A number of studies are devoted to the history of the most distinguished national divisions and brigades (50). The memoirs of their veterans (51), who still have not lost their cognitive value, are of great scientific and public interest, although now the history of the archives is open to wide access.
In addition to national military formations, other reserves necessary for the front were trained in large numbers. All this together provided the army with an inexhaustible source of replenishment. The power of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War had, among other things, a national basis. The Brotherhood of War; one fighting family, fraternal military alliance of the peoples of the USSR - such definitions were often used by historians to characterize interethnic relations in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War (52).
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War The Red Army has become even more multinational. This was required by the nature and conditions of the armed struggle against the enemy. Mobilizations took place in all regions of the USSR, with the exception of the Baltic republics, western regions of Ukraine and Belarus. According to our observations, soldiers of at least twenty nationalities served in an ordinary rifle division. In such a multinational state as the Soviet Union, it could not be otherwise.
Depending on the scale of combat losses and the number of reinforcements received, the ethnic composition of each military unit invariably changed. Regardless of this, the soldiers of Russian nationality, with rare exceptions, constituted their main core, representatives of all other peoples of the USSR fought shoulder to shoulder with them. A.P. Artemyev, who studied this problem, came to the conclusion that the proportion of soldiers of each nationality corresponded to its proportion in the total population of the USSR according to the 1939 census (53) republics of the USSR.
The power of the Armed Forces of the USSR largely depended on the cohesion of soldiers of different nationalities. Therefore, strengthening the friendship and brotherhoods of peoples both in the country as a whole, and in each labor or military collective as a unit of society individually has become one of the main tasks of the government, the country's political leadership, the command and political agencies of the army and navy. In the fall of 1 9 4 1, it was decided to create a front seal for soldiers
of non-Russian nationality - front-line, army and divisional newspapers. They were published in almost all languages of the Union and some autonomous republics. By the end of the war, 110 (54) were deployed on the fronts, fleets, military districts and reserve units. The newspapers at that time did a lot to rally the soldiers of different nationalities. According to S.I.Semakin's calculations, for example, in the newspaper Pravda in 1941 there were 52 materials about the military cooperation and heroism of the peoples of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War, in 1942 - 97, in 1943 - about 170, in 1944 year - 1 1 7 (5 5).
The Commonwealth of Peoples of the USSR also passed a severe test of strength in the territory occupied by the enemy, where, as is known, partisans and underground fighters acted with the active support of the population. The people's avengers, as noted in historical works (56), diverted large enemy forces to themselves, and in a number of regions, especially in Belarus, controlled a significant part of the territory, creating extensive partisan zones and territories. Soviet historians were unanimous that the national partisan movement was based on the inviolable friendship of the peoples of the USSR. So, in one of the early works on the history of the partisan movement in Belarus it was said: "Shoulder to shoulder with the partisans - the sons of the Belarusian people heroically fought against the fascist invaders in Belarus, Russians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Jews, Latvians, Georgians, Kazakhs, Armenians, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Azerbaijanis, as well as representatives of the peoples of Europe - Poles, Slovaks, Czechs, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, French, Hungarians, Germans, Romanians, etc. At the same time, thousands of Belarusians took an active part in the partisan movement of Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Moldavian and other peoples subjected to fascist occupation (57).
One of the important factors of victory in the Great Patriotic War was the patriotism of the peoples of the USSR, which was most often interpreted as Soviet patriotism. Considering patriotism as one of the factors of victory, Soviet historians, unlike their foreign opponents, resolutely defended the thesis about the organic compatibility of patriotism and internationalism in general, and the conditions of the Soviet state in particular.
The heroism of Soviet soldiers of different nationalities in battles against the German fascist invaders was reflected in a large number of works, which, in our opinion, constitute a whole scientific direction.
called "perestroika", on the contrary, the process of degerization of the struggle of the peoples of the USSR is connected), the theme of the people's feat in the defense of the Fatherland occupied one of the leading places in historical science. Various publishing houses in the country published a special series of books and brochures dedicated directly to the heroism of Soviet soldiers. These were, for example, in the Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR the series "Heroes of the Great Patriotic War", "Heroes-Contemporaries", "Heroes and Feats", "The Heroic Past of Our Motherland", "Veterans are Telling", etc .; in the publishing house of political literature - "Pages of the History of the Soviet Motherland", "Heroes of the Soviet Motherland", "When there were twenty ..."; the publishing house "Soviet Russia" - "Podvig"; the publication of the Central Committee of DOSAAF - "For the honor and glory of the Motherland", "Were heroic"; in the publishing house "Young Guard" - "Your heroes, the Komsomol!" "Guard of the Lenin Komsomol", "Honor, Courage, Courage", "Young Heroes". Along with the central one, a lot of literature about the exploits of Soviet soldiers, partisans and underground fighters was published in republican, regional and regional publishing houses.
