On August 1, 1942, the extraction from the operational summary No. 213 General Headquarters of Krasnaya Armin 8.00 1.08.42 Carts: 500,000 and 100,000 Vo-Caucasus Front continued to conduct heavy defensive battles with tanks and motors of the enemy in the areas of Proletarskaya, on July 31,

August 2, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 214 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 08.00 2.08.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000

August 3, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 215 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 08.00 08.03.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000

August 4, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 216 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 08.00 4.08.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000

August 5, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 217 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY at 08.00 08.05.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000

August 6, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 218 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 6.08.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIVE REPORT No. 223 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY at 8.00 11.08.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 Troops of the North Caucasian Front continued to conduct heavy defensive battles with tank and motorized units of the enemy in the regions during August 10 From the author's book

On August 17, 1942, the extraction from the operational summary No. 229 General Headquarters of Krasnaya Armin 8.00 08/17/42: 500,000 and 100,000 West Front during August 16 on the right wing, overcoming the enemy’s stubborn resistance, continued to conduct offensive battles on the Rzhevsky and Rzhevsky and

August 19, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 231 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 08.00 19.08.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 fights with

August 20, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 232 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 08.00 08.20.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 The troops of the Western Front during August 19 part of the forces conducted offensive battles in the Vyazma direction and launched counterattacks on the left wing for infantry and

The famous photo of Emmanuil Evzerikhin.

Fountain "Children's round dance" on the square near the Stalingrad railway station, destroyed during the raid on August 23.

76 years have passed since the fascist tanks ended up on the northern outskirts of Stalingrad. And hundreds of German planes, meanwhile, brought down tons of deadly cargo on the city and its inhabitants.

The furious roar of engines and the ominous whistle of bombs, explosions, groans and thousands of deaths, and the Volga, engulfed in flames.

August 23 became one of the most terrible moments in the history of the city. In total, 200 fiery days from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943, the great confrontation on the Volga continued.

The center of Stalingrad a few days before the start of the battle

In the spring of 1942, Hitler divides Army Group South into two parts. The first one should take North Caucasus. The second is to move to the Volga, to Stalingrad. The summer offensive of the Wehrmacht was called Fall Blau.

German troops in the big bend of the Don. July 1942.

Stalingrad, like a magnet, attracted German troops to itself. The city that bore the name of Stalin. The city that opened the way for the Nazis to the oil reserves of the Caucasus. The city is located in the center of the transport arteries of the country.

To resist the onslaught of the Nazi army, on July 12, 1942, the Stalingrad Front was formed. Marshal Timoshenko became the first commander. It included the 21st Army and the 8th Air Army from the former Southwestern Front. More than 220,000 soldiers of three reserve armies: the 62nd, 63rd and 64th were also brought into the battle. Plus artillery, 8 armored trains and air regiments, mortar, tank, armored, engineering and other formations. The 63rd and 21st armies were supposed to prevent the Germans from forcing the Don. The rest of the forces were thrown to defend the borders of Stalingrad.

Stalingraders are also preparing for defense, units are being formed in the city militia.

The beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad was rather unusual for that time. There was silence, tens of kilometers lay between the opponents. The Nazi columns were rapidly moving east. At this time, the Red Army was concentrating forces to the Stalingrad line, building fortifications.

Red Army soldiers in battle on the outskirts of Stalingrad

July 17, 1942 is considered to be the start date of the great battle. But, according to the statements of the military historian Alexei Isaev, the soldiers of the 147th Infantry Division entered the first battle on the evening of July 16 near the Morozov and Zolotoy farms, not far from the Morozovskaya station.

Parts of the 6th German Army are moving towards Stalingrad.

From that moment on, bloody battles begin in the big bend of the Don. Meanwhile, the Stalingrad Front is replenished by the forces of the 28th, 38th and 57th armies

The children of Stalingrad are hiding from the bombs.

The day of August 23, 1942 became one of the most tragic in the history of the Battle of Stalingrad. Early in the morning, General von Wittersheim's 14th Panzer Corps reached the Volga in the north of Stalingrad.

The first bombings of Stalingrad

The enemy tanks ended up where the inhabitants of the city did not expect to see them at all - just a few kilometers from the Stalingrad Tractor Plant.

The 24th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht in the suburbs of Stalingrad.

And in the evening of the same day, at 4:18 pm Moscow time, Stalingrad turned into hell. Never before has any city in the world withstood such an onslaught. For four days, from 23 to 26 August, six hundred enemy bombers made up to 2,000 sorties daily. Each time they brought death and destruction with them. Hundreds of thousands of incendiary, high-explosive and fragmentation bombs were constantly raining down on Stalingrad.

A dive bomber in the sky over Stalingrad.

The city was on fire, choking on smoke, choking on blood. Generously flavored with oil, the Volga also burned, cutting off people's path to salvation.

Stalingrad on fire, August 23, 1942.

