		si
D/ d		di
F/ f		ef
		ji
H/ h		h
		jay
		kay
		email
		Em
		en
		pi
		cue
R/r	[α:]	ah (pronounced with a voiceless ar How through the nose)
S/s		es
		ti
		in and
	[΄dΛblju:]	double
		the ex
		wai
		zed

It seemed like an impenetrable jungle with 26 dangerous predators hiding in the wilds. However, now you will probably easily name and arrange all the letters in the correct order, and even flash a few facts that are far from known to every philologist.

After reading this article, the topic of English transcription and pronunciation will be transferred from the room of fear to the room of laughter. Today's program:

Getting rid of the fear of reading and the study of graphic symbols
. acquaintance, memorization and memorization of diphthongs, vowels and consonants (classification of sounds), arranged in unique tables
. pause for downloading and printing English transcriptions in pictures
. clear and concise explanation of usage English sounds by comparing them with Russian relatives
. consolidation of the material covered with a 10-minute video about English transcription

Are you still afraid? Then we are coming to you!

Graphic symbols of transcription in English

Before you plunge into the pool English reading with your head, we strongly recommend that you heed the advice of experienced divers. Naturally, the child learns to sit first, and then to walk, and not vice versa - the same thing will happen to us: first learn to read the transcription, and then pronounce it (in the head or out loud). You should not get carried away only by reading, otherwise you risk digging into the jungle of theory and breaking away from practice.

First you need to learn and clarify all the questions regarding each transcription symbol. Then listen online as many examples as needed for a clear and precise idea of ​​how this symbol sounds in live speech. Learn strictly from examples of sounds not taken out of context (like Rian's "uh-uh" in the hit "Umbrella"), but in a specific combination of letters found in words. Then, first listen to each new word and only then check what you catch with your ears with the alphabetic dictionary transcription enclosed in square brackets. By the way, about them and other essential companions of transcription:

Square brackets. They signal that inside is exactly transcription.
For example, English is a word, and ["ɪŋglɪʃ] is its transcription;

‘ - main emphasis. Placed BEFORE the stressed vowel: around [əˈraʊnd];

, - secondary accent. Placed BEFORE the vowel: ["hæmˌbɜːgə];

: - vowel length.

The proposed option will seem at first glance not the fastest, but the wise one will not go uphill - the wise one will bypass the mountain. As a result, the time spent is converted into the comfort of speech perception: you no longer need to painfully strain your ears, trying to recognize unfamiliar sounds. And soon unfamiliar "squiggles" will acquire a meaningful sound. Isn't it magical? This is the secret of not only the correct pronunciation, but also the ease of listening to speech.

Foundation of English transcription

Since “it’s great that we are all here today” about the study of transcription, let's get to know it better. There are two types of transcription: phonetic and phonemic. You are mistaken if you think that you have taught/will learn phonetic transcription to a more familiar ear. She, as a rule, is of interest to serious uncles and aunts of linguists, our choice is the study of phonemes (sound language units). Simply put, if two sounds are very similar, but the difference between them can change the meaning of the word, then they form two different phonemes. In Russian, this is not so noticeable, because if you call a cat at least “cat”, even “koooooot”, he will still come, but the meaning of the word will not change. One phoneme for two different sounds. IN English number will not work: "cot", "caught" and "coat" contain different phonemes. Why so many "smart letters"? In addition to the fact that dictionaries contain phonemic transcriptions, remember this and do not let yourself be confused:

Pope(dad, papal):
1) is a phonetic transcription, it is emphasized here that the first [p], unlike the second, is pronounced with aspiration (aspiration after consonants sounds p,t,k before vowels)
2) is a dictionary (phonemic) transcription.