Literature about people awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was especially widely published. The middle were the sons and daughters of all the peoples of the USSR, including 8182 Russians, 2072 Ukrainians, 3 1 1 Belarusians, 1 6 1 Tartars, 108 Jews, 96 Kazakhs, 91 Georgians, 90 Armenians, 69 Uzbeks, 61 Mordvinians, 44 Chuvashes, 43 Azerbaijanis, 39 Bashkirs , 32 Ossetians, 18 Mari, 18 Turkmens, 15 Lithuanians, 14 Tajiks, 13 Latvians, 12 Kirghiz, 10 Komi, 10 Udmurts, 9 Estonians, 9 Karelians, 8 Kalmyks, 7 Kabardins, 6 Adygeis, 5 Abkhazians, 3 Yakuts and representatives many other nationalities. Among the Heroes Soviet Union 86 women (58).
Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved thanks to the massive heroism of the sons and daughters of all the peoples of the USSR. Among those awarded orders and medals on November 1, 1947, there were soldiers of 193 nationalities (59).
The sons of different peoples of the USSR more than 300 times in the Great Patriotic War repeated the immortal feat of infantrymen A.K. Pankratov, V.V. Vasilkovsky and A.M. Matrosov, more than 350 times - the heroic hero N.F. Gastello. The names of the Russian D.M. Karbyshev and the Tatar Musa Jalil became the symbols of the indomitable will of perseverance in the struggle. The Victory Banner was hoisted over the Reichstag by the Russian M.A. Egorov and the Georgian M.V. Kantaria. Regiments and divisions formed in different republics of the USSR were awarded orders over 10,900 times (60).
Hundreds of articles, essays, books have been published about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. The appeal to their exploits is a continuation of the centuries-old tradition of Russian historical thought, which originates in legends, epics and chronicles of the peoples of the USSR. One of her notable achievements is the fundamental work in two volumes "Heroes of the Soviet Union", which contains short biographies based on documentary sources
Almost seven years have passed since then, during which the release of literature about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War is practically
ceased, began, as noted above, the deheroization of the national struggle against the German fascist invaders. The exception is the book about the legendary exploits of Soviet soldiers "On the Verge of Possible" (62), published with the funds of the transnational company "Hermes-Soyuz" in a relatively small run (10 thousand copies ).
Ivan Ivanovich Kozhedub, Air Marshal, three times Hero of the Soviet Union, wrote: "It is fundamentally important to emphasize that the constellation of heroes who committed air and fire rams was multinational. Belarusians Boris Kovkhan and Nestor Bibin, Jews Lev Radiger fought in the same ranks with the Russians and Ukrainians. and Gennady Mikityansky, Georgians Ivan Gabunia and David Dzhabaridzv, Armenian Mikhail Galustyan, Azeri Vladimir Bagirov, Moldovan Stefan Rimsha, Pole Pyotr Zhilinsky, Chuvash Nikifor Ignatiev and other representatives of the fraternal family of Soviet peoples. " Now everyone wants to remember it. Then II Kozhedub continued: “It is impermissible to forget that internationalism, now undergoing attacks of destructive corrosion, was one of the decisive factors of our Victory. For example, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, fearless pilot Akhmet-Khan Sultan, who personally shot down 30 enemy planes and In 1971, when testing new technology, he was the son of a Dagestani (Lak) and a Tatar woman. When asked whose hero he was, he proudly replied: "I am not a Tatar or Lak hero. I am a Hero of the Soviet Union!" (63).
In terms of the scale, tension, fierceness of hostilities, the Great Patriotic War had no equal in the history of mankind. Its inevitable consequence was enormous loss of life, among which there were millions of wounded and sick in need of medical care. Soviet state took decisive measures to organize their treatment, prevent epidemics at the front and in the rear. The need for donated blood has increased as never before.