“What appeared before us on August 23 in Stalingrad struck me as a severe nightmare. Fire-smoke sultans of bean explosions were constantly rising up here and there. Huge columns of flame rose to the sky in the area of ​​oil storage facilities. Streams of burning oil and gasoline rushed to the Volga. the river, steamboats on the Stalingrad roadstead were on fire. The asphalt of streets and squares stankly smelt. Telegraph poles flared up like matches. There was an unimaginable noise, tearing the ear with its infernal music. The screech of bombs flying from a height mixed with the rumble of explosions, the rattle and dying people groaned, wept angrily and cried out for help, women and children, "he later recalled Commander of the Stalingrad Front Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko.

The city was on fire, choking on smoke.

In a matter of hours, the city was practically wiped off the face of the Earth. Houses, theaters, schools - everything turned into ruins. 309 Stalingrad enterprises were also destroyed. Factories "Red October", STZ, "Barricades" lost most of the workshops and equipment. Transport, communications, water supply were destroyed. About 40 thousand inhabitants of Stalingrad died.

A deep bow to all the inhabitants of military Stalingrad and its defenders! To everyone who died. To everyone who survived. To everyone who rebuilt the city from ruins. We remember…

15:12 — REGNUM 75 years have passed since the tragic date of the barbaric bombardment of Stalingrad, and the memory of those terrible days is still alive in the hearts of the witnesses of these terrible events. Today, August 23, in Volgograd paid tribute to the victims of the massive attack of Nazi aircraft on the city on the Volga.

Stalingrad-battle.ru

Flowers to the Eternal Flame on the Square of the Fallen Fighters were laid by representatives of public organizations, the administration of the Volgograd region and the city of Volgograd, the townspeople, many of whom had a chance to experience the horror of those terrible days. The children of military Stalingrad shared their memories, calling everyone to peace, so that no one would ever experience the horror of war. The ceremony participants honored the memory of the victims with a minute of silence.

Nikitenko Emilia © IA REGNUM

On the same day, a reburial ceremony for 1,002 defenders of the Fatherland was held at the Rossoshin Military Memorial Cemetery.

During the search work, it was possible to establish the names of 30 fighters. Relatives of the Red Army soldier of the 35th Guards Rifle Division (8th Airborne Corps) Mikhail Makeev arrived in Rossoshki; corporal, squad leader of the 10th rifle division of the NKVD Nikolai Aristarkhov; Sergeant, wagon driver of the 258th Infantry Division Ilya Uryashev. The relatives were handed over the personal belongings of the defenders of Stalingrad found by the search engines.

Under farewell volleys, the remains of soldiers and officers who died during the Great Patriotic War on the territory of Volgograd and the Gorodishchensky district of the Volgograd region, were interred. Since 1997, 19,387 fighters have found eternal peace at the Rossoshinsky Military Memorial Cemetery of Soviet soldiers who died near Stalingrad, 700 of them have been named. Previously, they were listed as missing, buried on the battlefield or in settlements(including on Mamaev Kurgan) or did not appear at all in the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

August 23, 1942 was the most tragic day in the history of Stalingrad. On the morning of that day, the Germans, having broken through the defenses of the Soviet army, reached the Volga, finding themselves only three kilometers from the tractor factory.

At exactly 4:18 p.m., the whistling sounds of bombs falling from the sky tore through the air. A massive bombardment of the city began. In total, there was no end to air raids for two weeks. German bombers made up to two thousand sorties daily. From August 28 to September 14, 50 thousand bombs weighing from 50 to 1000 kilograms were dropped on Stalingrad. For every square kilometer of Stalingrad land, there were up to 5 thousand bombs and large-caliber fragments.

From the memoirs of the former instrument operator Raisa Galchenko: “ On August 23, we heard the rumble of engines from the direction of Gumrak. And soon they saw enemy planes. In just a few minutes, bombs began to explode not far from us. We were suffocating in the soot, but the fighters continued to shoot. No one went into hiding ... For us, days and nights merged into a continuous roar. All around the streets were on fire. The groans of the wounded were heard ...«

Stalingrad-battle.ru

A whole city on the Volga was practically wiped off the face of the earth. Not a single building remained in the center. 309 enterprises of the city turned into a pile of stones. At the Krasny Oktyabr plant, 170,000 square meters of production space were disabled, transport and crane facilities, mechanical and electrical equipment were completely destroyed. From the summer of 1942 to the beginning of 1943, 8 thousand air bombs were dropped on the Stalingrad Tractor Plant. Only ruins remained of it.

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Nekhaevskaya secondary school".

Development of a Memory Lesson "Events of August 23, 1942: the tragedy of the civilian population of Stalingrad."

Stanitsa Nekhaevskaya, 2015.

Form of event: thematic combined Classroom hour with elements of dramatic, literary and musical performance.

Tasks of extracurricular activities:

Recall together with students the events of the Great Patriotic War.

To develop the need to study the history of your region, your Motherland, to be its true citizen, to keep historical memory of his people.

To form patriotism, citizenship, pride in one's country, for one's people.

Preparatory work:

Selection of literary material for the event.

Selection of poems, articles, factual journalistic material on the topic of the event.

Selection of photos, music for the event.

Preparation of a presentation on the theme of the event.

Class preparation for the event.

Preparation of the script for the event.

The course of an extracurricular activity.

