The end of school is marked for many graduates by the beginning of a new stage in life - admission to the future of the child largely depends on the choice of an educational institution, and therefore it must be done consciously. And the first thing you should pay attention to is not the reviews or the reputation of the university, but the compliance of the chosen direction of training with the profile of the institution.
The direction of training at the university - what is it?
Surprisingly, when determining the place of receipt higher education, it is important to focus on professional programs. The profile of the institution determines the presence of certain disciplines in accordance with the requirements. Before applying for admission to the selected university, you must first familiarize yourself with its educational program.
So, what does the direction of preparation mean? To implement the fundamental curricula The Russian Ministry of Education and Science approved the standards, so each level of higher education today has its own GEF. Accordingly, it is unacceptable to conduct undergraduate or specialist studies according to the standards of graduate or postgraduate studies. Thus, our country guarantees the functionality of the created system of professional personnel of various profiles and specializations, which the national economy and the business sector need.
The relationship of GEF and specialties
Each Federal State Educational Standard provides for dozens of integrated areas of training, which, in turn, include several specialties. For example, 11.00.00 "Electronics, communication systems and radio engineering" is a basic enlarged area with specialties:
- 11.03.01 "Radio engineering".
- 11.03.02 Nanoelectronics.
- 11.03.03 "Design of electronic means".
- 03/11/04 "Communication and infocommunication systems".
Profiles of directions and specializations at universities
Next, we should name the division into profiles according to the direction of education, provided for by federal standards. At the same time, everyone has the right to create unique education profiles in the appropriate order and approve them in the Ministry.
For example, specialty profiles 01.03.04 "Applied Mathematics" can be offered at the university as follows:
- Provision of mathematical and algorithmic systems and information technologies.
- Mathematical technique in information technologies.
- Applied informatics in chemistry.
- Modeling and mathematical methods in economics.
- Provision of artificial intelligent systems and programming.
How does a profile differ from directions and specialties?
As already mentioned, the choice of the direction of training and specialty must be approached responsibly. Despite the common blocks of fundamental disciplines included in the educational program of profiles of a particular specialization, each of them has unique subjects that take into account the specifics of the graduate's profession in the future. That is why, getting acquainted with the list of areas of study, applicants should know that all of them can include dozens of profiles. For clarity, as an example, consider the specialty "Construction", which suggests options for professions in the areas of construction that have nothing in common with each other:
- "Construction of hydraulic structures".
- "Construction of industrial buildings".
- "Construction of hydroelectric power plants and pumping stations."
- "Urban construction and economy".
- Real Estate Expertise and Management.
- "Laying highways and construction of airfields.
- "Ventilation and engineering systems".
- "Construction and computer modeling".
How to choose the right future profession?
Thus, it is necessary to get acquainted with the educational program long before submitting documents to the university. After all, having received an idea of the professional block of disciplines curriculum, it is easy to guess what profession the graduate of the institution will become the owner of.
At this stage, it is important not to make a mistake with the direction of training and profile, respectively. Often illegible applicants are often confused by the fact that the specialties have almost identical names, despite the cardinal differences in the blocks of professional disciplines. As a result, students acquire knowledge that does not correspond to their initial aspirations and plans, which means that upon leaving the university they receive unequal opportunities for successful career growth.
Where can I find information about profiles and specialties in an educational institution?
A list of areas of study and specialties can be found on the official website of almost any university, but it is unlikely that you will be able to quickly find profiles and corresponding educational programs. The thing is that the statutory documents of institutions are required to publish data on quotas for budgetary and contract places in a particular specialty. The university may not detail the professional programs related to each direction. At the same time, most educational institutions with a transparent reputation do not hide the profiles of education and indicate them in the "Admission Committee" section.
This information may be contained in another section of the site. Often information about profiles is present in the description of the university itself, its structure. But if the list of areas of training and specialties of higher professional education is open and accessible to every visitor to the site, then information about profiles is often deliberately hidden from applicants. The reason for this may be the unpopularity and lack of demand for a certain educational program in comparison with a specialty that sounds more prestigious and attractive to applicants. Such an unscrupulous step is undoubtedly beneficial to the university.