During the war, the Soviet health authorities and the military medical service of the Red Army formed more than 6 thousand hospitals (64), equipped the necessary number of military medical trains and river transports for the evacuation of the wounded. Almost half of the hospital beds were deployed by civil health authorities (65), which in the history of wars on a national scale were entrusted with the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers evacuated from the country.
All the peoples of the USSR came to help the wounded sick defenders of the Fatherland. In the second half of 1941, a massive patriotic movement gained momentum, thanks to which two funds were created: a fund for the health of defenders of the Motherland and a fund for helping the wounded and disabled war veterans. Even earlier, it began to recruit the force of the mass donor movement.
This problem has taken its rightful place in the works of historians of the pre-perestroika period. Such an interesting aspect as public assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers, the attention of historians
attracted, perhaps, most often. It was reflected in publications (66) and candidate dissertations (67) on the history of the CPSU and public organizations, but very few special works are devoted to this topic (68). National aid to the wounded and sick soldiers has become a traditional subject of many works on the history of the union and autonomous republics, individual regions of the Kraevs of the USSR (69).
From the work of Soviet historians, it follows that assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers, disabled warriors was truly international. This corresponded to the nature of public relations at that time. Before the war 5.5 million inhabitants of the USSR became active donors (70). They were everywhere, where there was a need for donor blood, the use of which, along with advanced methods of treatment, material assistance to the wounded, saved hundreds and hundreds of thousands of soldiers wounded on the battlefield from inevitable death, shorten the treatment period and return them to combat formation or to labor activity. Donors gave 1.7 million liters of blood for transfusion to wounded soldiers and commanders of the Red Army (71).
Hospitals and other medical institutions were deployed in places where there was a basic material base for them, favorable natural and other conditions. For example, in the Astrakhan District (in
that time - an integral part of the Stalingrad region), 39 hospitals were organized, in Tajikistan - 29, in Georgia - 72 (72). The most suitable buildings for medical purposes were assigned to hospitals. Home front workers donated the necessary equipment, inventory, furniture, bedding, underwear, dressing gowns, towels, dishes, and shoes to the military medical institutions. Collective farmers have created a special "Health Fund for Red Army soldiers." More than 7 million soldiers returned from hospitals to the active army (73).
The perception of the peoples of the USSR was characterized, in the words of the famous poet, "the feeling of a single family." During the Great Patriotic War, it manifested itself especially sharply, first of all, in relation to those evacuated from the western republics and regions of the country, of whom already in 1941, there were 18 million people (74). In the places where the evacuees arrived, they found shelter and warmth. Soviet historians have devoted a lot of heart-stirring pages to this problem. They showed that the scale of work on the ground to receive and accommodate evacuees is beyond comparison with what has ever happened in the history of Russia or any other state.
Information of this kind is contained in most works on the history of territories and regions, union and autonomous republics, regional organizations of the CPSU. Each of them deals with the fate of, as a rule, hundreds of thousands, or even a million people. For example, in the Perm region there were 268 thousand people (75), in the Penza region - 124 300 people, including 54 200 children (76), in the Kazakh SSR - about 1 million people (77), in the Uzbek SSR - more than 1 million people, including 200,000 children (78).
The local population, as historical sources confirm, showed fraternal participation in the fate of the evacuees. At the same time, special attention was paid to orphans. Many of them found shelter in orphanages or with families at the place of evacuation. Residents of Bralina are raising one, and sometimes several orphans. Thus, an Uzbek gardener from the Osh region Imin-akhun Akhmedov adopted 13 children. A blacksmith from Tashkent Shaakhmed Shamakhudov and his wife Bahri adopted, adopted and raised 16 orphans, including Russians, Uzbeks, Chuvashs, Tatars, Jews, Gypsies (79).
Patriotism, a sense of high responsibility for the fate of the Motherland, friendship and brotherhood of the peoples of the USSR gave birth to years
Great Patriotic War, mass movements, the purpose of which was to provide all-round assistance to the front. They were attended by people of different ages and social status. They were united by one thing - the desire to help the Red Army to defeat the enemy as soon as possible. For example, the creation of a fund for the defense of the Motherland became widespread. This movement emerged for the first time during the war and quickly spread throughout the country. People of different nationalities donated cash, valuables, government loan bonds to a special account of the State Bank of the USSR, and made deductions from wages. Precious metals - platinum, gold, silver - came in large quantities from the population. From their personal reserves, the collective farmers contributed grain, meat, livestock, butter, milk, eggs, wool, furs, fruits, vegetables to the defense fund. Often they donated over-planned crops to the defense fund, the so-called "hectares of defense" with increased harvest.