The host reads a poem:

Do not count the factories, factories, new buildings,

Gardens and parks of wondrous beauty.

In the days of peace, you are majestic and steadfast.

You are the youth of a sparkling dream.

Your avenues, streets, fountains

They live in the bustling rhythm of the city.

You have fun after midnight, but early

Simple workdays await.

(T. Lavrova)

Text on screen:

Stalingrad! .. Before the war, an ordinary city, with streets and squares, old and new quarters. A beautiful city, a working city, a city above the Russian river Volga... By 1940, the population of the city was about 480 thousand people, the housing stock totaled 2 million square meters. m. There were 125 schools, 15 hospitals, 39 clubs, 3 universities, 19 technical schools and special secondary schools in the city. educational institutions, 4 theatres. There were 227 industrial and transport organizations. The city became a major industrial center of the country.

Many plans were not destined to come true - the Great Patriotic War began. From its first days, the city became one of the largest arsenals in the southeast of the country. Stalingrad factories produced and repaired tanks, artillery pieces, ships, mortars, machine guns and other weapons. A division of the people's militia and eight destruction battalions were formed. On October 23, 1941, the city defense committee was created, which played an important role in coordinating the actions of the military and civil authorities. On a huge scale, the construction of defensive fortifications was carried out by units of the 5th sapper army and the workers of the city and region.

The patriotic song of the period of the Great Patriotic War sounds, which has become a kind of anthem for the defense of the Fatherland "Holy War", known for the first line "Get up, the country is huge!". Lyricist: V.I. Lebedev-Kumach, composer: A.V. Aleksandrov (1941). Performed by a group of students.

Get up, great country,

Get up for the death fight

With dark fascist power,

With the damned horde.

Chorus:

May noble rage

Rip like a wave,

There is a people's war

Holy war!

Like two different poles

We are hostile in everything.

We fight for light and peace

They are for the kingdom of darkness.

Chorus.

Let's fight back the oppressors

All fiery ideas

Rapists, robbers,

Torturers of people!

Chorus.

Black wings dare not

Fly over the motherland

Its fields are spacious

The enemy does not dare to trample!

Chorus.

Rotten fascist evil spirits

Let's put a bullet in the forehead

The scum of mankind

Let's build a strong coffin!

Chorus.

Let's go break with all our might,

With all my heart, with all my soul

For our dear land

For our great Union!

Chorus.

A huge country rises

Rise to the death fight

With dark fascist power,

With the damned horde!

Chorus.

The presenters come out in formal suits.

1 leader:

In accordance with the plan for the summer offensive campaign of 1942, the Wehrmacht command, having concentrated large forces in the southwestern direction, expected to defeat the Soviet troops, go to the big bend of the Don, take Stalingrad on the move, capture the Caucasus, and then Moscow.

The 6th field and 4th tank armies were redirected to Stalingrad. Later, the Italian and two Romanian armies were drawn into the battle. If in July 30 enemy divisions attacked Stalingrad, then in August there were already 69, and in September - 81. From that moment on, the Stalingrad direction became the main one.

2 host:

On July 12, 1942, the Stalingrad Front under the command of S.K. Timoshenko was created on the basis of the field administration of the troops of the Southwestern Front.

In an exceptionally difficult combat situation in the great bend of the Don and on the approaches to the Volga, one of the greatest battles of the Second World War began. On July 17, the advanced units of the German fascist troops reached the Chir River and entered into battle with units of the 62nd and 64th armies. The enemy outnumbered the Soviet troops by 1.7 times in number of people, 1.3 times in artillery and tanks, and more than 2 times in aviation. Under the onslaught of superior enemy forces, our troops were forced to retreat to the left bank of the Don.

For a whole month there were bloody battles on the outer defensive contour. The plan of the Nazis to capture Stalingrad was immediately thwarted.

3 leading:

The inhabitants of the front-line regions of the region also made their contribution to the defense of Stalingrad. The front from the city of Frolovo was 30 km, the city was in danger. Teenagers, women, old people created defensive lines. In the materials of the museum of the locomotive depot st. Archeda, the following description of the events of those days has been preserved: “The enemy bombed St. Archeda continuously. The Nazis destroyed all the buildings at the station, not a single room remained. And yet the trains went to the front. Since 1942, the depot workers were in the barracks. Dozens of front-line flights were made by the machinists of the depot st. Archeda: N.A. and P.A. Evstigneev, I.G. Litvinov. A memorial plaque installed on the knowledge of the station tells about the labor feat of the railway workers in those years. On August 5, the driver A.S. Vasilyev was driving a train carrying ammunition from Kachalino to Archeda. Enemy planes appeared over the Log station and began to drop bombs. One hit the arriving train and it caught fire. It was necessary to unhook the surviving wagons and take them out of the station. Having shown courage and resourcefulness, the driver brought these cars from the station to the stage. The catastrophe of a strong explosion of ammunition and gasoline tanks was averted.

1 leader:

A fragment from an air bomb near the station. Rakovka was wounded by the driver M.N. Kotelnikov. Blood flowed from the wound. But the driver did not leave his post, he knew that there was no one to replace him, and the defenders of Stalingrad were waiting for the cargo. Having quickly bandaged the wound, Kotelnikov led the train longer, safely leaving it to its destination. It was a battle on the rails, which our railroad workers won at the cost of their own lives.