The main differences between the specialty and the profile direction
By the way, in the context of the above, it is worth noting that most applicants do not see fundamental differences in the concepts of "direction" and the actual "specialty". In fact, these two terms do not have much in common. The main difference lies in the difference in training periods. In accordance with the knowledge in the areas, bachelors and masters receive four and two years, respectively. Here, rather, we are talking about a form of education that meets European standards and provides students with the widest range of opportunities for building a personal learning plan. Thus, by the time they graduate from undergraduate studies, students become holders of diplomas of higher education, which allows them to officially find a job.
But for those graduates who would like to continue their studies to improve their qualifications or change their professional direction, there is a master's program. Upon completion, a graduate can become the owner of two professions and two diplomas of higher education.
How not to make a mistake when applying for a particular specialty?
When choosing a specialization and profile, only attentiveness and caution will save the applicant from making a mistake. Unscrupulous educational institutions, in order to increase income, sometimes include profiles in the list of professional programs that do not correspond to their general specialization.
The most common and profitable from the point of view of the commercial system for the provision of educational services are the profiles "Design", "Economics", "Management", "Jurisprudence", and therefore, when entering a university for which these specialties are not core, one should not lose vigilance and be on your guard - it is likely that this educational organization sets itself the goal of improving its financial situation.
As a rule, universities that train technologists or biologists, builders and engineers do not enroll students in fundamentally different areas of study from the basic ones.
The main signs that the direction does not correspond to the profile of the university
Of course, there are exceptions to all rules, but in order not to fall for deception, it is advisable to conduct a serious analysis of the establishment before submitting documents. Particular attention should be paid to the following points:
- there are no budget places on the selected profile;
- the number of contract places significantly prevails over other specializations;
- a completely unique profile name that is not found in other universities (this can, of course, be a sign of a unique training program at a specialized university, but it can also have another goal - to replace ordinary content with an unusual name in order to stand out from the background).
For the most part, higher educational establishments have a balance of contract and free places for a particular specialty. Demanded universities have more budget places for students rather than paid ones. The predominance of contract places for programs over free ones is a reason for additional collection of information on the quality of educational services provided in this organization.
How important is the right choice of professional direction and specialty?
Having familiarized yourself with the list of specialties and areas of higher education, remember that the university is not only a place of study for students. Each university can be called a place of accumulation of knowledge, the development of a scientific school and the formation of new ideas about scientific and technological progress, culture and art. However, it is impossible to concentrate forces in all directions at the same time.
The activities of institutes, academies and universities, proven over decades, are based on their core profile. When deciding to enter a non-core educational institution, a potential student is at serious risk of receiving an insufficiently high level of education. The right choice of a professional program and specialty is a chance to make your dream come true and become what you have wanted since your school days.
- Annex N 1. List of areas of higher education training - bachelor's degree Annex N 2. List of areas of higher education training - master's programs - teaching staff in graduate school Appendix N 5. List of areas of training of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel in postgraduate programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel Appendix N 6. List of specialties of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel in residency programs Appendix N 7. List of specialties higher education - training of highly qualified personnel for assistantship-internship programs
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of September 12, 2013 N 1061
"On approval of the lists of specialties and areas of higher education training"
With changes and additions from:
January 29, August 20, October 13, 2014, March 25, October 1, 2015, December 1, 2016, April 10, 11, 2017, March 23, 2018
a list of areas of training for higher education - magistracy (Appendix No. 2);
list of specialties of higher education - specialty (Appendix N 3);
a list of areas of training for higher education - training of highly qualified personnel under the programs for training scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (Appendix No. 4);
a list of areas for the preparation of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel in postgraduate programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel (Appendix No. 5);
list of specialties of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel for residency programs (Appendix No. 6);
list of specialties of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel for assistantship-internship programs (Appendix No. 7).
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D.V. Livanov |
The lists of areas of training of higher education have been fixed: bachelor's, master's, training of highly qualified personnel for training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school and postgraduate studies.