What else do you need to know about transcription? That there is a different syllable in it:

- open(there is no consonant after the vowel) - New
- closed(after the vowel there is a consonant) - York

- vowel: single - [e], diphthong - [ɔʊ], triphthong - [ɑiə]
- consonant:[d]

English vowel sounds (with online pronunciation)

There are fewer vowels in English than consonants, but more than diphthongs. This picture clearly shows the difference, for example, between the sounds [I] and. Anyone who has even heard of the existence of the imagination will distinguish between the words "fish" and "tree", which, like rebuses, contain the sounds mentioned. You can reread the rules as much as you like, or you can study the transcription in pictures in detail once, which visualizes examples of the use of sounds. For memory training, you can download and even print a picture, this option is provided. For audials, it is possible to hear every sound online in a word after clicking on the speaker icon.

English consonants

Consonant sounds in English are not twin brothers in Russian at all. The articulation of their creation is seriously different. However, we are here not to intimidate with smart words, but rather to make life easier for beginners in English, so we painted the voiced consonants in purple, and the deaf ones in blue. When forming the same plural of nouns, it is very important to feel and know the difference. 24 new words serve as a bonus to the learned sounds. We train visual memory and save English transcription in pictures for re-use when needed! Audials still click on the speaker icon under each letter to pronounce sounds in online transcription.

Diphthongs (double vowels) of English

And it would be scary from the presence of 8 diphthongs in English, if not for the wonderful pictures, thanks to which the study turns into an entertaining charade. It is enough to look at the picture, hold your eyes, voice the diphthong by pressing the speaker icon under the letter and practice correct pronunciation. Anyone who appreciates the creative approach to business is allowed to download a picture for a long memory!

From theory to practice
Some time will pass, the dictionary will be covered with a thick layer of dust or removed from the bookmarks (in the electronic version), because the translation of the necessary words is known, the sound is familiar - what other America can you discover there? Do not believe it, it is precisely the clarification of the transcription of what seems to you well-known words that is the very unplowed field that is worth crossing in order to improve the sound of speech.

Let's give an everyday example: the frequently used word "real" has a phonemic transcription a), b) or c)?
The first option is fictional and erroneous, the second and third are British and American pronunciations. What is the moral of this fable?

So that you are not painfully ashamed of your reading, we recommend that you at least briefly familiarize yourself with these tables as follows:
- read the line from left to right;
- listen to the perfect pronunciation of the sound;
- we take a mirror in our hand and train hard (you will surely like to train [æ] or [ð]).

Table of English sounds similar to Russian
These sounds in English transcription do not have to be explained on the fingers.

Sound	Example	Explanations
[ɑː]	car, far, garage	Sounds like a long "ahh". Remember the cartoon about Mowgli, where was the wise Kaa?
[ʌ]	up, but, love	Short sonorous "a". Something similar in Russian "ai".
[ɔː]	more, board, floor	Sounds like a long "oo". Imagine surprise.
[b]	book, board, tab	Russian energetic "b". When you are walking down the hallway in the dark and suddenly you stumble
[g]	green, grace, agree	Russian "g", but not as energetic.
[f]	forest, atmosphere, enough	Very energetic Russian "f".
[k]	kill, cord, school	Russian "k". Before a stressed vowel, it is pronounced aspirated (if you put your hand in front of your lips and say "keel", then your palm should feel your fresh breath)
[m]	mother, lamb	Russian "m".
[n]	nine, note, intrusion	Russian "n".
[p]	pub, gallop, open	Russian energetic "p". Before a stressed vowel - with aspiration.
[v]	vest, vocal, give	Russian "in".

Now let's look at some tricky examples in practice:

subtle - hardly distinguishable
"Sutl" and only like that, no "subtle" with a drum "b" in the middle.

palm - palm
Naturally, everyone wants to be under a palm tree, but here it does not smell like it. Not “palm”, not “by:lm”, but “pa:m”, as in “car” and “path”. In company with a palm turn out to be calm- "calm" and balm- "balm".

halt - stop
Drive away the analogy with the German "halt" - the correct pronunciation is "ho: lt".

won - won, won in the past from "win"
Wonderful if you pronounce "won" like "one" - .

of - preposition of belonging
Only a botanist would think of checking the sound of a two-letter word? Oh well. "Of" and no nails? Remember: "Of" is pronounced with "v" at the end. The full form is [ɔv], the reduced form is [əv]. Always.