In August there was a grain harvest. It was not easy for the collective farmers. Newspaper " Stalingrad truth"published then the editorial "Bread is also a weapon." The enemy bombed the farms of Vetutnevo, Ternovka, Frontiers, Archedino-Chernushensky, the fields of the Zelenovsky state farm. The noble combine operator of this state farm P.I. Belyansky told how enemy planes dived on his harvesting unit , pierced the harvester with bullets, threw bombs twice, and it exploded next to the tractor.Tractor driver Sekachev was severely shell-shocked, but refused to go to the farm, two combines burned down under the bombing, combine harvesters M.P. Mikhin, A.T. Polyakov, S. T" Rogachev. Eleven people were killed by the enemy at the Zelenovsky state farm during the harvest, but the entire crop from an area of ​​more than ten thousand hectares was harvested in a timely manner. In August, all collective farms brought a new crop to the elevator. 12403 tons of grain were shipped. The grain procurement plan was overfulfilled.

2 host:

On August 23, 1942, Stalingrad was subjected to a barbaric bombardment. From that day, massive air bombardments of the city began. In just two hours in the afternoon, enemy aircraft made about 2,000 sorties. Many enterprises were destroyed, cultural values ​​were destroyed. Flaming oil flowed from the bombed-out tanks of an oil storage facility located on the banks of the Volga and spilled down the river. Wharfs and ships were burning. It seemed that the Volga itself was on fire. The huge bonfire of the burning city was visible for tens of kilometers around. “I had to go through and see a lot on military roads, but what I saw on August 23 in Stalingrad amazed me. The city was on fire, it was monstrously destroyed ...”, the commander wrote in his memoirs. Southeastern Front(from September 28 - Stalingrad) Marshal Soviet Union Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko.

3 leading:

Only after midnight the attacks of the fascist aviation stopped. More than 40,000 civilians died that day. It was necessary to organize the evacuation of city property, factory equipment, people. In all this, the army was helped by the surviving residents of the city. In conditions when the right bank of the Volga actually became the front, and the left - the rear, the Volga crossings became a vital factor. They carried out the delivery of ammunition, medicines, food, reserves from the left bank, and from the right bank they transported the wounded to hospitals equipped in a shallow rear.

1 leader:

Stalingrad that day was still living the rear life of a front-line city. Shops and institutions were open, children were taken to kindergartens the day before. Nobody thought about evacuation.

According to the recollections of many "children of military Stalingrad", Sunday August 23, 1942 was warm and sunny. In the center of the city - a great revival - shops, markets worked, townspeople rested in parks; military and policemen worked on the central streets, preparing a place for the passage of military equipment ... A few minutes after the appeal of the chief of staff for air defense of Stalingrad about the expected massive German air raid, a reconnaissance aircraft "rama" appeared over the city center. He threw out a huge number of leaflets and turned back.

The bombardment of Stalingrad began at 18:00. The air defense of the city was complicated by the fact that anti-aircraft guns were used to repel a tank attack - by the time the raid began, the Stalingrad anti-aircraft gunners had already held back the onslaught of the 169th tank division of the enemy on the northern outskirts of the city for two hours. They were forbidden to shoot at aircraft so that more shells went to the tanks. At 4:18 pm, according to eyewitnesses, a growing rumble was heard. German planes flew in large groups in strict order. From the memoirs of Y. Anikin (at that time a 13-year-old schoolboy): “Standing on the tram ring, I saw with my own eyes how fascist vultures brazenly flew along the city towards the factories, in groups, with an interval of several minutes. High-explosive and incendiary bombs (25 pieces in self-expanding boxes), pieces of rails, empty iron barrels with holes rained down on the city, creating a frightening screech, howl, and roar. Powerful explosions of heavy bombs constantly shook the ground and air.

Enemy aircraft destroyed the city, killed more than 40 thousand people, destroyed more than half of the housing stock of pre-war Stalingrad, thereby turning the city into a vast territory covered with burning ruins. In one day, the enemy made more than 2,000 sorties. The aircraft flew in groups of 30-40 aircraft. The city was stretched along the Volga for many kilometers, and the bombers managed to make several sorties a day.

On the screen is a photo of the "Bombardment of Stalingrad".

Air squadrons of Richthofen

attacked Stalingrad.

2 host:

Despite the opposition of Soviet aviation and anti-aircraft artillery, which managed to shoot down 120 fascist aircraft, the city was turned into ruins, more than 40 thousand civilians died. Not only buildings were on fire, the land and the Volga were also on fire, as oil tanks were destroyed. The fires in the streets were so hot that the clothes on people who fled for shelter ignited.

It was impossible to put out the fires because the water supply was out of order. The Germans cut off the main lift at the Mechetka, it was put out of action, and therefore there was no water.

Terrified people, according to their stories, tried to hide in the first shelters that came across. They fled in hastily dug small dugouts, trenches, crevices, cellars. Everything around began to burn: houses, streets, the city. The oil refineries standing on the shore were also on fire, because of the burning oil slicks, it seemed that the Volga was also on fire.