Significant income came from subbotniks and Sundays - the voluntary labor of workers and employees in their free time from their main work. The population allocated huge funds for the construction of tank columns, squadrons of combat aircraft, artillery pieces, armored trains, warships and other formidable military equipment. Subscription to government war loans was successful.
Such popular accomplishments, of course, could not fail to attract the closest attention of historians. They passed as pivotal subjects in the essays on the history of local organizations of the CPSU, of which about a hundred had been published by the beginning of the 1980s (80). These plots were covered in more detail in works on the history of individual regions - republics, territories, regions, as well as the corresponding organizations of the CPSU or VLKSM during the war.
Studies devoted to the commonwealth of the peoples of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War have clearly proved that it was the union of the peoples of the USSR that was one of the most important factors that ensured the victory of the USSR over the fascist aggressor. This conclusion, which seemed very trivial ten years ago, today, today, takes on a new meaning. The active participation of all the peoples of the USSR in the struggle against the fascist aggressor, the massive heroism of people of different nationalities, the selfless assistance to the front from people who lived thousands of kilometers from the line of fire, confirmed the viability and strength of the unique multinational state that the USSR was.
The Union of the Peoples of the USSR saved the country from German fascist enslavement, dismemberment, from the physical destruction of millions of people. To the greatest regret, today this truth is proved from the opposite: the collapse and destruction of the Soviet Union led the peoples of our country to a national tragedy, the scale of which is comparable to a severe military defeat.
The historiography of the military community of the peoples of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War quite rightly emphasized the positive role that the community of the peoples of the CCCP played during the Second World War. At the same time, the works under consideration were characterized by a certain "one-dimensionality" associated with the fact that researchers could not go beyond the official concept. Thus, historians were forced to bypass the question of the deportation of entire peoples during the Great Patriotic War; on the reasons for the cooperation of a part of the population of some occupied territories (for example, Western Ukraine) with the Nazis; that the combat capability of some national military formations was significantly lower than the combat capability of the rest of the Red Army.
Unfortunately, in recent years, no research has appeared in which the problem we are covering was disclosed in all its complexity and inconsistency, taking into account the factors that have become known now and the opportunities that have opened up for working in archives.
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Over the past couple of days, I have met several times in the tape skirmishes between "Soviet" and "Russians" over who "defeated fascism".
As a categorical opponent of the dinarism, humanitarianism decided to extinguish his emotions and turned to primary sources.
- Krivosheev. Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century. Table 121 "Irrecoverable losses"
- All-Union Population Census of 1939. "National composition of the population in the republics of the USSR"
The population of the USSR in 1939 was 170,557,093 people.
The number of irrecoverable losses of the USSR Armed Forces in the Second World War - 8,668,400 people
Disclaimer:
1. Only 20 of the largest nationalities of the USSR for 1939 are taken into account.
The peoples included in the table (162,883,937 people) cover 95.50% of the population of the USSR in 1939.
The losses included in the table (8,415,500 people) cover 97.08% of the losses of the USSR Armed Forces in the Second World War.
2. The top 20 does not include the Balts, Moldovans-Romanians, Poles - due to the movement of borders in 1939.
3. Germans are not included in the top 20, you can understand why.
4. Errors are possible about the "Nationalities of Dagestan", tk. I'm not sure what was meant by that in those years.
5. 1939 and 1941-45 are not the same thing, but, I think, everything is within the statistical error.
6. I remind you that these are losses. military personnel called up for service. Those. we consider the contribution only to hostilities.