Table of English sounds that have something in common with Russian
These sounds cause the greatest temptation and at the same time danger: the relative similarity with the usual pronunciation in Russian threatens with an absolutely wrong sound. Pay enough attention and understand the differences well.

Sound	Example	Explanations
[i]	fit, bit, symbol	The middle between "s" and "i". Pronounced very briefly, as at the end of "apchi".
	cheese, tree, sea	What photographers ask us to say on camera. As in the Russian word "syyyr", but with a touching smile.
[ɒ]	hot body rock	Average between "o" and "a". That is, by no means the Vologda “o”.
[u]	cook, foot, woman	It looks like a Russian short "u", but it is easier to pronounce and the lips are slightly stretched. It turns out like "y" with a half smile. No pouty lips.
	true fool shoes	Like the previous sound, but longer.
[e]	get, bed, head	Intelligent "e". As in the Russian word "tin".
[ə]	about, until, alias	Average between unstressed "e" and "a".
[l]	let, laughter, illegal	Softened Russian "l". Something between the sound of the word "la" and "la".
[s]	stress, sunday, citizen	Muted Russian "s". He never whistles. Remember the song "Girl" by the Beatles? Now, if their famous inhalation “sssss” is pronounced with an exhalation and briefly, then you get beautiful English [s].
[z]	zero, cosmonaut, xenon	Everything is the same as about the sound [s], only loudly.
[t]	tree, trunk, receipt	Looks like Russian "t". But the tip of the tongue should not be put to the teeth, but to the tubercle behind the upper teeth.
[d]	drink, ad, diligent	Similarly: like the Russian "d", only the tip of the tongue rests on the tubercle immediately behind the upper teeth.
[ʃ]	ship, action, special	Between the Russian "sh" and "sh". Does not whistle, because the tongue does not rest with force on the teeth, but gently touches them.
[ʒ]	pleasure, visual, garage	Softened Russian "zh". Doesn't ring or whistle.
	jump, jungle, logic	We connect English [d] with [ ʒ ] and get a soft "J".
	inch, chance, catch	We connect English [t] with [ ʃ ] and get something similar to the Russian "h". As in the word "kitsch".
[j]	yes, yet, you	Average between "y" and "i".
[ɪə]	hear, fear, beer	It looks like the Russian "ie" with an accent on "i".
	air, hair, care	Russian "ea" with an accent on "e".
	make, tray, ace	Russian "ei" with an accent on "e". "I" is pronounced very short.
	hi, sky, bye	Russian "ai" with an accent on "a". "I" is pronounced very short.
[ɔɪ]	boy, joy, coin	Russian "oi" with an accent on "a". "I" is pronounced very short.
	how, cow, hour, our	Russian "au" with an accent on "a". "U" is pronounced very short.
	fire, wire	Russian "aye" with a strong accent on the first "a". Pronounced quickly and fluently.
	our flower	Russian "aua" with a strong accent on the first "a". Pronounced quickly and fluently.

were - were
"Were" is not the same as "where" - . Instead of a diphthong, we use a neutral vowel - , an abbreviated form -.

debt - debt and doubt - doubt
Fans of the group "No doubt" had more than a dozen years left to clarify how the name of their favorite group sounds right. "Debt" and "daubt" are not so easy to pronounce. In English, there is no such Russian-speaking phenomenon as stunning or voicing a consonant, but throw away their words for a sweet soul: it is pronounced and.

good - good, book - book and look - look
The double "o" does not become a long "y" in these words. Therefore, you should not copy the howl of wolves to the moon - speak correctly with a short vowel -,,.

Table of English sounds that have nothing to do with Russian
Practice well in pronouncing these sounds online, at least your speech apparatus should get used to playing them correctly.