Hoping for salvation, people tried to get to the Volga crossing, but once there, many turned back, realizing that it was simply impossible to evacuate. A small section of the crossing was used by the military, rarely the wounded and children were transported. It was possible to get on the barge only after going through a hellish crush. “The people in a wave, crushing each other, began to climb onto the barge along the gangway. And when the pier collapsed under us, I mechanically clutched the trousers of the man in front, who was holding a small child in his arms, but he himself managed to hold on to the gangway with one hand. Then he somehow contrived, took a penknife out of his pocket and cut out those parts of the trousers that I was holding on to. With these rags in my hands, having lost consciousness from fear, I went to the bottom ... I woke up on the shore among the same “drowned people” as I ... having already climbed the steep bank, we heard the rumble of an airplane ... And when we looked towards the Volga, then that the barge itself burned with a bright flame, like the people from it, floundering in the spilled oil puddle, ”recalled Mazurova Nina Prokofievna.

Presenter:

Stalingrad sky hysterically roared dozens of fascist

aircraft, an air raid alert was issued. The city shuddered from the howl of sirens,

factory and locomotive whistles. As one of the eyewitnesses later recalled: “Howl

the siren was the death groan of a large beautiful city on the Volga. Air

quickly filled with an ominous rumble and roar. From all sides are distributed

powerful explosions, accompanied by the howl and whistle of flying bombs and barrels of

drilled holes in the sides. The sky fills up to the horizon

low-flying planes with black crosses, clusters are separated from them

bombs.

The first bomb strikes disrupted the city's water supply, depriving it of

water. There was nothing to extinguish the fires that had arisen. Everything that could burn was on fire.

houses, fences, trams, steamboats crammed with evacuated wounded,

railway wagons loaded with equipment. Oil spilled on fire

Volga. Fire is rampant everywhere, asphalt is melting, and many streets represent

a fiery pipe through which it is impossible to pass alive. The city is not

to know. Piles of bricks, craters in the asphalt, the smell of burning, smoke, the groans of the wounded,

cries of people for help and hundreds of corpses of children and adults on the mangled

explosion to the ground ... Miraculously, the surviving residents fled to the Volga in the hope

cross over to that side. There were a lot of people on the beach trying to

to escape from fiery captivity, they rushed into the water, but died from bullets. On

low-level flight, the Germans ruthlessly shot the fleeing people from

machine guns. Every 30 minutes they methodically flew over the banks of the Volga,

dropping high-explosive bombs on the embankment and coming for the wounded and

sorties. Enemy crews acted "shuttle". bombed out

planes left for refueling, gave way to others. And so wave after wave

burning down street after street, house after house...

But even in this city that has become a total hell, the Stalingraders

came to each other's aid, rescuing children, bandaging the wounded.

Orphaned babies were collected throughout the city and sent to orphanages and

shelters. For a long time, many of them will cry from the shock

at night, do not talk, and hide under the bed from the first spring thunder.

Often the children were so small that they could not give their first and last names. So

after the war, Stalingrad, Bezfamilnye and Nepomniachtchie will appear in the city.

Later, remembering their military childhood, they will talk about the elephant -

favorite of the Stalingrad children, who lived in the zoo before the war. Wounded,

he wandered the streets of the burning city and screamed terribly from his wounds and

burns. As the fighters who defended the city said, he died along with

many residents, becoming another victim of this terrible day ...

The city was not ready for massive bombardments. There were not enough shelters.

The slots were unreliable. They crumbled not only from a direct hit, but even

from soil vibration. Many Stalingraders did not immediately hide and died from

bombs, fragments. People crowded into shelters while standing. When they collapse

suffocated in a matter of minutes if they were not dug up. According to the stories

VMUK "TSGB" of survivors, according to how many then the builders found the remains, adults and

children's, unrecorded losses were enough.

No one will ever name the true number of those who died on the first day

the next day, under the bombing in the city, 43 thousand civilians died

population, mainly women, children, elderly and sick people. But that's all

relatively. In England, which the Germans bombed intensively for a year,

fewer people died than in Stalingrad.

For many years it was customary to speak of the Battle of Stalingrad as a tragedy.

the destruction of a beautiful city, as a manifestation of the mass heroism of the inhabitants.

It did not immediately come to the realization that this is also a grandiose human

tragedy. Only half a century later, a monument to the innocent appeared in Volgograd

victims of fascism.

3 leading:

“The topic of the evacuation of civilians is perhaps the most controversial for the entire post-war period of historical coverage of the Battle of Stalingrad. According to some data, by the summer of 1942, 490,000 people lived in Stalingrad (1939 census). From February to May 1942, 10.5 thousand evacuated Leningraders were added to them, at least 400 thousand evacuated from Ukraine, from Orel, Kursk, Smolensk region and about 300 thousand natural refugees. According to V.A. Beregovoy’s research, by the summer of 1942 there were about 612 thousand people in Stalingrad. And in August 1942, there were still approximately 450-500 thousand evacuees, including 45 thousand from Leningrad.

there is still no exact data on the number of people who managed to evacuate. According to newspaper publications, before the tragic events of August 23, less than 100 thousand people were able to leave the city - the wounded, Leningrad children, families of high-ranking Soviet employees, several thousand qualified defense workers. According to V.A. Beregovoy’s research, 300 thousand people tried to evacuate, but 40% of them died. B.S. Abalikhin wrote that in total from August 23 to October 14, 1942, about 400 thousand people were evacuated from the city.