7. There are errors in connection with the occupation by the Germans in the very first months of the war of significant territories of the USSR, and as a consequence of the impossibility of full conscription from their territories, i.e. the figures for the losses of Ukrainians and Belarusians should be higher.
| №№ | Nationality | The number in the USSR in 1939 | The death toll of military personnel | % in the population of the USSR in 1939 | % of the total number of killed military personnel | % of dead servicemen of the total number of this nationality |
| 1 | Russian | 99.591.520 | 5.756.000 | 58,39% | 66,40% | 5,78% |
| 2 | Ukrainians | 28.111.007 | 1.377.400 | 16,48% | 15,89% | 4,90% |
| 3 | Belarusians | 5.275.393 | 252.900 | 3,09% | 2,92% | 4,79% |
| 4 | Uzbekov | 4.845.140 | 117.900 | 2,84% | 1,36% | 2,43% |
| 5 | Tatars | 4.313.488 | 187.700 | 2,53% | 2,17% | 4,35% |
| 6 | Kazakhs | 3.100.949 | 125.500 | 1,82% | 1,45% | 4,05% |
| 7 | Jews | 3.028.538 | 142.500 | 1,78% | 1,64% | 4,71% |
| 8 | Azerbaijanis | 2.275.678 | 58.400 | 1,33% | 0,67% | 2,57% |
| 9 | Georgian | 2.249.636 | 79.500 | 1,32% | 0,92% | 3,53% |
| 10 | Armenians | 2.152.860 | 83.700 | 1,26% | 0,97% | 3,89% |
| 11 | Chuvashes | 1.369.574 | 63.300 | 0,80% | 0,73% | 4,62% |
| 12 | Tajiks | 1.229.170 | 22.900 | 0,72% | 0.26% | 3,37% |
| 13 | Kirgizov | 884.615 | 26.600 | 0,51% | 0,31% | 3,01% |
| 14 | The peoples of Dagestan | 857.499 | 11.100 | 0,50% | 0,13% | 1,29% |
| 15 | Bashkir | 843.648 | 31.700 | 0,49% | 0,37% | 3,76% |
| 16 | Turkmen | 812.404 | 21.300 | 0,48% | 0,25% | 2,62% |
| 17 | Udmurtov | 606.326 | 23.200 | 0,36% | 0,27% | 3,83% |
| 18 | Chechen / Ingush | 500.088 | 2.300 | 0,29% | 0,03% | 0,46% |
| 19 | Mariytsev | 481.587 | 20.900 | 0,28% | 0,24% | 4,34% |
| 20 | Ossetian | 354.818 | 10.700 | 0,21% | 0,12% | 3,02% |
The average irrecoverable losses for all the peoples of the USSR are 5.08% of the total population (as of 1939).
The average irrecoverable losses for all the peoples of the USSR, minus the losses of the Russians, amount to 4.1%.
Let everyone make their own conclusions, mine are as follows:
1. Indeed, the Russian people suffered combat losses in the Second World War more than any other people of the USSR (40% higher than the average for all other peoples).
2. The contribution of other peoples is also very significant, every third Soviet soldier who died was not a Russian by nationality.
3. Those who like to talk about the "heroes of the Tashkent front" - see line 7 of the table.
4. The unexpectedly low "contribution" to the losses of Uzbeks and Turkmens, it seems to me, is explained by the fact that Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are the places where cotton grows, i.e. the main component for the production of gunpowder. They did not call. In addition, Central Asians were massively called up to the "labor front", where they also died quite well, if anyone is interested, you can read about UZTM (Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant aka Uzbek here is your grave)
Together with the Nazis in June 1941, the allies of the Nazis fell on the Soviet Union ...
In October 1940 in Finland the formation of SS Viking battalions, numbering up to 2 thousand people, began. On June 18, 1941, Finland announced a general mobilization and brought the number of armed forces to 650 thousand.
The day before the start of the war, the Finns launched Operation Regatta and seized the Åland Islands. 5 thousand people were transferred to the archipelago, including 69 guns.
On June 21 at 23:00, the Finns laid mines across the Gulf of Finland, thereby cutting off the Baltic fleet.
At the same time, 3 Finnish submarines laid mines off the coast of Estonia in the territorial waters of the Soviet Union.
November 23, 1940 Romania signed a mutual assistance agreement with Germany. The new Romanian government planned, at the expense of the USSR, to create "Greater Romania" and annex Bessarabia and lands up to the Southern Bug.
By the beginning of the war, the Romanians pulled up two armies with a total strength of 342 thousand to the border of the Soviet Union. On June 22, they opened fire on Soviet border guards in the area of the Danube and Prut rivers. And on June 26, our border guards, with the support of the Danube Flotilla, went on the offensive and captured the Romanian city of Kilia Veche and advanced 40 km. deep into enemy territory.