Lists of specialties of higher education have been approved: specialty, training of highly qualified personnel for residency and assistantship-internship programs.
The lists approved in 2009 by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia can be applied until the completion of the training of persons previously accepted for the areas of training (specialty) indicated in them.
These are lists of areas of training (specialties) of higher vocational education, confirmed by the qualification (degree) "specialist", as well as "bachelor" and "master" being awarded to a person.
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of September 12, 2013 N 1061 "On approval of the lists of specialties and areas of higher education training"
This order comes into force when it is officially published.
This document has been modified by the following documents:
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 23, 2018 N 210
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 11, 2017 N 328
The changes come into force 10 days after the day of the official publication of the said order.
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 10, 2017 N 320
Changes take effect 10 days after the day
- Responsible for classifier support: Russian Ministry of Education and Science
- Reason: Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated 30.09.2003 No. 276-st 01.01.2004
- Approved: 06/15/2005
- Entered into force: 01.10.2005
| OKSO code | Name of specialty | Qualification | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Code | Name | ||
| 90000 | Information Security | ||
| 210000 | Electronic engineering, radio engineering and communication | ||
| 30000 | Humanitarian sciences | ||
| 140000 | Energy, power engineering and electrical engineering | ||
| 100000 | Service sector | ||
| 280000 | Life safety, environmental management and environmental protection | ||
| 50000 | Education and Pedagogy | ||
| 240000 | Chemical and biotechnology | ||
| 170000 | Weapons and weapons systems | ||
| 80000 | Economics and Management | ||
| 10000 | Physical and mathematical sciences | ||
| 200000 | Instrumentation and optotechnics | ||
| 150000 | Metallurgy, mechanical engineering and material processing | ||
| 260000 | Technology of food products and consumer products | ||
| 270000 | Architecture and construction | ||
| 120000 | Geodesy and land management | ||
| 130000 | Geology, exploration and development of minerals | ||
| 230000 | Informatics and Computer Engineering | ||
| 20000 | Natural Sciences | ||
| 250000 | Reproduction and processing of forest resources | ||
| 160000 | Aviation and rocket and space technology | ||
| 190000 | Vehicles | ||
| 60000 | healthcare | ||
| 110000 | Agriculture and fisheries | ||
| 40000 | Social sciencies | ||
| 220000 | Automation and control | ||
| 180000 | Marine technology | ||
| 70000 | Culture and art | ||
What is OXO
OKSO is the abbreviation for the All-Russian Classifier of Specialties. The classifier was created in order to ensure the exchange of data between government departments in the field of education. OKSO is designed to solve problems in the field of training the necessary specialists in an industrial or other field. In other words, the All-Russian classifier of specialties takes into account the needs of the market in various fields of activity, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the unemployment rate.
Among the other tasks of OKSO, there are such as regulation of licensing in the educational field, statistical analysis, accounting and processing of information, regulation of the ratio of the level of training of Russian specialists in accordance with international standards.
OKSO includes both higher and secondary vocational education. The classifier is based on the law “On Education”, as well as on the lists of areas in personnel training compiled in accordance with this law. The maintenance of the classifier is regulated by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and VNIIKI Gosstandart.
What objects are classified in OKSO
The objects of the All-Russian classifier of specialties are specialties of higher and secondary vocational education. In this case, the specialty refers to the skills, knowledge, skills that were obtained in the process of studying at an educational institution, when trained specialists become able to solve the set professional tasks.
What is the structure and codes in OKSO
OKSO as a whole represents a set of code designations for objects for classification, names of these objects and additional classification features.