Presenter:

On that terrible day, everything faded.

The roar of the bomb, the groan, the semblance of hell.

"Adolphs", like a crow,

Hovered in the sky of Stalingrad.

There are no more people at home.

Only a cry is heard - bestial, long.

With my hushed mother

We wanted to break through to the Volga.

We couldn't get to the river.

The walls and roofs collapsed.

Where the eyes go

From the canvas they wandered higher and higher.

And later in the morning,

Alien soldiers approached

And the light faded ... behind the Dar-mountain

We were captured by the Nazis.

VMUK "TsSGB" Slave people to the scream and howl

Hastily loaded into the calf.

There was a point near Belaya Kalitva -

We were all taken there...

/Evgeny Prudnikov/

Our countrymen also visited there, residents of the northern outskirts of Stalingrad, from

the villages of Rynok and Spartanovka, Dachny, Lineyny, Verkhny, Gorny settlements of the TZR.

Make available the experiences and thoughts of these people to the general public

became the goal of the project "... and the Volga burned." Documentation provided here

contains 50 personal stories, memories of Stalingrad, written by

people who survived the battle of 1942 as children and teenagers. Some were

driven away for forced labor in Germany, others survived in the very

Stalingrad, in rare cases beyond the Volga.

1 leader:

Great help to rivermen in the fight against bombing was provided by a brigade of buoyers Emelyanov K.S. Lighting false buoys, they managed to negate many enemy air attacks. At the suggestion of Emelyanov K.S. on the main deep-water branch of the Volga, mock-ups of logs were installed, equipped with false ship lights, which were bombarded, while real ships were sailing along another shallow river branch.

2 host:

On August 24, as a result of continuous bombing, the port of Stalingrad actually ceased to exist, but the evacuation of the population continued. From August 23 to October 1942, the ships of the Volga crossings transported over 250 thousand people to the left bank. For three days without sleep and rest, the fire steamer "Gassitel" fought against a sea of ​​fire, at the same time participating in the transportation of the evacuated population of the city and valuable cargo to the left bank. The logbook of the ship, which is kept in the panorama museum "Battle of Stalingrad", indicates that the pumps of the "Extinguisher" on August 23, 1942 did not stop working for a minute. On August 25, enemy planes attacked the Gasitel when it was heading towards the left bank of the Volga with a group of evacuees. The bombs exploded in the stern of the ship. The hull received up to 80 underwater and surface holes. Many fragments hit the engine room. The right steering wheel was disabled, the sound alarm was broken. The mechanic Erokhin, struck in the heart, fell, the stoker Sokolov was killed, five people from the team were wounded. His assistant Agapov took the place of the dead mechanic and worked alone, for the killed mechanic and the wounded members of the engine crew. All holes in the hull were repaired on the move, without going into the backwater.

On the screen is a photograph of the Bombardment of the Volga Crossing.

German aircraft strike

by crossing

3 leading:

She showed no less courage and perseverance in last days August the team of the longboat "Lena". Having 5 people on the ship, instead of 16 people according to the state, the crew of the Lena constantly kept watch for five days, having made 60 flights during this time, delivered thousands of tons of necessary cargo to the front under incessant bombing.

A heroic page in the glorious annals of the river fleet included the names of passenger ships - "Mikhail Kalinin", "Joseph Stalin", "Paris Commune". Loaded with wounded and evacuated citizens, they broke through along the coast occupied by the enemy. The steamboats were fired upon, received holes. On the steamer "Paris Commune" 90 fires were eliminated. The most serious damage was received by "Joseph Stalin". Under the leadership of Captain Rachkov, the team of the Volga flagship fought to the end to save the ship. Most of the team members were injured. The fire, despite all efforts, quickly spread throughout the ship and it began to sink. The longboat-"observer" of Captain I.I. came to the rescue. Isakov. 82 passengers and crew were rescued.

1 leader:

The huge bonfire of the burning city was visible for tens of kilometers around.

It's blown from the air

Mutilated by shelling from the ground,

Defeated ... And yet he

Unshakable, beautiful and eternal.

We love our city like this -

Severe, fearless and firm,

Broken, burnt, night

And yet bright and proud.

We will not change our words,

Let the battle be merciless and terrible.

Our town! You will be so

Spacious, transparent, lively,

Beautiful, as in our memory.

(E. Dolmatovsky)

Stalingrad and the Volga are on fire. The image on the screen.

2 host:

From the memories of eyewitnesses of those harsh days, difficult trials.

M. I. Malyutina

“Many of us, the children of Stalingrad, have been counting down our “stay” in the war since August 23. But I felt it here, in the city a little earlier, when the girls of our eighth grade were sent to assist in the conversion of the school into a hospital. Everything was allotted, as we were told, 10-12 days.