Sound	Example	Explanations
[ɜː]	earn, her, first	If the Russian "o" wanted to become "ё", it would sound exactly like that. Something like the sound when children tease by sticking out their tongue. But you need to achieve this sound without protruding anything anywhere. To do this, silently prepare your mouth to pronounce "yo", and say "oo" out loud.
[əu]	go, joke, own	Between the Russian "ou" and "yo" (without "y") with an emphasis on the first sound. "U" is pronounced very short.
[æ]	cat, apple, compact	It is very important not to confuse this sound with [e], otherwise instead of “bad” (bad) you get “bed” (bed). You need to stretch your lips wide, lower your lower jaw and say “uh” from the heart.
[h]	hot, head, uphill	Every Russian man knows how to pronounce this sound. When they ask you to “come on, breathe,” then all the men begin to speak English, because they pronounce [h] exactly as they should: a slight exhalation, vaguely resembling an “x”.
[r]	red, random, orange	Russian bears are fluent in English [r]. Try to growl, bending your tongue up.
[w]	well, what, windows	Fold your lips into a tube and stretch sharply. And now the same thing, but with sound.
[ŋ]	strong, sing, sink	Children are scolded for talking with their mouths full. But if you listen to the sounds made, then there many consonants sound exactly like [ŋ] . Open your mouth and, without closing it, say "n".
[θ]	thanks, ethical	Stick your tongue between your teeth and say "s".
[ð]	they, there, others	Stick your tongue between your teeth and say "h". The best practice is to say "Is this" 100 times. Never later confuse "z" with [ð].

folk - people, folk
The letter "l" has become a victim and is not pronounced at all -.

comb - comb
No "comb" - only "koum". The English "m" and "b" are quite insidious guys who will mess things up more than once. Be alert!

won't - will not - short for "will not"
Were tormented by the question of how the cunning English distinguish between "want" and "won't" in oral speech? It’s just worth pronouncing the negation in the future tense correctly -. That's all the magic.

salmon - salmon
Not "Salmon" and certainly not "Solomon". Salmon is on your mind - as in "cat" and "apple".

Bonus for the most patient

The human brain is the eighth wonder of the world, the deep possibilities of which we can only guess so far. Something important for us now is known for certain: there is a speech center in the brain. There is no special center responsible for reading, but there is for speech. That is why we strongly recommend repeating the words out loud for the hundredth time. It is out loud, and not to yourself, because in this case, muscle memory is also connected. Naturally, words can "live and sound" in your head. The main thing is not to get stuck and stop at the stage of deciphering the transcription symbols, choosing the necessary rule for each sound. In this case, only the speed of a snail is ensured.

If the language is still alive after previous exercises, then we bring to your attention a video that is better to see once than to hear about it 100 times. All phonetic transcription of English in 10 minutes. Clear, concise and very clear.

Transcription and reading rules in English are two closely related concepts. Reading rules explain how letters and letter combinations are pronounced in different cases, and with the help of transcription, we record and read speech sounds.

Reading rules can confuse a beginner. There are many, they are confusing, and there are more exceptions than the rules themselves. In fact, these rules are so terrible only if you deeply understand them and try to learn by heart along with exceptions. In fact, everything is much simpler: reading rules do not need to be memorized.

Pursuing English language, you will always be something, and soon you will learn to correlate letter designations and sounds without hesitation, automatically. Don't worry about exceptions either. Usually, the pronunciation, spelling, and meaning of a word are remembered as one whole - you just know that such and such a word is pronounced that way.

Feature of English phonetics: we write "Manchester" - we read "Liverpool"

The phonetics of the English language has a noticeable feature: words are often read differently than they are written, that is, it is not always possible to guess how it is pronounced from the spelling of a word. As linguists joke: “We write Manchester, but we read Liverpool.”