Includes a structural description of the object:
- Name block
- Identification block
- Block of additional classification features
In OKSO, the identification block is built using a hierarchical classification method, as well as using a sequential coding method. There are three levels of hierarchical classification:
- Specialties
- Areas of training
- Enlarged groups of areas and specialties
Six decimal digits are included in the code designation structure. It has the following form: XXXXXXX, where:
- The first and second signs correspond to the enlarged groups of areas and specialties of training
- The third and fourth signs are the directions of preparation
- The fifth and sixth characters are specialties
In OKSO, the naming block includes the names of specialties, areas of training, the names of enlarged groups of areas and specialties. For ease of use of the classifier, the names of directions are highlighted in bold, specialties - in italics. The block of additional classification features contains information about the qualification, which is assigned in the specialty and field of study. In the 1st column of the block of qualification additional features, the code is indicated, in the 2nd column of the block - the name of the qualification. The name of the qualification is determined by the lists of areas and specialties of secondary vocational and higher education approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
Specialties of higher education - a specialty approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation dated September 12, 2013 N 1061 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on October 14, 2013, registration N 30163), as amended by orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated January 29, 2014 N 63 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation February 28, 2014, registration N 31448), dated August 20, 2014 N 1033 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on September 3, 2014, registration N 33947), dated October 13, 2014 N 1313 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation November 13, 2014, registration N 34691), March 25, 2015 N 270 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 22, 2015, registration N 36994) and October 1, 2015 N 1080 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation October 19, 2015, registration N 39355).
<1>The list of specialties of higher education - undergraduate, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of September 12, 2013 N 1061 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on October 14, 2013, registration N 30163), as amended by orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Federation dated January 29, 2014 N 63 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 28, 2014, registration N 31448), dated August 20, 2014 N 1033 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on September 3, 2014, registration N 33947) , dated October 13, 2014 N 1313 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on November 13, 2014, registration N 34691), dated March 25, 2015 N 270 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 22, 2015, registration N 36994) , dated October 1, 2015 N 1080 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on October 19, 2015, registration N 39355) and dated December 1, 2016 N 1508 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on December 20, 2016, registration N 44807) .
Registration N 30163
In accordance with Part 8 of Article 11 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2012, N 53, Art. 7598; 2013, N 19, Art. 2326) , subparagraph 5.2.1 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 3, 2013 N 466 (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2013, N 23, Art. 2923; N 33, Art. 4386), I order:
1. Approve:
a list of areas of training for higher education - bachelor's degree (Appendix N 1);
a list of areas of training for higher education - magistracy (Appendix No. 2);
list of specialties of higher education - specialty (Appendix N 3);
a list of areas of training for higher education - training of highly qualified personnel under the programs for training scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (Appendix No. 4);
a list of areas for the preparation of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel in postgraduate programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel (Appendix No. 5);
list of specialties of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel for residency programs (Appendix No. 6);
list of specialties of higher education - training of highly qualified personnel for assistantship-internship programs (Appendix No. 7).
2. Organizations implementing educational activities By educational programs higher education, have the right to apply the list of areas of training (specialties) of higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment to a person of the qualification (degree) "specialist", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2009 N 1136 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 2, 199; N 40, art. 5091; 2011, N 28, art. 4215), lists of areas of higher professional education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of September 17, 2009 N 337 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation October 30, 2009, registration N 15158), as amended by orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 9, 2010 N 168 "On Amendments to the Lists of Areas of Training for Higher Professional Education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated September 17, 2009 N 337" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 26, 2010, registration N 17016), dated August 12, 2010 N 856 "On amendments to the lists of areas of higher professional education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and science of the Russian Federation of September 17, 2009 N 337, as amended by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2010 N 168 "(registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on September 13, 2010, registration N 18418), dated March 11, 2011 N 1352 "On amendments to the lists of areas of training of higher professional education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of September 17, 2009 N 337, as amended by orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 9 March 2010 N 168 and dated August 12, 2010 N 856" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 4, 2011, registration N 20389), dated July 5, 2011 N 2099 "On amendments to the lists of areas of higher education vocational education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of September 17, 2009 N 337, as amended by orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2010 N 168, of August 12, 2010 N 856 and dated March 11, 2011 N. 1352" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on August 8, 2011 , registration N 21577) (hereinafter referred to as the lists) until the completion of the training of persons previously accepted for the areas of training (specialty) indicated in the lists.
Minister D. Livanov