We started by emptying the classrooms from their desks, and putting bunks in their place, filling their bedding. But the real work began when one night a train with the wounded arrived, and we helped carry them from the cars to the station building. Doing this was not at all easy. After all, our strengths were - not so hot. That is why every stretcher was served by four of us. Two took the handles, and two more crawled under the stretcher and, slightly rising, moved along with the main ones. The wounded groaned, others raved, and even cursed violently. Most of them were black with smoke and soot, tattered, dirty, and covered in bloody bandages. Looking at them, we often roared, but we did our job. But even after we, together with the adults, took the wounded to the hospital, we were not allowed to go home.

There was enough work for everyone: they looked after the wounded, rewound bandages, and carried out ships. But the day came when they told us: “Girls, you must go home today.” And then it was August 23…”

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Extinguishing "lighters"

V. Ya. Khodyrev

“... Once our group, among which I was, heard the growing rumble of an enemy aircraft, and soon the whistle of falling bombs. Several lighters fell on the roof, one of them was close to me, dazzling sparks. From surprise and excitement for some time I forgot how to act. He hit her with a shovel. She flared up again, pouring a fountain of sparks, and, jumping, flew over the edge of the roof. Without causing any harm to anyone, she burned out on the ground in the middle of the yard.

There were later on my account other tamed lighters, but I especially remember that first one. I proudly showed the pants burned by her sparks to the yard boys ... "

1 leader:

Capturing scouts

V. L. Kravtsov

“... At the end of July, somewhere around twelve o'clock in the morning after the announcement of an air raid alarm, when dazzling white beams of searchlights darted across the sky, we stood at the crossroads of streets, near the Smirnovsky store. Suddenly, from behind the house opposite, a rocket hissed into the sky. Describing the arc, she fell somewhere in the area of ​​the crossing. Without saying a word, we rushed into the dark courtyard. The person running away towards the pumping station was immediately seen. Yura, the lightest on his feet, overtook the rocket man first and knocked him down. This moment was enough for Kolya and I to be right there.

They saddled the enemy scout with the entire patrol. Having searched it, they did not find anything: in all likelihood, he managed to get rid of unnecessary evidence. Having tied the detainee's hands with a trouser belt, they took him to the police station. All the way they were silent, everyone thought about his own. Only Yurka still could not calm down and endlessly repeated: "Well, you bastard! ... Well, the damned fascist!"

We were thanked for our vigilance. And K.S. Bogdanova added: “I am proud of you guys. You will definitely be rewarded."

But on August 23, everything was crossed out. Everyone was not up to the awards. And yet they showed up. But later, two years later, when we were seventeen, we went to the front. Only Kolya was not among us, he died on the fifth day after the bombing.”

2 host:

When the bombing began, Zhenya Motorin, a native of Stalingrad, lost his mother and sister. So a fourteen-year-old teenager was forced to stay with the fighters on the front line for some time. They tried to evacuate him across the Volga, but because of the constant bombing and shelling, this was not possible. Zhenya experienced a real nightmare when, during the next bombing, a fighter walking next to him covered the boy with his body. As a result, the soldier was literally torn to pieces by shrapnel, but Motorin remained alive. The amazed teenager fled from that place for a long time. And having stopped in some dilapidated house, I realized that I was standing on the site of a recent battle, surrounded by corpses Stalingrad defenders. Nearby lay a submachine gun, grabbing which Zhenya heard rifle shots and long automatic bursts.

There was a fight going on in the house opposite. A minute later, on the backs of the Germans entering the rear of our soldiers, a long automatic burst hit. Zhenya, who saved the soldiers, has since become the son of a regiment.

Soldiers and officers later called the guy "Stalingrad Gavroche". And on the tunic of the young defender, medals appeared: “For Courage”, “For Military Merit”.

3 leading:

We bow before the defenders of Odessa, Sevastopol, Kerch and Minsk, we recognize the great historical meaning battles near Moscow, the Kursk-Oryol operation and other major battles of the Great Patriotic War. But the Battle of Stalingrad still occupies a special place among these and other events in national and world history.

The feat of the Defenders of Stalingrad is known throughout the world. It was here that in 1942-43 they decided further destinies planets. For the Nazis, this city was of particular importance not only as an important military-political, economic and transport center. They understood perfectly well that the city where Stalin's star rose, the city-symbol bearing his name, plays a key role in the patriotic consciousness of the Soviet people.

That is why they bombed him with such fury on August 23, 1942, and then attacked again and again. The Wehrmacht war machine drowned on the banks of the Volga. The unprecedented feat of Soviet soldiers and officers who stood to the death of 200 fiery days and nights, who said to themselves and others "There is no land for us beyond the Volga", who broke the back of the fascist beast, received a huge response in the world saved from the "brown plague" and became the beginning of the end Hitler's Germany. Stalingrad survived because it was in it that the whole meaning of the Motherland was embodied. That is why nowhere else in the world was there such mass heroism. All the spiritual and moral strength of our people is concentrated here.

1 leader:

Open to the steppe wind

Houses are broken.

Sixty two kilometers

Stalingrad is spread out in length.