In the history of many languages, the following pattern can be traced: the phonetic structure becomes more complicated, while the letters and spelling remain the same or change with great delay. English is no exception. At the dawn of its development, words were read and pronounced more or less similarly, but over time this discrepancy became more and more, the situation was aggravated by the variety of dialects, and now we are in words though, thought And through read a combination of letters - ough completely different, although the words themselves differ by one letter.

No one is in a hurry to reform English spelling, there are many reasons for this. For example, the English language no longer has a single “control center”. Reforms initiated in London may be coolly received in Sydney and rejected in Washington. And in general, spelling reform is always a painful process, meeting resistance among a significant part of native speakers. Much easier to leave as is.

What is transcription and why is it needed?

Transcription in English is the recording of speech sounds using special characters. It should not be feared or avoided, because it is a very good assistant in learning the language, which will be great to save time and help avoid mistakes. One glance at the transcription of an English word is enough for you to understand how it is read correctly.

When you memorize or write out a new word that comes across in the text, you must definitely look at its transcription and / or listen to the pronunciation (for example, in), otherwise you may remember it incorrectly, and then you will not be understood.

Is it possible to write English words in Russian letters?

Sometimes on websites or even in books you can see “English transcription in Russian” or “pronunciation of English words in Russian letters” - that is, writing English words in Russian letters. Like, why learn tricky badges, if Can convey sounds in Russian letters? Then what it is forbidden. The phonetics of the Russian language differs from English phonetics so much that the sound can only be conveyed very, very approximately. We simply do not have some sounds of English speech, as well as vice versa.

Transcription and pronunciation of all sounds of the English language separately (video)

With the help of this interesting video table, you can listen to the sound of all sounds separately and see how they are recorded using transcription. Click on play and wait for the video to fully load, then click on the desired sound.

Please note that in transcription, in addition to the symbols themselves, denoting sounds, the following are used:

• Square brackets– traditionally transcription is always written in [square brackets]. For example: [z].
• Vowel length icon- in English, vowels can be long and short, longitude is indicated by a colon after the vowel. For example: .
• accent icon- if a word is transcribed in which there is more than one syllable, stress is indicated with an apostrophe (a comma at the top). It is placed before the stressed syllable. For example: – decision.

In total, 44 sounds are distinguished in English, which, like in Russian, are divided into consonants and vowels. Among them there are both sounds similar to Russian, for example: [b] - [b], [n] - [n], and sounds that have no analogues in Russian: [ ð ], [θ ].

In English phonetics, there are no such concepts as softness / hardness of consonants, but there is a longitude of vowels (not characteristic of the Russian language) - vowels can be short [a] and long. It should also be noted that vowel sounds in English can be:

• single (monophthongs): [ i: ], [ e ],
• consisting of two sounds (diphthogni): [ ai ], [ ɔi ],
• consisting of three sounds (triphthongs): [ aiə ].

Diphthongs and triphthongs are read and perceived as whole sounds.

Table of English sounds with examples and cards

Having studied how English sounds are pronounced separately, be sure to listen to how they are read whole words. It is often easier for students to understand and hear the pronunciation of English sounds when they sound as part of a word, and not separately.

In the tables below, all sounds are given with example words. With the help of electronic cards, you can listen to the pronunciation.

Consonants in English
[ f] fox	[ d] date	[ v] vase	[ k] cat
[ θ ]think	[ g] go	[ ð ] father	[ tʃ] change
[ s] say	[ dʒ] age	[ z]zoo	[ m] mom
[ ʃ ] ship	[ n] nose	[ ʒ ]pleasure	[ ŋ ]sing
[ h]hound	[ l]lazy	[ p]pen	[ r] red
[ b]bro	[ j] yes	[ t]today	[ w]wine

Vowel sounds in English
[ i:] he, she	[ ei] name	[ i] his, it	[ ai] line
[ e]ten	[ au]town	[ æ ]hat	[ ɔi] toy
[ a:] car	[ ou] go home	[ ɔ ]not	[ iə]here
[ ʌ ]nut	[ ɛə ] dare	[ u] good	[ uə]poor
[ u:] food	[ juə]Europe	[ ju:] tune	[ aiə]fire
[ ɜ: ] turn	[ auə]our	[ ə ] paper	[ ɔ: ] all

How to learn to pronounce English sounds?