Romanian soldiers at Stalingrad
At the end of June 1941, the troops of the Carpathian Hungarian army, as part of the 8th Kosice Corps. It was later annexed to the 17th German Army as part of Army Group South. On July 1, the Hungarians entered the battle with the Soviet troops.
Italians with the outbreak of the war, a special unit, the Italian Expeditionary Corps, was sent to the Eastern Front. It consisted of three divisions of up to 60 thousand people.
Spain in support of the Nazis sent the 250th "Blue Division".
In March 1942, a legion appeared near Leningrad “ Norway", And at the end of May near Demyansk the legion distinguished itself" Denmark". The strength of the two legions corresponded to the reinforced battalions. In January 1943, they were joined by a separate Norwegian ski company from the 6th SS Mountain Division "Nord".
Soldiers of the Norwegian SS Legion "Norway" near Leningrad
In total, in the period 1941-1943. 4460 Norwegian and 4833 Danish volunteers entered the SS troops.
Beginning in the second half of 1943, most of the Danes, Swedes and Norwegians, together with Volksdeutsche from Yugoslavia, became part of the 11th SS Division Nordland.
The soldiers of the "Nordland" together with Dutch brigade and two Belgian battalions took part in the "Battle of the European SS near Narva."
The 3rd SS Panzer Corps, which united the "Nordland", the SS "Netherlands" division and two Belgian SS divisions, fought its last battle on the outskirts of Berlin, where it was destroyed.
At least one in five Danes and Norwegians, over a thousand Swedes and about a thousand Scandinavian Volksdeutsche, fought against the Soviet Union and at least 4 thousand were killed. Only near Leningrad and Demyansk in the legions "Norway" and "Denmark" more than a thousand of them were killed.
At the final stage of the war, the number of Dutch and Belgian SS men increased significantly. The Flanders legion grew to two battalions, was defeated near Zhitomir, rebuilt again, again defeated near Narva. Reorganized into the 27th SS Division "Langemark" and continued to fight until complete defeat near Berlin.
Belgian SS Legion "Langemark"
Separately about the French. Yes, there were patriots among them: the Normandie-Niemen air regiment, volunteers in the Soviet and Anglo-American troops, the Makki partisans and Charles de Gaulle's corps fought the Nazis selflessly. But the vast majority of the French fought on the opposite side. On the Eastern Front, we were opposed by their 638th Infantry Regiment, which was utterly defeated at Borodino, which, of course, is symbolic. And also the Charlemagne division, which defended the Reich Chancellery in Berlin to the last.
Moreover, when in the 44th year, the Nazis led prisoners of the British and Americans through the Parisian streets, the French threw stones and rotten eggs at them, showering them with dirty curses.
In addition to the SS volunteers, about 20 thousand Belgians, French and the Dutch, served in the Wehrmacht's National Socialist Automobile Corps. More than 20 thousand people from these countries worked in the Speer Transport Corps.
About 20 thousand overseers from European countries were in the guard companies on the construction of roads and fortifications of the Todt Organization. Tens of thousands of Europeans were enlisted in the ranks of the Imperial Labor Service as sapper and security units, and fought against the partisans. At the end of the war, the Imperial Labor Service joined the ranks of the Wehrmacht as part of the 12th Army of the Theodor Kerner, Friedrich Ludwig Jan and Schlageter divisions.
All Europe during the war years gave Germany over a million people, more than 100 thousand of whom died. In Hitler, these people saw a major unifier of the continent, who would share the booty with them, but only found their grave with him ...
In relative shares of the total population. The material presented below completely dispels the myth about the Second World War, as about "the Second Civil War, when the Russian people stood up to fight the bloody tyrant Stalin and the Soviet Judokaganate."
And so the word to the author, colleague harding1989
to Anti-Soviet military formations
I decided to present to the public a couple of visual (in my opinion) graphs and a table to make something clearer.
| People | The number in the USSR in 1941,% | The number of those who sided with the enemy of the total number of traitors,% | The number of traitors from the population,% |
| Russians | 51,7 | 32,3 | 0,4 |
| Ukrainians | 18,4 | 21,2 | 0,7 |
| Belarusians | 4,3 | 5,9 | 0,8 |
| Lithuanians | 1,0 | 4,2 | 2,5 |
| Latvians | 0,8 | 12,7 | 9,2 |
| Estonians | 0,6 | 7,6 | 7,9 |
| Azerbaijanis | 1,2 | 3,3 | 1,7 |
| Armenians | 1,1 | 1,8 | 1,0 |
| Georgians | 1,1 | 2,1 | 1,1 |
| Kalmyks | 0,1 | 0,6 | 5,2 |
So what do we see?