As if he were on the blue Volga

He turned around in a chain, accepted the fight.

Stood front across Russia -

And he covered it all.

(S. Orlov)

2 host:

The events of the Battle of Stalingrad were of tremendous importance for the further course of the Second World War, it was the point of a great turning point in its course. And recognition of this contribution is not only the letter of the American President Franklin Roosevelt and the sword of the English King George VI, now carefully stored in the Volgograd State Panorama Museum "The Battle of Stalingrad", but also the squares and streets named after Stalingrad in Paris and London, other countries of Europe and America , as well as the indisputable fact that all over the world of all the dramatic moments of the Second World War on the Eastern Front, the only known now is the Battle of Stalingrad.

3 leading:

Stronghold

rising above the Volga,

In the ring of impregnable fences

Announces a glorious victory

In thunder and smoke Stalingrad.

Treacherous hordes of enemies

Destroyed and dispelled the people,

And tanks of broken remains

They lie at the iron gates.

Descendant!

Looking proud

On the free steppes of the country,

Remember

how honored

Fearless sons!

Stubborn in the fight, majestic,

In the ring of impregnable fences.

Near the Volga on fire and fires

Stalingrad forged the victory.

(Irakli Abashidze)

On the screen is a photograph of war veterans.

The song sounds on the verses of Margarita Agashina, music by Vladimir Miguli "Soldier of Stalingrad" (Song about a soldier).

A quarter of a century ago, battles died down.

They got sick, your wounds healed.

But, keeping loyalty to distant courage,

you stand and are silent at the holy fire.

You survived, soldier! At least a hundred times died.

Though he buried his friends and even stood to death.

Why are you frozen - a palm on the heart

and in the eyes, as in streams, fire was reflected?

They say that a soldier does not cry: he is a soldier.

And that old wounds hurt bad weather.

But yesterday it was sunny! And the sun in the morning...

Why are you crying, soldier, at the holy fire?

Because the river sparkles in the sun.

Because clouds are flying over the Volga.

It just hurts to look - the fields are golden!

The forelocks of feather grass just turn white bitterly.

Look, soldier - this is your youth -

At the soldier's grave are sons!

So what are you thinking, old soldier?

Or is your heart on fire? Or do the wounds hurt?

On the screen is a photograph of "Veteran at the Eternal Flame".

A moment of silence in memory of the fallen veterans of the war.

Candles of memory. (All participants in the event pass burning candles from hand to hand).

The song "Birch grows in Volgograd" sounds. Lyrics by Margarita Agashina, music by Grigory Ponomarenko.

\"Birch is growing in Volgograd\"

(Originally in Stalingrad)

You were also born in Russia

In the edge of the field and forest

We have a birch in every song

Birch under every window

In every spring meadow

Their white, live round dance

But there is a birch in Volgograd

You will see and your heart will stop.

She was brought from afar

To the edge where the feather grasses rustle

How hard did she get used to

To the fire of the Volgograd land

How long did she miss

About bright forests in Rus'

The guys lie under the birch

Ask them about it!

The grass under the birch is not crumpled

No one has risen from the earth

But how does a soldier need it

For someone to grieve over him -

And wept lightly like a bride

And remembered forever, like a mother

You were also born a soldier

Don't you understand that?

You were also born in Russia

In a birch, sweet land

Now, where you will not meet a birch

You will remember my birch.

Her silent branches

Her patient sadness.

Birch grows in Volgograd

Try to forget her...

A birch grows in Volgograd ...

Try to forget her!

On the screen is a photograph of a birch tree.

Despite the obvious military superiority of the Germans, the Stalingraders desperately resisted the enemy, shooting down up to 120 fascist aircraft in the very first minutes of the attack, but when the city was enveloped in a veil of smoke, the situation changed fundamentally. The anti-aircraft artillery of the 1077th regiment lost the ability to accurately fire at enemy aircraft, and besides, it was faced with the task of holding back the onslaught of the German ground operation that was going along with the air strikes. The Wehrmacht armored vehicles approaching the city from the north, according to the plan of the Nazi commanders, were supposed to complete the work begun by the pilots and provide the Fuhrer with Stalingrad on a silver platter.

However, the Germans once again miscalculated, not taking into account the strong-willed nature of the Soviet people, who did not spare blood and life to protect their native land. By bombarding the city with propaganda leaflets calling for surrender and going under the progressive and invincible banner of the Fuhrer, the Germans planned to bring chaos to the ranks of a handful of resisters. However, civilians and militias, having turned the destroyed buildings into fortresses with firing points, did not respond to calls for betrayal and provided all possible assistance to the military, who were holding back the onslaught of the Wehrmacht.

On August 23, the Germans did not manage to carry out the “mini-blitzkrieg”, having smoked and bombed the city, they did not break through the defenses of Stalingrad, to the defense of which even those who had descended from the assembly line of the plant named after. Dzerzhinsky three tractors sheathed with armor.

For the obvious failure of the operation, General von Wittersheim, who commanded the 14th Panzer Corps of the Wehrmacht, was removed from his post, as he failed to take advantage of the monstrous head start given to him by the Luftwaffe pilots.