There are two approaches:

1. Theoretical- textbooks usually have a detailed description of how to press the tongue against the palate in order to form a certain sound. With an illustration showing a cross section of a human head. The method is scientifically correct, but it is difficult to use it on your own: not everyone will understand what it means to “slide the upper teeth on the lower lip” and be able to perform this action.
2. Practical- listen, watch and repeat. I think it's much easier that way. You simply repeat after the speaker, trying to imitate the sound as closely as possible. Pay attention to articulation, try to repeat all the movements of the lips and tongue. Ideally, of course, someone should control, but you can just record yourself on a webcam and watch from the side.

If you want to repeat after the speaker, imitating his speech, I recommend using the materials on Puzzle English, namely the Video Puzzle exercises, which are aimed at developing listening comprehension. In video puzzles, you can slow down speech and, as in Lingvaleo, watch the translation of words by clicking on them directly in the subtitles.

In video puzzles, you first need to watch the video, and then collect sentences from words.

Detailed overview of this service:

In addition, for practical exercises by various kind people, a lot of videos have been shot, available on YouTube. For example, in these two videos, the sounds of English speech in American and British versions are analyzed in detail:

British pronunciation

American pronunciation

You should not, having started studying English, strive to achieve a “perfect” pronunciation. Firstly, there are a lot of varieties of pronunciation (the above are, as it were, “generalized” British and American variants), and secondly, even native speakers who speak professionally (for example, actors) often take lessons from special trainers in order to master the features of or another version of pronunciation - practicing speech is not an easy task.

Just try to speak in such a way that 1) it is clear, 2) it does not hurt your hearing too much.

Reading rules in English: table and cards

Reading rules in English are, rather, not even rules, but generalized recommendations that are not particularly accurate. Not only can, say, the letter “o” in different combinations and types of syllable be read in nine different ways, but there are also exceptions. For example, in the words food, too, it is read as, and in the words good, look - as [u]. There is no pattern here, you just need to remember it.

If you look in different books, it turns out that the rules of reading, and indeed phonetics, by different authors can be told in different ways with varying degrees of immersion in details. I think that it makes no sense to delve into the wilds of phonetic science (you can dive there indefinitely), but the easiest way is to take as a basis the most simplified version of the reading rules, that is English reading rules for children.

For this article, I took as a basis the rules given in the textbook “English. 1 - 4 classes in diagrams and tables "N. Vakulenko. Believe me, this is more than enough for both children and adults!

What is open and closed syllable?

In English, an open syllable and a closed one are distinguished, it also matters whether it ends with the letter “r” and whether it is stressed.

A syllable is called open if:

• a syllable ends in a vowel and is the last in a word,
• a vowel is followed by another vowel
• a vowel is followed by a consonant followed by one or more vowels.

The syllable is closed if:

• it is the last in the word, while ending in a consonant,
• after a vowel there are two or more consonants.

In these cards and the table below you can see how different letters are pronounced in different combinations and types of syllable.