1) As much as 0.4% of true Russian people took up the fight against Jewish people (TM). To put it mildly - not impressive.
2) The most active fighters against Soviet power were such Slavic (and Aryan, of course) peoples as the Latvians, Estonians and Kalmyks. Especially, of course, the latter. Zip file wherever there is.
3) Russians do not even live up to the "norm". Those. if in the Union they were about 51.7% of the total population, then among those who fought on the side of the enemy they turned out to be somewhere around 32.3%.
Here is such a "Second Civil".
Sources:
Drobyazko S.I. "Under the banner of the enemy. Anti-Soviet formations as part of the German armed forces 1941-1945 "M .: Eksmo, 2005.
Population of Russia in the XX century: Historical sketches. In 3 volumes / Vol. 2. 1940-1959. M .: ROSSPEN, 2001.
Soldatenatlas der wehrmacht von 1941
Materials of the site demoscope.ru
During the Great Patriotic War, sons and daughters of all republics and all peoples of the USSR fought shoulder to shoulder at the front. Each nation had its own heroes in this war.
The peoples with the most heroes
During the Great Patriotic War 7998 Russians, 2021 Ukrainians, 299 Belarusians became Heroes of the Soviet Union. The next in terms of the number of heroes are Tatars - 161, Jews - 107, Kazakhs - 96, Georgians - 90, Armenians - 89.
Other peoples
Not much behind the Georgians and Armenians are Uzbeks - 67 heroes, Mordvinians - 63, Chuvashs - 45, Azerbaijanis - 43, Bashkirs - 38, Ossetians - 33.
9 heroes each came from German (we are talking, of course, about the Volga Germans) and Estonian peoples, 8 each - from Karelians, Buryats and Mongols, Kalmyks, Kabardians. Adygs gave the country 6 heroes, Abkhazians - 4, Yakuts - 2, Moldovans - also 2, Tuvans - 1. And finally, representatives of repressed peoples such as Chechens and Crimean Tatars fought no less bravely than others. 5 Chechens and 6 Crimean Tatars were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
About "inconvenient" nationalities
At the everyday level in the USSR, there were practically no ethnic conflicts, everyone lived peacefully side by side, and treated each other, if not as brotherly, then as good neighborly. However, at the state level, there were periods when some peoples were considered "wrong". These are, first of all, the repressed peoples and Jews.
Everyone who is even slightly interested in the issue of the Crimean Tatars knows the name of Ametkhan Sultan, the legendary ace pilot, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Representatives of the Chechen people also performed feats. As you know, in 1942, the call to the front of residents of the Chechen-Ingush Republic was stopped, but by the end of this summer, when the Nazis invaded North Caucasus, it was decided to call on Chechen and Ingush volunteers to the front. 18.5 thousand volunteers came to the recruiting offices. They stood to death on the outskirts of Stalingrad as part of a separate Chechen-Ingush
There is often an opinion about the Jews that the representatives of this ancient people are capable, first of all, of intellectual work and commerce, and the warriors of them are so-so. And this is not true. 107 Jews became during the Great Patriotic Heroes Soviet Union. The Jews are enormous, for example, in organizing the partisan movement in Odessa.
From "natural" numbers to percentages
7998 Russians became Heroes of the Soviet Union during the war. At first glance, this number is much more than 6 - this is the number of Heroes of the Soviet Union from the Circassians. However, if you look at the percentage of heroes to population, you get a completely different picture. The 1939 census showed that 99,591,520 Russians live in the country. Adygov - 88115. And it turns out that the percentage of heroes per "capita" among the small Adyghe people is even slightly higher than among the Russians - 0.0068 versus 0.0080. The "percentage of heroism" among Ukrainians is 0.0072, among Belarusians - 0.0056, among Uzbeks - 0.0013, among Chechens - 0.0012, and so on. It is clear that the number of heroes in itself cannot be considered an exhaustive characteristic of the national spirit, but the ratio of the number of heroes and the total population says something about the people. If you get acquainted with this statistics on the example of the peoples of the USSR, it will become clear that during the war years each of our peoples contributed its share to the common victory, and it would be a flagrant injustice to single out someone.