Reading Rules
Reading the letter "A"
A - in an open syllable	name, face, cake
A [æ] - in a closed syllable	hat, cat, man
A - in a closed syllable on r	far, car, park
A [εə] - at the end of the word vowel + re	dare, care, stare
A [ɔ:] - combinations all, au	all, wall, fall, autumn
Reading the letter "O"
O [əu] - in an open syllable	no, go, home
O [ɒ] - in a closed stressed syllable	not, box, hot
O [ɜ:] - in some words with “wor”	world, word
O [ɔ:] - in a closed syllable on r	form, fork, horse, door, floor
O - in combination "oo"	too, food
O [u] - in combination “oo”	book, look, good
O - in combination "ow"	town, down
O [ɔɪ] - in combination “oy”	toy boy enjoy
O [ʊə] - in combination “oo”	poor
Reading the letter "U"
U, - in an open syllable	pupil, blue, student
U [ʌ] - in a closed syllable	nut, bus, cup
U [u] - in a closed syllable	put, full
U [ɜ:] - in combination “ur”	turn, hurt, burn
Reading the letter "E"
E - in an open syllable, a combination of "ee", "ea"	he, she, see, street, meat, sea
E [e] - in a closed syllable, combination “ea”	hen, ten, bed, head, bread
E [ɜ:] - in combinations “er”, “ear”	her, heard
E [ɪə] - in combinations “ear”	hear, near
Reading the letter "I"
i - in an open syllable	five, line, night, light
i [ɪ] - in a closed syllable	his, it, pig
i [ɜ:] – combined with “ir”	first, girl, bird
i – combined with “ire”	fire, tired
Reading the letter "Y"
Y - at the end of a word	try, my, cry
Y [ɪ] - at the end of a word	family, happy, lucky
Y [j] - at the beginning or middle of a word	yes, year, yellow
Reading the letter "C"
C [s] - before i, e, y	pencil, bicycle
C [k] - except for combinations ch, tch and not before i, e, y	cat, come
C - in combinations ch, tch	chair, change, match, catch
Reading the letter "S"
S [s] - except: at the end of words after ch. and voiced accord.	say, books, six
S [z] - at the end of words after ch. and voiced accord.	days, beds
S [ʃ] - combined with sh	shop, ship
Reading the letter "T"
T [t] - except for combinations of th	ten, teacher, today
T [ð] - in combination th	then, mother, there
T [θ] - in combination th	thin, sixth, thick
Reading the letter "P"
P [p] - except for the combination ph	pen, penalty, powder
P [f] - in combination ph	photo
Reading the letter "G"
G [g] - except for combinations ng, not before e, i, y	go, big, dog
G - before e, i, y	age, engineer
G [ŋ] - in combination ng at the end of the word	sing, bring, king
G [ŋg] - combined ng in the middle of a word	strongest

The most important reading rules

The table above looks very busy, intimidating even. Among them are some of the most important rules, which have almost no exceptions.

Basic rules for reading consonants

• The combination ph reads like [f]: photo, Morpheus.
• The combination th reads like [ð] or [θ]: think there. These sounds are not in Russian, their pronunciation requires some training. Do not confuse them with the sounds [s], [z].
• The combination ng at the end of the word reads like [ŋ] - this is a nasal (that is, pronounced as if in the nose) version of the sound [n]. A common mistake is to read it as . There is no “g” in this sound. Examples: strong, King Kong, wrong.
• The sh combination reads like [ʃ]: ship, show, shop.
• The letter “c” before i, e, y reads like [s]: celebrity, cent, pencil.
• The letter “g” before i, e, y reads: age, magic, gym.
• The combination ch reads like: match, catch.

Basic rules for reading vowels

• In an open stressed syllable, vowels are usually read as in: no, go, name, face, pupil, he, five. It can be monophthongs and diphthongs.
• In a closed syllable, vowels are read as short monophthongs: nut, got, ten.

How to remember the rules of reading?

Most people who are fluent in English as a foreign language will not be able to immediately name even a few basic reading rules. Rules readings do not need to be memorized, they need to be able to use. But how can you use what you do not know? How else can you! Through frequent practice, knowledge turns into skills and actions begin to be performed automatically, unconsciously.

In order for the reading rules to quickly reach the automatic stage, I recommend:

• To study the rules themselves - read, comprehend, speak out loud the examples.
• Practice reading aloud - will help develop pronunciation skills, at the same time, the rules of reading will be fixed. Take text with audio, video with subtitles, so that you have something to compare.
• Do small written work - writing practice is good for development vocabulary, to consolidate knowledge of grammar and, of course, to improve spelling.

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